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This article analyzes recent developments in Florida criminal law. The areas discussed include constitutional challenges to legislative enactments, search and seizure, confessions, speedy trial, pleas of guilty and nolo contendere, evidence, jury instructions, sentencing and the death penalty.

The principle of actio libera in causa or the effect of a perpetrator's voluntary intoxication on the existence of a criminal act is controversial in international criminal law. The present legislation, as contained in the Rome Statute, is a compromise between different legal systems. It allows the exclusion of a criminal act based on the fact that the perpetrator was involuntarily intoxicated and he or she cannot be ascribed guilt for the act of intoxication and the criminal act. In the Rome Statute the actio libera in causa principle has three elements, composed similarly of the insanity defence due to biological (intoxication), or psychological (the inability to control actions or understand their consequences), and the third negative condition (nonexistence of guilt for the criminal act). The Rome Statute does not deal with diminished mental capacity due to intoxication and also does not contain stipulations regarding the conditions of a generally diminished mental capacity. I propose that the International Criminal Court finds support in the above-mentioned three elements of the principle of actio libera in causa by acknowledging that a perpetrator's capacity to understand or control his or her actions is partially diminished, not totally absent.

Defence date: 9 June 2014 ; Examining Board: Professor Martin Scheinin, EUI (Supervisor) Professor Nehal Bhuta, EUI Professor William Schabas, Middlesex University, London Judge Christine Baroness Van den Wyngaert, International Criminal Court. ; This PhD thesis was awarded the Cappelletti Prize. ; Complicity is a criminal law doctrine that attributes responsibility to those who do not physically perpetrate the crime. It is an essential mode of liability for core international crimes because it reaches out to senior political and military leadership. These persons do not usually engage in direct offending, yet in the context of mass atrocities they are often more culpable than foot soldiers. The Statutes of the ad hoc tribunals, hybrid courts and the International Criminal Court expressly provide for different forms of complicity, and domestic legal systems recognize it in one form or another. This is in contrast with alternative modes of liability implied from the Statutes to address the situations with multiple accused removed from the scene of the crime / (in)direct co-perpetration, extended perpetration and the joint criminal enterprise.

Legislation in the health sector must always follow and fulfill the community needs. After that, it must be able to answer the problems of the community in the health sector, so that people feel at ease as citizens. It is the duty of the government so that people can enjoy health care at affordable costs. In addition, hospitals must always maintain their professionals. The problem this paper about how is criminal law policy in health care and the methods is Normative legal research is research conducted by examining library materials. This research on normative literature includes research on legal principles, research on legal systematic, research on the levels of vertical and horizontal synchronization, comparison of law and legal history. The result is obtained are in addition to criminal law, namely Law Number 1 Year 1946 on the Criminal Code, there are also several criminal policy that regulate criminal law protection in health care or medical. The laws and regulations are Law Number 36 Year 2009 on Health, Law Number 44 Year 2009 on Hospitals, Law Number 29 Year 2004 on Medical Practice and many other laws and regulations related to criminal policy in the health sector. Since ancient Greece, legal science has touched almost all aspects of human life, except the medical field. Health workers who existed at that time regulated their own work methods with professional codes of ethics and oaths that were deeply rooted in tradition and had a strong influence on society.

La dimensión real de la actual política criminal española carece de adecuados niveles de racionalidad, entre sus múltiples causas, podemos mencionar el fenómeno de la creciente dinámica punitivista, la ausencia de una adecuada cultura de evaluación, el menosprecio a la criminología, la escasa consideración de los responsables políticos hacia las opiniones expertas de la dogmática, y la constante indiferencia de ésta hacia la realidad que debe enfrentar. Se configura así un decepcionante panorama donde la política criminal real aparece como carente de una sólida base empírica. La dimensión teórica de la política criminal, no puede soslayar el aporte de las investigaciones criminológicas, ya que aquellos tendrían la virtualidad de ser condición necesaria aunque no suficiente de la utilización racional del sistema punitivo. Hay que optar por una reducción de la privación de libertad y promover otras sanciones en cuyo contenido se armonicen los conceptos de incapacitación y responsabilización. Además, se requiere el desarrollo de una victimología que se dirija a inhibir los impulsos punitivos de las víctimas en función de orientar la política criminal hacia una cultura jurídica reparatoria que enfrente la actual expansión del derecho penal. ; Der aktuellen Kriminalpolitik in Spanien mangelt es an einem angemessenen, vernünftigen Rahmen. Unter den zahlreichen Ursachen finden sich eine zunehmend strafende Dynamik, die Abwesenheit einer angemessenen Wertungskultur, die Geringschätzung der Kriminologie, die geringe Beachtung der Expertenmeinungen durch die federführenden Politiker und die anhaltende Gleichgültigkeit der Fachwelt gegenüber der Wirklichkeit. Auf diese Weise entsteht ein enttäuschendes Gesamtbild, bei dem die tatsächliche Kriminalpolitik erscheint, als fehlte es ihr an einer soliden empirischen Grundlage. Die theoretische Dimension der Kriminalpolitik kann nicht auf den Beitrag der kriminologischen Forschung verzichten, schon weil diese notwendige Voraussetzung ist, obwohl im strafenden System nicht in ausreichendem Maße vernünftig herangezogen. Man muss für eine Reduzierung von Freiheitsentziehungen stimmen und andere Sanktionsfolgen wählen, welche das Konzept der Unschädlichmachung mit dem der Verantwortlichkeit kombinieren. Erforderlich ist außerdem die Entwicklung einer Viktimologie, die darauf gerichtet ist, die Strafimpulse der Opfer zu verhindern und welche die Kriminalpolitik an eine Rechtskultur der Wiedergutmachung heranführt, die der Ausweitung des Strafrechts entgegentritt.