Suchergebnisse

Of late years, changes in the social-economic situation in Lithuania are fast, however, according to separate macroeconomic indices Lithuania is still significantly behind the average of the EU countries. To decrease these discrepancies, the EU grants a structural support the use of which is anticipated to establish a strong and competitive economy, to train qualified labour force and stimulate social and economic cohesion. The efficient and expedient use of the EU support would enable Lithuania to implement the national Lisbon strategy programme and contribute to the implementation of the Lisbon strategy guidelines. However, investigations showed that the use of the support is not efficient enough to secure the due progress of the country. The article analyses the aspects of the EU regional policy financing and the expected results of implementing the Lisbon strategy actions; it analyses the economic, social, environmental, and other indices of the economies of Lithuania and the EU countries and assesses the result of the country's progress in implementing the Lisbon strategy. A research of the expedience of using the EU structural support and its impact on the country's progress was carried out. The research has shown that about two thirds of the measures correspond to the national programme for implementing the Lisbon strategy, but only few indicators have a complex influence on the progress indices. Therefore, while preparing the programmes of the EU support use for 2007-2013 and coordinating them with the EU Commission, a better harmonization of this support use measures with the national programme for implementing the Lisbon strategy is necessary, and the measures should implemented in a complex manner, as well as the horizontal compatibility of the measures should be maintained.

Of late years, changes in the social-economic situation in Lithuania are fast, however, according to separate macroeconomic indices Lithuania is still significantly behind the average of the EU countries. To decrease these discrepancies, the EU grants a structural support the use of which is anticipated to establish a strong and competitive economy, to train qualified labour force and stimulate social and economic cohesion. The efficient and expedient use of the EU support would enable Lithuania to implement the national Lisbon strategy programme and contribute to the implementation of the Lisbon strategy guidelines. However, investigations showed that the use of the support is not efficient enough to secure the due progress of the country. The article analyses the aspects of the EU regional policy financing and the expected results of implementing the Lisbon strategy actions; it analyses the economic, social, environmental, and other indices of the economies of Lithuania and the EU countries and assesses the result of the country's progress in implementing the Lisbon strategy. A research of the expedience of using the EU structural support and its impact on the country's progress was carried out. The research has shown that about two thirds of the measures correspond to the national programme for implementing the Lisbon strategy, but only few indicators have a complex influence on the progress indices. Therefore, while preparing the programmes of the EU support use for 2007-2013 and coordinating them with the EU Commission, a better harmonization of this support use measures with the national programme for implementing the Lisbon strategy is necessary, and the measures should implemented in a complex manner, as well as the horizontal compatibility of the measures should be maintained.

International audience ; Participation in decision-making may be seen from different angles: as a principle that requires public demands to be considered through a process of public involvement; or, as a finality in the process of empowerment of local actors involved in sustainable development. A third view is to consider participation as a mechanism of governance that enhances the State's adaptiveness to social changes. In forest policy, participation was introduced in connection with the international debate on sustainability as a means for taking on board social considerations in policy formulation. Conflicting visions of forest management, together with competing demands on forests as between community vs. conventional timber production needs create specific challenges for participatory processes in forest management and governance. The importance of social sustainability of decisions relating to forest management determines the types and modes of participation in different cultural, economic and political contexts. The governance perspective, based on mechanisms rather than norms, promotes the establishment of actors' networks or partnerships. Some of these new configurations consolidate the positions of the more powerful stakeholders, while others, on the contrary, promote greater equity by redistributing power between participants. ; La participation dans la prise de décision peut être abordée de plusieurs points de vue : comme principe d'abord, lorsque les demandes sont considérées comme devant être intégrées à un processus d'association à la décision publique ; comme finalité ensuite, dans un processus de responsabilisation des acteurs pour promouvoir le développement durable ; une troisième conception enfin consiste à considérer la participation comme un mécanisme de gouvernance, qui doit conduire à une meilleure adaptation de l'État aux changements sociaux. En forêt, la participation a été introduite à partir du débat international sur la durabilité, comme moyen de prendre en compte les aspects ...

Of late years, changes in the social-economic situation in Lithuania are fast, however, according to separate macroeconomic indices Lithuania is still significantly behind the average of the EU countries. To decrease these discrepancies, the EU grants a structural support the use of which is anticipated to establish a strong and competitive economy, to train qualified labour force and stimulate social and economic cohesion. The efficient and expedient use of the EU support would enable Lithuania to implement the national Lisbon strategy programme and contribute to the implementation of the Lisbon strategy guidelines. However, investigations showed that the use of the support is not efficient enough to secure the due progress of the country. The article analyses the aspects of the EU regional policy financing and the expected results of implementing the Lisbon strategy actions; it analyses the economic, social, environmental, and other indices of the economies of Lithuania and the EU countries and assesses the result of the country's progress in implementing the Lisbon strategy. A research of the expedience of using the EU structural support and its impact on the country's progress was carried out. The research has shown that about two thirds of the measures correspond to the national programme for implementing the Lisbon strategy, but only few indicators have a complex influence on the progress indices. Therefore, while preparing the programmes of the EU support use for 2007-2013 and coordinating them with the EU Commission, a better harmonization of this support use measures with the national programme for implementing the Lisbon strategy is necessary, and the measures should implemented in a complex manner, as well as the horizontal compatibility of the measures should be maintained.

Of late years, changes in the social-economic situation in Lithuania are fast, however, according to separate macroeconomic indices Lithuania is still significantly behind the average of the EU countries. To decrease these discrepancies, the EU grants a structural support the use of which is anticipated to establish a strong and competitive economy, to train qualified labour force and stimulate social and economic cohesion. The efficient and expedient use of the EU support would enable Lithuania to implement the national Lisbon strategy programme and contribute to the implementation of the Lisbon strategy guidelines. However, investigations showed that the use of the support is not efficient enough to secure the due progress of the country. The article analyses the aspects of the EU regional policy financing and the expected results of implementing the Lisbon strategy actions; it analyses the economic, social, environmental, and other indices of the economies of Lithuania and the EU countries and assesses the result of the country's progress in implementing the Lisbon strategy. A research of the expedience of using the EU structural support and its impact on the country's progress was carried out. The research has shown that about two thirds of the measures correspond to the national programme for implementing the Lisbon strategy, but only few indicators have a complex influence on the progress indices. Therefore, while preparing the programmes of the EU support use for 2007-2013 and coordinating them with the EU Commission, a better harmonization of this support use measures with the national programme for implementing the Lisbon strategy is necessary, and the measures should implemented in a complex manner, as well as the horizontal compatibility of the measures should be maintained.

Editorial: ; Continuan los cambios. ; Aguilera, Oscar ; Presentación ; Las ; miradas de las ciencias humanas. ; Reflections upon the social sciences. ; Silva, Alejandrina ; Damnificados, ; desplazados y colonos. ; Disaster victims displaced and re-settled. ; Morales, Nelson ; Interpretación ; antropológica del mal en la sociedad wayuu. ; An anthropological interpretation of evil in wayuu society. ; Segovia, Yanet ; Elementos ; léxicos y construcción de identidad en el español de Venezuela. ; Lexical elements and formation of identity in venezuelan spanish. ; Ramos, Elvira ; Clientelismo ; y mismidad conflictuada en una comunidad negro-venezolana en un fin de siglo. ; Political favors and sameness of identity in conflict - research within ; a black community in Venezuela at the turn of the 20th century. ; Altez, Yara ; La ; reproducción del desarraigo y las identidades colectivas en la vida cotidiana. ; Alienation and collective identity in everyday life. ; Silva, Alejandrina ; Los ; fundamentalismos religiosos: etapas y contextos de surgimiento. ; Religious fundamentalism: stages and origins. ; Caro, Isaac y Fediakova, Evguenia ; Cultura, ; ética y folklore. ; Culture, ethics and folklore. ; Jáuregui, Ramón M. ; Las ; organizaciones de productores agrícolas en el marco del proceso de globalización ; económica. ; Agricultural peasant organizations in the economic globalization process. ; García Lobo, Ligia ; La ; medicina popular en Venezuela como alternativa al sistema de salud de una ; modernidad en crisis. ; Popular medicine in Venezuela as an option to the defunct public health ; system. ; Pino de Casanova, Malin ; Los ; rostros y los efectos del medicamento. Un análisis socio-cultural. ; Diverse aspects of medication: a socio-cultural analysis. ; Méndez P., María ; Explorando la ciudad ; La ; ciudad como objeto de conocimiento y enseñanza en las ciencias sociales. ; The city as knowledge and teaching subject in the social sciences. ; Aranguren R., Carmen ; Reseñas. ; 377 - 379 ; odagui@ula.ve ; trimestral ; Nivel analítico

The process of disarmament, demobilization, reinsertion and reintegration (DDRR) of former combatants plays a critical role in transitions from war to peace. The success or failure of this endeavour directly affects the long-term peacebuilding prospects for any post-conflict society. The exploration of the closely interwoven relationship between peacebuilding and the DDRR process also provides a theoretical framework for this article, which aims to present an assessment of various disarmament, demobilization and reinsertion (DDR) programmes planned or implemented in a number of countries over the last two decades. The assessment is conducted by focusing on three specific DDR issues: disarmament as a social contract; demobilization without cantonment; and the relevance of financial reinsertion assistance. The majority of these initiatives adopted a 'guns–camps–cash' approach that seems to provide only a limited perspective for dealing with a wide range of complex issues related to the DDR process. Therefore, the article questions whether there is a need for a more comprehensive consideration of disarmament by acknowledging and responding to its social, economic and political implications. In conjunction with the above-mentioned consideration, disarmament in terms of a social contract is proposed as an alternative to the current military-centred approach. Experience also indicates a tendency towards the inclusion of cantonment in the demobilization phase, regardless of whether it actually can have some negative impacts on the DDRR process in general. Subsequently, the article questions such implications and possible approaches to demobilization without cantonment. Finally, the article focuses on the effectiveness of cash payments during reinsertion as an easier alternative to the provision of other material assistance, since this tends to be the most controversial aspect of the reinsertion phase.

During the 1980's, the San Francisco Mime Troupe's original plays, utilizing the popular elements of satire and Western melodrama, critiqued the conservative rhetoric of the Reagan Administration's policies by articulating common real-life concerns over such issues as unemployment, homelessness, and government corruption. Principal Playwright Joan Holden's framing of social actions within the melodrama form allow her plays to be enjoyed by diverse audiences because they contain elements of comedy, romance, and action/adventure. As depicted in most of these plays, female subjugation is an aspect of social injustice. The actions of the female characters in four of Holden's scripts in the 1980's portray women as ordinary citizens in a capitalist, patriarchal society, whose work to instigate social change by organized, cooperative action crosses economic, racial, and class lines and in whose interest the general, human interest is serνed. ; Κατά τη δεκαετία του 1980 τα πρωτότυπα έργα της ομάδας San Francisco Mime Troupe, χρησιμοποιώντας τα λαϊκά στοιχεία της σάτιρας και του Δυτικού μελο­δράματος, κατέκρινε τη συντηρητική ρητορική της πολιτικής του Ρήγκαν, αρθρώ­νοντας κοινό καθημερινό ενδιαφέρον για θέματα όπως η ανεργία, η έλλειψη στέγης και η κυβερνητική διαφθορά. Η τοποθέτηση κοινωνικών πράξεων μέσα στη φόρμα του μελοδράματος από την κυριότερη δραματουργό του θιάσου, τη Joan Holden, επιτρέπει στα έργα της να είναι αρεστά σε ποικίλα ακροατήρια, διότι περιέχουν στοιχεία κωμωδίας, ρομάντζου και δράσης / περιπέτειας. Όπως σκιαγραφείται στα περισσό­τερα απ' αυτά τα έργα, η γυναικεία υποταγή είναι μια όψη κοινωνικής αδικίας. Οι πράξεις των γυναικείων χαρακτήρων, σε τέσσερα από αυτά τα κείμενα της Holden της δεκαετίας του 1980, παρουσιάζουν τις γυναίκες να επιφέρουν κοινωνική αλλαγή δια μέσου οργανωμένης δράσης / συνεργασίας που ξεπερνά τα οικονομικά, φυλετικά και ταξικά όρια και αγγίζει το γενικό ανθρώπινο συμφέρον.

This document explains and evaluates the strategy adopted and the experience gathered by the Joint Commission for the Development of Quality Assurance for Medical Care, for accreditation and categorization of health care establishments. This Commission is a non governmental and non profit making institution formed by representatives of 12 Scientific Entities, Social Welfare (Social Security) and Union of Private Health Care Stablishments, which is giving strength to a volunteer Accreditation Programme in establishments. The promotion of the programme has allowed to evaluate different aspects of the mentioned problematic. Among them: a) Primary Evaluation of Establishments, observing a high influence of small establishments that do not fulfill the basic requirements, b) the need to differentiate between establishments concerning their risks and complexity and c) development of the accreditation manual which has the application methodology and the standards agreed. ; En el presente documento se expone y evalúa la experiencia—recogida en el seno de la Comisión Mixta para el Desarrollo de la Calidad de la Atención Médica de la Argentina—sobre la acreditación y la categorización de establecimientos asistenciales. Esta Comisión es un organismo no gubernamental, no lucrativo, integrado por representantes de 12 sociedades científicas, de la seguridad social y de la Confederación de Clínicas, Sanatorios y Hospitales Privados, la cual impulsa un programa de acreditación voluntaria de establecimientos. El avance del programa ha permitido evaluar distintos aspectos de la problemática mencionada, entre ellos: a) la evaluación primaria de establecimientos, observándose una alta incidencia de establecimientos pequeños que no cumplen con exigencias básicas; b) la necesidad de diferenciar establecimientos según complejidad y riesgo; y, c) la elaboración de un manual de acreditación que contiene la metodología de aplicación y los estándares aceptados.

L'analyse micro‐sociologique de la vie et du langage d'une communauté démontre non seulement que tout phénomène social, manifeste ou non, prend forme dans le cadre d'un modèle, mais aussi que la modélisation de ces phénomènes tend àêtre homologue, ou du moins congruente, au sein de tout système auto‐défini. Le Canada en est un parfait exemple. Derrière une apparence uniforme d 'américanisme', on trouve dans ce pays un ensemble développé et coherent de contre‐messages qui suggère, plus que la presence, l'omniprésence d'un fond unique de structuration iconique. Cette structuration imprègne tous les aspects du tissu social ‐ des contes folkloriques au comportement politique. La façon dont les Canadiens conceptualisent, codifient et expriment leur monde est ainsi non seulement influencée, mais aussi limitée. Images de confinement en art, symbolisme de la maison en littérature, une obsession des limites humaines à la fois sociales et corporelles, indiquent une preoccupation pour frontières, murs et bordures ‐ pour le point de contact entre soi et autre.Arguing for culture‐specific cognitive imprinting, this paper examines the kinship between Erving Goffman's discursive practices/preferences and the aesthetic strategies preferentially employed by Canadian artists and poets. Far from being idiosyncratic, it claims, Goffman's implied identification with the stigmatized, his preoccupation with role maintenance and modes of mediation, his vision of the world as strange and threatening, even his much commented upon reluctance to theorize, can be seen as natural concomitants of the centripetal orientation which is diagnostic of the Canadian psychotype. It concludes by suggesting that the same pattern of response can be seen in the work of numerous other Canadian scholars including Harold Innis, Northrop Frye, and Marshall McLuhan.

The article attempts at juddgement of roots of Polish crises taking the international conditioning into consideration. There are variants of forecasts for the eighties formulated, on the grounds of the observed tendencies in the aspect of evolution of social and economic system and the cooperation with the West. Two regressive "paths" are distinguished which require substantial curbing; of links with the West as well as two progressive ones implying further inflow of accumulation of outside from the West. The variant resting on the assumption of extrapolating main trends of seventies is considered by the author to be the most probable. It involves also the tendency of further structural hybridization without removing the main reasons of inefficiency of the economic system i.e. lack of correct political verification of macroeconomic decisions and lack of mechanism of optimum investment allocation and motivation system. There is also a forecasting variant presented which implies a reduction of social antagonisms by means of the national compromise providing facilities for a transition to the real national State organized according to the rules of inclusive socialism (including a society in the process of exercising political and economic power). These rules should capacitate creation of the new economic model different from the Hungarian and Yugoslavian ones, which in the opinion of the author, do not ensure a correct utilization of external and internal accumulation and are likely to induce crises. Yet, this forecasting variant (labelled the path 4) is considered by the author to be the least probable on account of the adverse structure of social powers and a lack of practical experience. ; Digitalizacja i deponowanie archiwalnych zeszytów RPEiS sfinansowane przez MNiSW w ramach realizacji umowy nr 541/P-DUN/2016

The differences which have characterized various marxist analyses of the state are to a large extent due to an inability to envisage simultaneously the four major levels of reality of the state, that is:

The state defined as a 'developed form of the socialization of the process of production'.
The state as instrument of domination and hegemony at the service of the dominant class.
The state as the place of confrontation and unstable balance between antagonistic social classes.
Finally, the state as a place of rupture or transition between a declining dominant class and a rising dominated class—to take up Gramsci's formulation.

Applied to the analysis of urban capitalist policies, such a dialectical method should enable one to grasp, in all its contradictory aspects, the intervention of the capitalist state in the process of production‐consumption. Instead of opposing or isolating these four levels of analysis, it should on the contrary lead to demonstrating how the state apparatus can be understood at the same time as:

Process of financing and spatial organization of the means of collective consumption.
Process of social segregation at the profit of the dominant class.
The place of confrontation between classes with antagonistic interests, confrontation being the result of political concessions to the dominated classes, the nature of these concessions—their real impact—varying according to the historical period considered, and consequently according to the margin of economic manœuvre available to the capitalist class.
The place of formation of a counter‐hegemony which will produce a revolutionary social movement made up of a new rising class, which will bring with it a new urbanistic model as well as a new project of society.

The tribunicial function and the Créditiste group in the Quebec National Assembly, 1970–3An analysis of the attitudes and behaviour of the Créditiste group since its first appearance in Quebec's National Assembly (1970–3) has two interesting aspects. First, it clarifies the Créditiste phenomenon, supporting the conclusions arrived at in a study conducted by Vera Murray. This study held that the RCQ was distinguished by the exercise of a specific function, namely, the defence and representation of the interests of underprivileged social classes. This is a function which Georges Lavau has described as tribunicial. We intend to show that the Créditiste members, in spite of the internal splits in the party during the leadership of Camil Samson and Armand Bois, have clearly fulfilled a protective function on behalf of "proletarian social elements" in the political system.The election of Yvon Dupuis to head the party in February 1973 inaugurated the progressive abandonment of this specific role, which had characterized the RCQ until then on Quebec's political chessboard, in favour of the function of providing governmental alternatives. Second, this study enables us to clarify and to distinguish between certain points in regard to the tribunicial function and the function of providing alternatives, used by Georges Lavau. In our opinion, the case of the RCQ is a much purer illustration of the tribunicial function than is the case of the PCF.In brief, the essence of the tribunicial function is the use of social criticism – not political criticism – based on the defence of underprivileged classes and revolving around the detailed denunciation of the political establishment. The tribunicial function also displays very little interest in the discussion or elaboration of a program of wholesale reform.

The relative stability of many rates of suicide, particularly those of national groups, has for a long time been of interest to sociologists. Durkheim (1952), an early and major writer on suicide, used the fact of relative stability as an argument for the existence of a social dimension to individuals' actions, even such an apparently personal action as suicide (Cresswell, 1972). Durkheim argued that each nation had a collective tendency towards suicide such that, providing the circumstances of the nation did not change in any essential way, its suicide rate also would not change. His followers, taking this sort of position as given, have related suicide rates to components of social structure or culture of the groups to which the rates refer (e.g. Gibbs & Martin, 1964). Such a procedure implies a relationship, not necessarily a specifically causal one, between suicide and the various aspects of society with which it is correlated. For the procedure to be potentially valid two major conditions must hold good. The first is that the aggregate numbers of 'suicides' which are used to compile suicide rates do actually represent the real number of suicidal deaths in a given population over a given period of time. This pre-supposes, of course, that some deaths have defining characteristics in their manner of occurrence which clearly demarcate them as suicide; given this, the problem is one of identification rather than of definition. The second condition is that since suicide rates are compiled from individual deaths, it should be possible to posit, if not actually demon-strate, a relationship between the social or cultural influences which are supposed to generate stable rates of suicide and the individual instances of suicide.

Book reviewed in this article:Beijer, G. (1963), Rural Migrants in Urban Setting. An analysis of the literature on the problem consequent on the internal migration from rural to urban areas in 12 European countries ‐ 1945–1961.Bertrand, A. L. (Ed.) (1958), Rural Sociology, An Analysis of Contemporary Rural Life.Rogers, E. M. (1960), Social Change in Rural Society, A Textbook in Rural Sociology.Slocum, W. L. (1962), Agricultural Sociology, A study of Sociological Aspects of American Farm Life.Bertrand, A. L. & F. L. Corty, eds. (1962), Rural Land Tenure in the United States (Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press).Petrini, F. (1961), Landsbygdssociologi, en orientering.Planck, U. (1962), Die sozialen und ökonomischen Verhältnisse in einem iranischen Dorf (Forschungsberichte des Landes Nordrhcin‐Westfalen Nr. 1021).Bauern und Landarbeiter (Farmers and Farm Labourers), (1960) Schriftenreihe für länd‐liche Sozialfragen, Heft 31.Maris, A. & R. Rijneveld, Eds. (1963), Landbouw en platteland in een stroomversnelling.Krier, H. (1961), Rural Manpower and Industrial Development.Baribichon, G. (1962), Adaptation and training of rural workers for industrial work, Coordination of research.Family Living Studies, A Symposium (1961).Friedi, Ernestine (1962), Vasilika.ST. John Thomas, D. (1965), The Rural Transport Problem.Newman, J. (1965), Limerick Rural Survey, Fourth Interim Report ‐ Social provision and rural centrality.Abma, E. (1962), Leiding en leden in landbouwcoöperaties.Bergsma, R. (1963), Op weg naar een nieuw cultuurpatroon. Studie van de reactic op het nieuwe cultuurpatroon in de Dokkumer Wouden.Purohit, B. D. (1963), The Economic Implications of Human Ability on Finnish Bookkeeping Farms.Eskola, A. (1963), Maalaiset ja kaupunkilaiset.Chombart de lauwe, J. (1961), Les Paysans Sovietiques.Beddegenoodts, M. (1963), De sociale toestand van de landbouwersstand in Vlaanderen.Morgen, H. und Mitarbeiter (1959), Die landliche Grossgemeinde ‐ im Verwaltungs‐bezirk Oldenburg.Morgen, H. und Mitarbeiter (1963), Die landliche Kleingemeinde ‐ in Nordwestdeutsch‐Iand.International Review of Community Development, no 1–10, 1958–1962. Editor Albert Meister.