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"Higher education will have increasing importance in channeling human resources to support social development and economic growth but faces resource constraints and competing priorities in ADB's developing member countries (DMCs). Sudden and large shifts of government financing to higher education in DMCs may derail adequate funds for basic and secondary education. It is thus critical that new paradigms be found for financing higher education. With its well-developed framework for planning, project preparation, and analysis, and its excellent track record in education, ADB is well positioned to provide leadership in this important area. This good practice guide focuses on policy options, strategies, and practical tools for identifying and obtaining information to feed into country-specific dialogue concerning funding shortfalls and innovative methods of higher education finance, including partnerships with the private sector. "

"This Supplement should always be used in conjunction with the 1941 School code." ; Cover title. ; Mode of access: Internet.

Chapter 1: Struggles of the Word and the World -- Chapter 2: Formal Education: Alphabets of Reforms and Escape -- Chapter 3: Towards Reconstruction: Education in Post-Colonial India -- Chapter 4: Script and Screenplay: International Actors -- Chapter 5: Education, Migration and the Construction of Transnational Solution Space -- Chapter 6: Transnational Education Action: Claims, Practices and Investments -- Chapter 7: Contexts, Claims and Compulsions: Education Policy in Contemporary India.

PurposeThis article examines the determinants of social equality in the education and healthcare sectors in the 15 post-Soviet states. Focussing on regime type and civil society organisations (CSOs), it argues that countries where liberal principles of democracy are achieved or have a stronger civil society deliver a more equitable social policy.Design/methodology/approachThe empirical analysis rests upon a time-series cross-sectional (TSCS) analysis from 1992 to 2019. Data are collected from the Quality of Government (QoG) Dataset 2020 and the Variates of Democracy (V-DEM) Dataset 2020.FindingsThe findings demonstrate that while regime type only partially accounts for social equality, as electoral autocracies do not have more equitable social policy than close regime types and democracy weakly explains equality levels, the strength of CSOs is associated with more equality.Originality/valueThe article challenges dominant approaches that consider electoral democracy to be related to more equal social policy and demonstrates that de-facto free and fair elections do not impinge on social equality, while the strength of liberal and civil liberties and CSOs correlate with more equitable social policy.

The unprecedented expansion of digital technologies has been likened to nothing less than the efficient spread of a biological virus (Schmidt and Cohen, 2013). The omnipresence of Information Systems and digitally mediated attitudes is now a prominent feature in contemporary society, not the least in education. With many world governments, including Malta, now boasting of well-established and ambitious educational policies that range from pre-school to lifelong learning, a chronological portrayal and Structurational interpretation of an evolving recursive dialogue taking place between socioeconomic influences and inherent qualities of published Maltese ICT educational policies is hereby presented. ; peer-reviewed

Intellectual property (IP) consists of any ideas, concepts, insignias, and symbols that are unique andoriginal to the owner. IP has various broad categories: copyright, trademarks, patents, designs, andother types of information. The concept is best thought of as a bundle of rights protected by law. Tradesecrets, expertise, and know-how, are instances of confidential company information that are alsocovered by IP laws. These ideas and concepts are assets to an organization or country and can beextremely valuable. It has been estimated that IP, as intangible assets, constitutes around 75 percent ofthe assets of publicly-listed U.S. businesses (Economist 2005). Technology-licensing revenues areestimated to amount to $45 billion in the U.S. and over $100 billion (and growing) worldwide. Thisdemonstrates the importance of protecting IP.

AbstractHow do interest groups shape the diffusion of policies they oppose across the states? This study explores this question using the case of teachers' unions and education reform policies. Using a novel dataset on charter, voucher, and performance pay policies spanning 1992–2013, I find evidence that strength of the teachers' unions decreases the likelihood of performance pay and that additional strength is less impactful with more Democratic control of the legislature. Teachers' unions are weakly related to a lack of charter laws and do not impact voucher laws. The latter two policies are more strongly associated with policymaker learning and education reform advocacy groups, respectively. These findings suggest that vested interests most strongly impact the policies that most fundamentally threaten their organizational strength and that this effect is conditioned on the party in power; increases in interest group strength are not necessary when policymakers are already sympathetic.