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This article explores various interlinks and connections between philosophy and the other sciences, namely, linguistics, cognitive sciences, sociology, economy, political, ideological and human life studies. Those interlinks and connections are analysed within three methodological paradigms. The first paradigm binds cognising, defining and speaking. The second paradigm integrates assembling, self-organising and social engineering. The third one connects working, living and sensing together. According to the aforementioned paradigms, this issue is divided into three chapters. This article, in turn, delivers concise presentations of articles belonging to the above-mentioned chapters. Those presentations interlink various issues of different sciences, such as solving paradoxes of knowability, delivering reliable definitions of transdisciplinary knowledge, identifying means and mechanisms of linguistic subjectivity, proposing effective ways and procedures of self-organization of democracy, discovering relevant methods of social engineering for strengthening democratic welfare state, offering feasible scenarios of Europeanization processes, establishing balance between work, recreation and health, and identifying common sense phenomenon with social life-world.

The article examines in detail the problems associated with the development of Buddhism, which introduced a personal aspect to religion and embodied the idea of the need for compassion for all living beings. A special place is occupied by the analysis of the moral and social component of this religion. Buddhism is seen as a protest movement that originated in India and is directed against the frozen hierarchy, mechanical ritualism and greed of the Brahmins. This religion challenged the Brahmin hierarchy, appealing primarily to warriors, kings, and the mass of the free population. The Buddhist community was a brotherhood of mendicant monks who did not perform any rituals, but only showed people the way to salvation by the example of their lives. Buddhism is also one of the radical reformist teachings, not only intellectually, but also socially. He called people, first of all, to inner perfection, the last stage of which can be achieved only through kindness and benevolence to all living beings. The central point of this article is devoted to the debate about the reality of the Buddha's existence, his teaching and the transformations of this teaching. A significant place is given to the description of the way of life of Buddhist monks, the relationship within the Buddhist community and with the laity. The reasons for the attractiveness of Buddhism and its easy adaptability to other religious doctrines are substantiated. The possibilities of transformation of Buddhism, including within the framework of syncretic creeds, as well as in the activities of totalitarian and pseudo-religious sects, are shown. Examples of the politicization of this religion and its inclusion in the activities of fundamentalist organizations are given.

The article considers macroeconomic and social factors of the upsurge of socio-political instability in the Arab world. The Arab countries are compared with other states in the Arab-Muslim world, as well as with the economically fast-growing economies of East and South Asia. It is concluded that Arab countries loosely fit into the promising growth model of the XX century and they are in need of profound reforms.

Rare diseases are a heterogenic group of disorders with a little in common
except of their rarity affecting by less than 5 : 10.000 people. In the world
is registered about 6000-8000 rare diseases with 6-8% suffering population
only in the European Union. In spite of rarity, they represent an important
medical and social problem due to their incidence. For many rare diseases
have no treatment, but if it exists and if started on time as being available
to patients, there is a good prognosis for them to be able for normal life.
The problems of patients affected by rare diseases are related to the lack of
diagnosis and timely undergoing as well as their treatment or prevention.
Orphan drugs are products intended for treatment, diagnosis or prevention of
rare diseases, but for their development and marketing the industry has not
been interested in yet because of their marketing reasons. Patients suffering
from a rare disease although belonging to the vulnerable group for their
specific health needs, is becoming invisible in the health care system due to
their additional needs un properly recognized. Ethical problems faced by
patients, but also health care professionals are related to the allocation of
medical diagnostics, unequal approach to health care, inappropriately
specialized social services as well as therapy and rare orphan drugs
unavailability. Ethical questions related to clinical trails on orphan drugs,
population screening and epidemiology testing on rare diseases will also be
discussed in this paper.

The article deals with the events related to the development of the coronavirus pandemic in the countries of the South Caucasus. The author pays attention to the spread of the disease in Armenia, Georgia and Azerbaijan, the measures taken by the state authorities against the epidemic. A large place is devoted to the demonstrations of citizens against anti-COVID restrictions. In addition, the process of vaccination and the resistance to the latter on the part of citizens, expressed in crowded rallies, are considered. All this together led to an increase in social tension in the region. However, in each of the states of the South Caucasus the considered processes had their own characteristics.

Social problems are rapidly increasing in modern societies due to various reasons. One of these is drug addiction, which has become a major issue in the contemporary world, as it is proving to be a serious social problem in both developing and underdeveloped countries. This review article that focuses on the social aspects of drug addiction in Sri Lanka is based on secondary data obtained from the published works of different authors; they provide details about the identity of drugs, drug addiction and the increasing number of addicts in Sri Lanka. Drug addiction has become an important issue due to its severe impact on public health, its tendency to encourage crime, cause diseases, poverty and destruction of family life in Sri Lanka. Heroin and cannabis (marijuana) are found to be the most commonly used drugs in Sri Lanka. Laws and policies designed to control drug abuse and regulations on drug addicts have not brought any major change or desired outcome in the Sri Lankan drug scene. Drug users in Sri Lanka get their supply of drugs from the underground drug market, which has its internal and external sources. Rehabilitation of drug addicts has become an urgent need in the country to protect its valuable citizens who are needed to build a sustainable nation that is free from drugs. Drug addiction is preventable and can be managed successfully if every citizen of the country gives his/ her full support and contribution.

The concept of "leadership" has become widely used in the social sciences after K.Levin experiments (USA, 30th years). He proposed a model for the implementation of changes identified three leadership styles (authoritarian, democratic and anarchist) and proved their direct impact on the "cluster environment» (Lewin, 1951). From this period, the term leadership is firmly embedded in psychological science. In 1943, psychologist K.Craik, continuing the development of ideas about the relationship with the leader of the group, suggested that all events are translated into the internal model, and that people use these models to evaluate external events. This communication theory suggests that people perceive the world through the prism of their psychological perception, and not just the outside world as a whole, despite the fact that they can feel that. DOI:10.5901/mjss.2013.v4n9p714