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Taking Aim. 1993. 41 min., color. video by Monica Frota. For more information contact Monica Frota at Rua Visconde de Ouro Preto 611/201, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil 22250‐180, (55 21 5376235).

Technological development has created new forms of information, altered expectations of privacy, and given law enforcement more tools to examine that information and intrude on that privacy. One crucial facet of these changes involves internet service providers (ISPs): as people expose more of their lives to their ISPs—all the websites they visit, people they communicate with, emails they send, files they store, and more—law enforcement efforts to access that data become more and more common. But scholars and policymakers alike recognize that the existing statutory frameworks governing those efforts are based on obsolete technology and strike balances that are difficult to justify and that are both over- and underprotective of privacy.This Article proposes a new approach to regulating government investigations of data that has been shared with ISPs—one that is inspired by a legal tool designed to achieve the very balance between public benefits and private burdens that has thus far proven elusive. This tool is the Takings Clause. Under the Takings Clause, the government can acquire private property, including intangible and intellectual property, but this wide-ranging power is disciplined by the requirement that the government pursue a public purpose and pay just compensation for the property it takes. This Article argues that adapting these features of the takings framework to govern the investigation of ISP-held data would be feasible, theoretically and doctrinally sound, and normatively desirable.In making this argument, this Article addresses one of the primary problems with the various existing mechanisms by which government conducts investigations online, which is that the costs of diminished privacy fall on the civilian targets of those investigations. The result is that law enforcement does not adequately consider these costs when making investigation decisions. Acquiring information under a takings-inspired regime, by contrast, would trigger a requirement to compensate the person whose privacy has been diminished and thus impose a direct cost on the government entity conducting the investigation. This obligation to pay would force the investigating entity to be more thoughtful about which investigations are the highest priorities, most likely to yield valuable information, and most tailored to achieve their purposes.

This week we are looking at taking offence. What is it? Can it be a good thing? And can it also go too far?

AbstractLearning about the structure of the world requires learning probabilistic relationships: rules in which cues do not predict outcomes with certainty. However, in some cases, the ability to track probabilistic relationships is a handicap, leading adults to perform non‐normatively in prediction tasks. For example, in thedilution effect, predictions made from the combination of two cues of different strengths are less accurate than those made from the stronger cue alone. Here we show thatdilutionis an adult problem; 11‐month‐old infants combine strong and weak predictors normatively. These results extend and add support for theless is morehypothesis: limited cognitive resources can lead children to represent probabilistic information differently from adults, and this difference in representation can have important downstream consequences for prediction.

"The Social Justice Standards from Teaching Tolerance are a proven framework for developing anti-bias in students. In Taking Action, students learn to speak up in the face of bias. Readers will see the domain of action in real life and learn best practices as they interact with others--and themselves. Engaging inquiry-based sidebars encourage students to think, create, guess, and ask questions around the content. Books include table of contents, glossary, index, author biography, and sidebars"--

This week we ask: Is there value in taking offence? Indeed, should we cultivate a readiness to take offence in ourselves and others?

[EN] We present a combined theoretical-experimental study aiming to provide information about the location and coordination environment of the Cu2+ species involved in the selective reduction of NOx with NH3 catalyzed by Cu-zeolites. From the experimental side, we show and discuss the EPR spectra of the three molecular sieves most widely used as catalysts for the NH3-SCR-NOx reaction, namely Cu-SSZ-13, Cu-SAPO-34 and Cu-ZSM-5 both in their hydrated state and after dehydration. Then, we investigate the EPR spectra of Cu-SSZ-13 and Cu-SAPO-34 under the following conditions: (i) after NH3 adsorption, (ii) after NO addition, and (iii) in the presence of a NO/O-2 mixture. As regards the theoretical part, an exhaustive computational study has been performed that includes geometry optimization and calculation of the EPR parameters of all the relevant systems involved in the NH3-SCR-NOx reaction. The influence of local geometry and Al/Si distribution in the zeolite framework on the EPR parameters and the most probable location of Cu2+ in each material are analyzed, and assignations of the EPR signals obtained under different reaction conditions are discussed. ; This work has been supported by the Spanish Government through Severo Ochoa Program (SEV 2012-0267), MAT2015-71261-R and CTQ2015-68951-C3-1-R, and by the European Union through ERC-AdG-2014-671093 (SynCatMatch). Red Española de Supercomputación (RES) and Centre de Càlcul de la Universitat de Valencia are gratefully acknowledged for computational resources and technical support. E.F.V. thanks MINECO for her fellowship SVP-2013-068146. ; Fernández-Villanueva, E.; Moreno González, M.; Moliner Marin, M.; Blasco Lanzuela, T.; Boronat Zaragoza, M.; Corma Canós, A. (2018). Modeling of EPR Parameters for Cu(II): Application to the Selective Reduction of NOx Catalyzed by Cu-Zeolites. Topics in Catalysis. 61(9-11):810-832. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11244-018-0929-y ; S ; 810 ; 832 ; 61 ; 9-11 ; Chen H-Y (2014) In: Nova I, Tronconi E (eds) Urea-SCR technology for deNOx after ...