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Introduction: Life, Organisms, and Human Nature: New Perspectives on Classical German Philosophy -- I. UNDERSTANDING ORGANIC LIFE BETWEEN PHILOSOPHY AND THE NATURAL SCIENCES -- 1. Organisms and Natural Ends in Kant's Critique of the Teleological Power of Judgment -- 2. Kant and Biological Theory -- 3. Rethinking Schelling's Philosophy of Nature Through a Process Account of Emergence -- 4. Inadmissible Application: Some Notes on Causality and Life in Hegel -- 5. Concepts with Teeth and Claws. On Species, Essences and Purposes in Hegel's Organic Physics -- 6. Hegel's Theory of Space-Time (No, not that space-time) -- II. UNDERSTANDING THE HUMAN LIFE-FORM BETWEEN NATURE, SPIRIT, AND SOCIETY -- 7. 'All is Act.' Fichte's Idealism as Immortalism -- 8. 'True life is only in Death.' On Rejecting Life and Nature in Romanticism (Fichte, Novalis, Schlegel) -- 9. Schelling on the Nature of Freedom and the Freedom of Nature. The role of the Naturphilosophie in the Freiheitsschrift -- 10. The State as Second Nature in Schelling's System of Transcendental Idealism -- 11. The Psychical Relation -- 12. The Physical Body and Its Role in Hegel's Mature Ethical Theory -- 13. Second Nature and Self-Determination in Hegel's Philosophy of Spirit -- 14. Gattungswesen and Universality: Feuerbach, Marx and German idealism -- III. NATURALISM AND THE BOUNDS OF NATURE -- 15. The Third Antinomy in the Age of Naturalism -- 16. Post-Bonnetian Naturalism -- 17. Romantic Empiricism in the Anthropocene: Unlocking A. v. Humboldt's and F. W. J. Schelling's Potential for the Environmental Humanities -- 18. Nature's System Within the System: Hegel's Idealist Philosophy of Nature -- 19. Scientism as Ideology; Speculative Naturalism as Qualified Decoloniality.

Educational institutions fall under open systems category due to their close interaction with the social structure and its environment. As in every system, among the components of the education system are inputs, process, outputs, feedback and "environmental" subsystems that closely interact with it. As for "process", a subsystem that has a lot of transactions, we see a cycle set on four pedestals including "administration", "teaching", cultural" and "political." Reports prepared as a result of comprehensive research conducted by international institutions and organizations state that teachers who constitute a critical axis of the education system play an important role in student academic success along with other axes. Thereunder, reports prepared as a result of research focusing on selecting, training and developing teacher candidates, quality of education and improving student success have come up with some recommendations. While education is being redefined as a structure and process in addition to being a system, the components of education undergo a structural transformation. While educational institutions and organizations are put at the center as a basic change and transformation element of the social structure in our information age, student has begun to be re-defined as "strategic human resource" and teachers as "strategic teaching leaders." The present study deals with the new trends in selecting, training and developing "teachers" which are a sub-dimension of the "Educational Process", and thereunder, the increasing importance of the information technology and its possible contribution to the training and qualifications of teachers, and seeks to come up with some recommendations.

The expansion of technological access has led to substantial shifting in opportunities to connect geographically dispersed members of marginalized groups. Digital networks offer less powerful individuals access to challenging the social order. The Internet, believed to be inherently democratic, has produced a new shift in the politics of pregnancy. This study examines the culture of three public Internet forum sites dedicated to experiences of pregnant women. Where online support forums for breast cancer and other 'ill' communities have been researched previously, pregnancy falls into a unique divide between infirm and well. Pregnant women are not ill based on their status as pregnant, yet many suffer ailments and illnesses as a result of their pregnancies. Additionally, the burden of uncertainty shouldered by pregnant women, with fears of miscarriage, harming the fetus, and even personal death, haunt most throughout their pregnancies. Yet, previous research has shown that doctors are often found to be unsympathetic to these fears and discomforts, socializing women toward a culture of maternal sacrifice, whereby discounting their suffering as 'good for the baby'. Online forums have emerged, offering pregnant women space to challenge the culture which dictates suffering in silence. Our analysis reveals that participants use online pregnancy forums to ask questions, gauge the normalcy of their physical and psychological experiences, and vent their frustrations to an audience that is both sympathetic and supportive. Online forums for pregnant women offer empowerment through information sharing and entitle women to ask more questions, demand more information, and challenge their medical providers.

L'évolution de la relation entre les citoyens et l'administration publique, l'avènement du capitalisme et le développement des nouvelles technologies et systèmes d'information, ont influencé la naissance d'un nouveau courant relatif à la gestion publique, le New Public Management. Ce dernier suppose que les techniques managériales issues du secteur privé sont supérieures à celles pratiquées au sein du secteur public. Marquant de ce fait le passage versun mode de gestion qui valorise la quête de la performance et de la gouvernance contrairement au suivi aveugle des procédures administratives. Le Maroc a exprimé une volonté, influencée par des facteurs économiques, politiques et sociaux, de moderniser son administration en adoptant des réformes de son secteur public qui sont inspirées des pratiques issues du New Public Management. L'objectif de cet article est d'évaluer la façon avec laquelle certaines de ces réformes ont été adoptées au Maroc et la façon avec laquelle les résultats obtenus se positionnent par rapport aux objectifs du New Public Management.

L'évolution de la relation entre les citoyens et l'administration publique, l'avènement du capitalisme et le développement des nouvelles technologies et systèmes d'information, ont influencé la naissance d'un nouveau courant relatif à la gestion publique, le New Public Management. Ce dernier suppose que les techniques managériales issues du secteur privé sont supérieures à celles pratiquées au sein du secteur public. Marquant de ce fait le passage vers un mode de gestion qui valorise la quête de la performance et de la gouvernance contrairement au suivi aveugle des procédures administratives. Le Maroc a exprimé une volonté, influencée par des facteurs économiques, politiques et sociaux, de moderniser son administration en adoptant des réformes de son secteur public qui sont inspirées des pratiques issues du New Public Management. L'objectif de cet article est d'évaluer la façon avec laquelle certaines de ces réformes ont été adoptées au Maroc et la façon avec laquelle les résultats obtenus se positionnent par rapport aux objectifs du New Public Management.

This book addresses a range of issues surrounding the search for scientific truths in the study of international conflict and international political economy. Unlike empirical studies in other disciplines, says Seung-Whan Choi, many political studies seem more competent at presenting theoretical conjecture and hypotheses than they are at performing rigorous empirical analyses. When we study global issues like democratic institutions, flows of foreign direct investment, international terrorism, civil wars, and international conflict, we often uncritically adopt established theoretical frameworks and research designs. The natural assumption is that well-known and widely cited studies, once ingrained within the tradition of the discipline, should not be challenged or refuted.However, do such noted research areas reflect scientific truth? Choi looks closely at ten widely cited empirical studies that represent well-known research programs in international relations. His discussions address such statistical and theoretical issues as endogeneity bias, model specification error, fixed effects, theoretical predictability, outliers, normality of regression residuals, and choice of estimation techniques. In addition, scientific progress made by remarkable discoveries usually results from finding a new way of thinking about long-held scientific truths, therefore Choi also demonstrates how one may search for novel ideas at minimal cost by developing new research designs with original data.Here is a valuable resource for students, scholars, and policy makers who want to quickly grasp the evolutionary pattern of scientific research on democracy, foreign investment, terrorism, and conflict; build their research designs and choose appropriate statistical techniques; and identify their own agendas for the production of cutting-edge research.

FrontMatter -- Preface -- Acknowledgment of Reviewers -- Contents -- Executive Summary -- PART I CONSENSUS REPORT -- 1 A New Partnership between Systems Engineering and Health Care -- 2 A Framework for a Systems Approach to Health Care Delivery -- 3 The Tools of Systems Engineering -- 4 Information and Communications Systems: The Backbone of the Health Care Delivery System -- 5 A Strategy to Accelerate Change -- PART II WORKSHOP PRESENTATIONS -- Framing the Health Care Challenge -- Crossing the Quality Chasm --Janet Corrigan -- Bridging the Quality Chasm--David Lawrence -- Envisioning the Future--Jeff Goldsmith -- Improving Health and Health Care--Lewis G. Sandy -- Engineering and the Health Care System--Richard J. Coffey -- Engineering and the Health Care Organization--Vinod K. Sahney -- Equipping the Patient and the Care Team -- Evidence-Based Medicine--Brian Haynes -- The Context of Care and the Patient Care Team: The Safety Attitudes Questionnaire--J. Bryan Sexton and Eric J. Thomas and Peter Pronovost -- Engineering the Patient and Family into the Patient Care Team--David Gustafson -- Connecting Patients, Providers, and Payers--John D. Halamka -- New Paradigms for Working and Learning--Richard Bohmer -- Designing Caregiver- and Patient-Centered Health Care Systems--H. Kent Bowen -- Engineering Tools and Procedures for Meeting the Challenges -- Systems Engineering: Opportunities for Health Care--Jennifer K. Ryan -- Supply-Chain Management and Health Care Delivery: Pursuing a System-Level Understanding--Reha Uzsoy -- The Human Factor in Health Care Systems Design--Kim J. Vicente -- Changing Health Care Delivery Enterprises--Seth Bonder -- Transforming Current Hospital Design: Engineering Concepts Applied to the Patient Care Team and Hospital Design--Ann Hendrich.

ABSTRACT New normal Covid-19 situation, causing a change of human behavior which tends to limit physical contact. Marketing strategy by utilizing social media is quite effective to apply. Social media seems to be a particular engagement in life. The study aims to explain the effect of social media marketing engagement, e–WOM, and online purchases on online marketing success and explain the role of e-WOM engagement and online purchasing as a mediating relationship between social media marketing engagement on online marketing success. The study is conducted on Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) in Bali that utilizes social media in promoting their products, using a sample of 210 respondents. The results of the analysis are expected to be used as consideration by producers and marketers, to be able to compete in the new normal era of Covid-19. For the government, expected to be an input in policymaking that encourages the pace of Bali's economic growth in the new normal era of Covid-19. The development of the model that becomes the output of this research is a research model related to the development of research variables. There has been no research that has developed a relationship model of social media marketing engagement, e-WOM engagement, online purchases on online marketing success for SMEs in Bali who have implemented marketing by utilizing social media technology. Thus, it is essential to explore the role of technology in developing SMEs in Bali, and it is necessary to conduct more specific research on the relevant variables in implementing a sustainable SMEs marketing strategy. Keyword: Social media e-WOM, online purchases and online marketing success

Abstract The study introduces the results of a discourses survey mapping the media content and public views on the emergence of a residential community in a northern Finnish city. Three major discourses were seen to be at play in the process. The first of these highlighted communality and envisioned the area as a modern 'village community' where children were to be raised as active citizens. Secondly, the new school for the area was discursively constructed as serving not only this community but piloting new practices for the good of the whole city and even the country. The third discourse foregrounded dependencies between the new locality, the older neighbouring areas and the city centre. The analysis brought to light the diversity of actors and their voices in the long-term community planning process. The discourses survey highlighted the politicians' and citizens' viewpoints on the community planning and building process, showing the complexity of the process and its impact on the daily life of the citizens.

Women and Inequality in a Changing World explores the obstacles women continue to face to their equal participation in all areas of daily life—political, social, and economic—which persist despite the growth in the education of girls, large-scale social movements, and political waves. The volume widens and deepens understanding of women in relation to the inequalities they face, based not only on gender, but also on race, class, religion, and more. It also highlights the progress that women have made, and how this progress contributes to the creation of more peaceful and prosperous societies. This interdisciplinary book brings together leading scholars and practitioners from across the globe to provide a wide range of perspectives and experiences, examine crucial questions, and offer new ideas and innovative solutions to increasing the role of women moving forward. This book will be of great interest to students and scholars of gender studies, women's studies, and political science, as well as practitioners working at the intersection of women and global issues.

Social media apps are useful sources of information. They help us catch up with the activities of friends, news, current affairs, government COVID updates and the latest happenings in celebrity and sport. But during the pandemic, you may have felt you spend too much time on social media. On occasion you may have seen the phrase "social media detox" posted by users who want to stop their social media use entirely for a period of time, presumably because they feel that it's become excessive. With concerns about the frequency of social media use, particularly among young people, allied with language such as "detox", it's no surprise researchers who work in the field of addictions have started to assess whether social media engagement might be an activity which could cross a threshold from frequent use to addictive behaviour. In our new study, we investigated whether people who use social media a lot display one key aspect of addiction – something called an attentional bias.

Diacerein (DCN) was obtained by diacetylation of an anthraquinone derivative rhein and was approved by FDA in 2008, in the treatment of osteoarthritis due to its inhibitory effect on proinflammatory cytokines, including IL-6 and IL-1β. It was synthesized in 1980s and marketed as a tablet in some European Union and Asian countries from 1994. Along with its great potential in the treatment of osteoarthritis, its other applications are also being explored day by day, such as in the treatment of psoriasis, epidermolysis bullosa, breast cancer, type 2 diabetes and periodontitis. The main aim of this review is to explore mechanism of action, various applications and side effects associated with DCN. This has been reviewed that apart from the risk of diarrhea on long-term administration of DCN, various clinical studies has also shown its modest benefits in treatment of various pathological conditions. Hence, DCN is emerging as a new and potentially safe derivative with maximum therapeutic efficacies and minimum side effects which can results in improving the living status of patients suffering from various inflammatory diseases.

Diacerein (DCN) was obtained by diacetylation of an anthraquinone derivative rhein and was approved by FDA in 2008, in the treatment of osteoarthritis due to its inhibitory effect on proinflammatory cytokines, including IL-6 and IL-1β. It was synthesized in 1980s and marketed as a tablet in some European Union and Asian countries from 1994. Along with its great potential in the treatment of osteoarthritis, its other applications are also being explored day by day, such as in the treatment of psoriasis, epidermolysis bullosa, breast cancer, type 2 diabetes and periodontitis. The main aim of this review is to explore mechanism of action, various applications and side effects associated with DCN. This has been reviewed that apart from the risk of diarrhea on long-term administration of DCN, various clinical studies has also shown its modest benefits in treatment of various pathological conditions. Hence, DCN is emerging as a new and potentially safe derivative with maximum therapeutic efficacies and minimum side effects which can results in improving the living status of patients suffering from various inflammatory diseases.

How do intellectual propriety rights (IPRs) help firms profit from their innovation? Innovation literature frequently turns to patents to measure innovative IPR, but more recent work shifts focus to the other side of IPR, namely, trademarks. This article therefore discusses the effects of trademark strategies when companies decide to introduce their product portfolios in a new foreign market. Entrants might opt for a common trademark across different country markets (integration) or use several country-specific trademarks (responsiveness). This empirical study exploits the quasi-natural experiment created by the tariff shock that affected Spain when it joined the European Union in the 1990s. Data from the automotive industry reveal how non-European companies that already operated in other European countries sought to enter Spain rapidly, using various trademark strategies. The product portfolio characteristics are fixed at entry, so this study can specify how and when trademark responsiveness versus integration affects firm performance. The results reveal that trademark responsiveness increases firm performance if the firms suffer high liabilities of foreignness or newness.

Low-income people of color have been shown to experience disproportionate stops, ticketing, and arrests within an order maintenance policing (OMP) approach to urban law enforcement. A small but growing number of studies have begun to explore the complex lived experience of police encounters within this approach—an important task given the significant consequences of such policing for individuals and communities. This article examines qualitative and quantitative data on incidents of discretionary arrest for low-level offenses, with a focus on young people of color. In-depth, semistructured interviews and focus groups, as well as structured interviews outside criminal courts across New York City, were conducted, offering insight into the scope and depth of impact that OMP has on communities of color. The authors' analysis underscores how OMP can shift relationships to public space in ways that foster fear and social isolation, examines the varied responses of young people to an unwanted criminal identity, and suggests the importance of recognizing the cumulative nature of OMP's collateral consequences.