Suchergebnisse

The pervasiveness of food insecurity in sub-Saharan Africa and other developing regions has resulted in increased emigration not only to wealthier countries within the continent but also to developed countries elsewhere in the world. A growing body of research has examined the welfare implications of remittances from international migrants for families left behind. A strand of that literature focuses on the association between international remittances and household food security. We contribute to this body of work by examining the variability of this relationship across three groupings of African countries, based on the World Bank's income classifications. Using data from the Afrobarometer Surveys, our results from an instrumental variable ordered probit regressions reveal that international remittances are positively and significantly correlated with household food security for all three country groupings. After correcting for endogeneity, we find that remittance-receiving households were 83.59 percent, 72.66 percent, and 26.06 percent more likely to report having never gone without enough food to eat in low-income, lower-middle income, and upper-middle income countries in sub-Saharan Africa, respectively. These findings suggest that central governments and policymakers in Africa should reform public policy in a way that strengthens the effectiveness and efficiency of international remittances transfer to reduce food insecurity across the continent.

This case study discusses the design and use of research interviews in conducting a discourse analytic study of the experiences of HIV/AIDS aid workers in South Africa. For many years, research interviews have been a commonly used method of collecting qualitative data. Recently, interviews have come to be seen less as a means for the interviewer to elicit information from the interviewee and instead as conversational encounters that are jointly constructed by the interviewer and interviewee. Even on this changing view, however, the use of interviews to collect qualitative data is a contested issue within discourse analytic research. Some writers argue that research interviews constitute a form of interaction that is markedly different from other forms of interaction, whereas other writers argue that research interviews can be treated as reasonably resembling interactions found elsewhere if the interviewer designs and conducts interviews that allow for appropriate interactional involvement of interviewees. Here, we discuss how the interviewer established working relationships with the participants before conducting the interviews. We examine how the design of this project allowed interviewees to participate meaningfully in the interview interactions as reflected in the data that were jointly produced. We conclude by discussing the advantages of this project design for exploring the experiences of the participants in this case.

The Jews of the Middle East and North Africa on the Eve of World War II -- The Issue of Racism and Opposition to Nazism -- German and Italian Policy and the Issue of Palestine -- The War Begins : The War in the Levant -- The Threat to Palestine -- Iraq and the Farhud in Baghdad -- Vichy in Syria and Lebanon -- Iran and the "Tehran Children" -- The War Continues : The North African Campaign -- Egypt and the Panic of 1942 -- Bombings and Deportations in Libya -- Algeria and "Operation Torch" -- The Nazi SS in Tunisia -- Morocco, Labor Camps and Refugees -- Turkish Neutrality and Refugees -- The War Ends : Epilogue

The PiMA Working Papers are a series of peer-reviewed working papers that present findings and insights from Centre of Governance and Human Rights' (CGHR) Politics and Interactive Media in Africa (PiMA) research project (2012-14). The project, jointly funded by the ESRC and DFID (ES/J018945/1), focuses on expressions of 'public opinion' in broadcast media via new information and communication technologies (ICT) such as mobile phones in Kenya and Zambia. PiMA examines the political implications of such interactions in the two African countries, with a view to drawing conclusions of wider significance to practitioners and policymakers. Series Editors: Sharath Srinivasan, Stephanie Diepeveen. ; To better understand who participates in media-driven public discussion and opinion-making, this working paper presents the results of a randomised household survey implemented in four constituencies in Kenya and Zambia, one urban and one rural constituency in each country. The survey was conducted as part of Politics and Interactive Media in Africa (PiMA), a collaborative research project analysing the nature and political implications of expressions of public opinion in broadcast media in Kenya and Zambia, via new information and communication technologies (ICT) such as mobile phones. This paper presents descriptive survey results that are the basis of a deeper comparative analysis of drivers of listenership and participation in interactive broadcast media shows, also published in the PiMA Working Paper series. Nevertheless, a few results are highlighted here. The survey reveals that level of radio listenership of interactive shows in the two Kenyan constituencies is high, particularly in Kenya, ranging between 80-90%, whereas in Zambia listenership levels range between 40-60%, contrasting with listenership to radio shows generally (70-85%). Radio listeners tend to listen to all types of shows, from politics and development shows to social/cultural and music/entertainment shows. Yet country differences in interactive show listenership are not reflected in the levels of participation in interactive radio shows. Both in Kenya and in Zambia, roughly 20% of the total population have participated at one time or another in interactive shows. However, contrasting with listenership, participation tends to be more segmented across types of shows. Rural and urban constituencies show an inverse pattern of participation in Kenya and Zambia, with higher levels of participation in the urban sample from Zambia (21% versus 12% in the rural), and the rural sample from Kenya (21% versus 19% in the urban). Across the four sites, male and more educated listeners are more likely to engage interactive shows. Three to four times more men engage in interactive shows than women. Of the women who participate in interactive shows, they tend to be younger, single, more educated and wealthier compared with those who do not participate. Calling in to the studio is the most frequent form of engagement in radio shows, especially in rural areas. SMS is more popular in urban constituencies, particularly in Kenya. Only 10% of those who have participated in interactive media shows have ever used social media to communicate with stations. Across all sites, the main barriers to participation identified are cost and expectations of not getting through. ; PiMA was jointly funded by the ESRC and DFID (ES/J018945/1)

This is a conference paper. ; In East Africa, many national governments have adopted a policy of free universal primary education in recognition of the importance of an educated population to support local poverty reduction efforts. Unfortunately, not enough consideration has been paid to the important contribution of clean and healthy school conditions towards better educational achievements. Water and sanitation in schools also have important gender aspects; the absence or inadequacy of these basic services is a major disincentive for many girls to attend school. WaterCan's Clean Water for Schools Program, launched in 2005, has to date assisted more than 10,000 students and teachers at primary schools in East Africa. Using a combination of posters and PowerPoint presentations, WaterCan's Program Director and representatives from local partner organizations working in East Africa, will share their practical experience gained from programming in over 25 primary schools located in various rural and urban contexts in Ethiopia, Kenya and Uganda.

This study aims to investigate whether globalisation promotes economic output in Sub-Saharan African countries in both the short run and the long run. Based on the latest version of the KOF globalisation index, we employ a newly developed bootstrap autoregressive distributed lag model to analyse this question. Compared to the traditional autoregressive distributed lag model, which ignores the degenerate cases, the new approach could avoid spurious cointegration. Results show that globalisation and economic output are positively correlated for most Sub-Saharan African countries, while the causal effect cannot be concluded except for a couple of exceptions. This finding implies that globalisation cannot guarantee an increase in economic output in the long run for most Sub-Saharan African countries. The Granger causality test shows that globalisation leads to economic output for Burundi, Gabon, Rwanda, Senegal and Zambia in the short run. Conversely, economic output leads to globalisation for Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Ghana, Kenya and Senegal. For Senegal, globalisation and economic output mutually determine each other and therefore form a positive spiral development path. Policymakers should be aware of the specific features of different economies in making sound globalisation policies to avoid the underlying adverse effects of global integration.

This is the story of the shadowy Intelligence Division of the British War Office and its unsung role in the formation of the Victorian Empire and imperial policy-making from Asia to Africa. With its focus on the heady days between the Crimean War and the establishment of MI5 and MI6 in the early years of the twentieth century, Under Every Leaf tells how Britain was well served by an extensive and sophisticated secret intelligence service which few even knew existed - then or now. Drawing from an encyclopaedic array of primary and little-known sources, Under Every Leaf is a rollicking good read

Finland, South Korea and the state of North Carolina in the United States are three systems that successfully have harnessed higher education in their economic development initiatives. Common to the success of the all these systems is, amongst others, the link between economic and education planning, quality public schooling, high tertiary participation rates with institutional differentiation, labour market demand, cooperation and networks, and consensus about the importance of higher education for development. Linking higher education and economic development: Implications for Africa from three successful systems draws together evidence on the three systems, synthesises the key findings, and distils the implications for African countries.

Unlike previous studies in the field of foreign aid and political interests, which have focused primarily on the United States's attempt to gain political support at the United Nations (UN) through foreign aid, this article focuses on the correlation between the foreign aid provided by Israel to seven African countries and those countries' voting patterns in the UN with regard to Israel affairs. This research argues that foreign aid is a key instrument in Israel's effort to strengthen its ties in Africa. Its findings highlight a positive correlation between foreign aid and political support, as expressed by African countries' voting patterns at the UN.

Does the arrival of fast Internet in Africa have an impact on the level of political information of voters and thus on voting behavior? Using a difference-in-differences approach, this paper examines the effects of the introduction of high-speed Internet in Kenya in 2009 on electoral outcomes. The results show that voter turnout in the subsequent parliamentary election in-creased by almost 3 percentage points due to treatment, suggesting a higher level of political information. There is some evidence for a positive effect on the vote share of the incumbent party and no evidence for an effect on the share of invalid votes.

This article takes a brief look at two indicators of the state of reconciliation in South Africa, provided by the National Planning Commission of the Government, as well as the South African Reconciliation Barometer survey, initiated by the Institute for Justice and Reconciliation. This is followed by a description of some theological efforts that have been made to outline spaces for cultural inter-facing within the South African context, and the article is concluded with a reference to the tension between the syndrome of 'enclavement', and the theological metaphor of 'embracement', as proposed by Miroslav Volf. doi:10.7833/111-1-31