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Beginning as a Spanish colony to become an independent republic – the 19th century was a pivotal point for Venezuela. Socially, politically, and economically speaking, the changes were numerous, and so were the cultural and artistic manifestations that flourished in those circumstances. One of them will be tackled in this study: music. This paper is a review of one of the richest information sources: the publications of the times. Venezuelan 19th century hemerography contains hundreds of music news on composers and their environment, works, performers, musical institutions, events, concerts, critical reviews, and others of the sort. They are the witness of the events of an epoch. By analyzing them, a partial reconstruction of the Venezuelan music history can be made possible.

This article gives a brief overview on Greek sabre sources with a special focus on Philipp Müller's and Nikolaos Pyrgos' treatises. The article does not aim to give a complete list of treatises neither to analyze the any of the mentioned books in details – rather it aims to give an insight in those two books which might have had the most important impact on the development of the Greek sabre fencing in the 18th and 19th Centuries.

Nineteenth century Ireland falls neatly into two distinct periods: the period preceding and the period following the great famine of 1845–1849. The emigration of women during and after the famine is examined in this article. Changes in marriage and the spread of dowries is analyzed to distinguish between the roles of married and unmarried women. Options other than emigration are highlighted insofar as they constituted "choices" for women which avoided the decision, taken by some two million women, to leave their island home by emigrating.

A condensation of a Chpt of Talmon's forthcoming The High Tide of Political Messianism. The early 19th cent witnessed an outcrop of revolutionary movements in which religious motivations mingled with radical tendencies unleashed by the French Revolution & the Industrial Revolution. France was the center of this unrest, & French Socialism became its chief vehicle during the generation which followed the fall of Napoleon & the restoration of the old regime in 1815. Of the competing Socialist Sch's, that of Henri de Saint-Simon was for a time the most influential; & though its founder died virtually unknown in 1825, his followers played a part in the revolutionary upheaval of 1830, before declining through splits & dissensions into yet another quasi-religious sect. Some aspects of this movement, with special reference to the part played in it by Jewish intellectuals are analyzed. It is Talmon's thesis that the Messianic strain in traditional Jewish thinking accounts for the prominence of recently emancipated Jews among the SaintSimonists, whose doctrine had a religious as well as a pol'al character. J. A. Fishman.