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In this article, I focus on carbon capture and storage (CCS), a controversial climate change mitigation technology that operates by collecting carbon dioxide from point sources and depositing it in underground locations, such as depleting oil reservoirs. Specifically, I investigate the ways in which certain CCS professionals imagine and demand a reconceptualization of carbon dioxide: not as waste or as dangerous material that should be taxed and exchanged in carbon markets, but as a neutral gas that can be bought and sold as a commodity, and perhaps used as a drilling additive for the oil and gas industry. CCS professionals suggest that carbon dioxide has multiple legal, political, and chemical meanings and existences across different points on a CCS network, and they acknowledge how this condition makes it difficult to produce the molecule as a commodity characterized by exchange and commensurability. In studying the commodification of carbon dioxide, I show how these professionals do not intend to create "sameness" across the market, but instead wish to commodify the molecule through "linking" various versions of carbon dioxide together. By tracking carbon dioxide as it moves within a CCS network, I explore the moral logics of CCS technologies, which obscure how energy‐intensive models of life triggered climate change in the first place.

Intro -- Contents -- 1 Overview of Greenhouse Gases and Global Warming -- Abstract -- 1.1 Evidence for Climate Change -- 1.1.1 Extreme Extremes -- 1.1.2 El Nino -- 1.1.3 Biological Systems -- 1.1.4 Water Cycle -- 1.2 CO2 as a Greenhouse Gas -- 1.2.1 Increase in Emissions -- 1.3 Actions to Reduce CO2 Emission -- 1.4 Mitigation Techniques -- 1.4.1 Land Management Practices -- 1.4.2 Biochar Sequestration -- 1.4.3 Energy Efficiency -- 1.4.4 Alternative Energy Sources -- 1.4.4.1 Natural Gas -- 1.4.4.2 Biomass Combustion -- 1.4.4.3 Fuel Cells -- 1.4.4.4 Biomass to Liquid Automotive Fuel -- 1.4.4.5 Cellulosic Ethanol -- 1.5 Conclusion -- References -- 2 Overview of CO2 Capture Technology -- Abstract -- 2.1 Rationale for CO2 Capture Technology -- 2.2 Research on Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) -- 2.3 Carbon Capture Processes in Power Plants -- 2.3.1 Pre-combustion -- 2.3.2 Oxy-fuel Combustion -- 2.3.3 Post-combustion -- 2.4 CO2 Capture Technology at Different Stages -- 2.5 Selection of Capture Technology -- 2.5.1 Absorbents -- 2.5.2 Adsorbents -- 2.5.3 Cryogenic Distillation -- 2.5.4 Membranes -- 2.5.5 Gas Hydrates -- 2.5.6 Chemical Looping -- 2.6 Carbon Capture Process in Power Plant Applications -- 2.6.1 Iron and Steel Production -- 2.6.2 Cement Production -- 2.6.3 Purification of Natural Gas Streams -- 2.7 Transport and Storage of CO2 -- 2.7.1 Transport -- 2.7.2 Storage -- 2.8 Conclusion -- References -- 3 Adsorbents for CO2 Capture -- Abstract -- 3.1 Adsorbents Overview -- 3.2 Determining the Feasibility for CO2 Capture -- 3.2.1 Screening Adsorbents -- 3.2.2 Properties that Are Screened for -- 3.2.2.1 Surface Area -- 3.2.2.2 Pore Size -- 3.2.2.3 Electrostatic Interactions -- 3.2.2.4 Gravimetric CO2 Uptake -- 3.2.2.5 Volumetric Capacity -- 3.2.2.6 Heat of Formation -- 3.2.2.7 Gas Selectivity -- 3.2.3 Langmuir Isotherm -- 3.3 Organic Adsorbents.

Despite extensive efforts, greenhouse gases continue to be emitted in vastamounts, with potentially devastating consequences around the world. This iswhy targeted interventions in the climate system, known collectively as 'climateengineering', are receiving increased attention. Proposed approaches are oftendivided into two groups: those intended to remove carbon dioxide from theatmosphere and those intended to reduce the amount of solar energy that reachesthe Earth's surface or is trapped in the atmosphere. There are some similaritiesbetween the two classes of activities, but they often raise different physical,political, and governance concerns. This series provides an introduction to eachset of approaches.

To manage greenhouse gas emissions, directives on renewable energy usage have been developed by the European Commission with the objective to reduce overall emissions by 40% by 2030 which presents a significant potential for renewable energy sources. At the same time, it is a challenge for these energy technologies which can only be solved by integrated solutions. Carbon capture and storage combined with geothermal energy could serve as a novel approach to reduce CO2 emissions and at the same time facilitate some of the negative impacts associated with fossil fuel-based power plants. This study focuses on the technical and economic feasibility of combining these technologies based on a published model, data and market research. In the European Union, Germany is the most energy intensive country, and it also has an untapped potential for geothermal energy in the northern as well as the western regions. The CO2 plume geothermal system using supercritical carbon dioxide as the working fluid can be utilized in natural high porosity (10–20%) and permeability (2.5 × 10−14–8.4 × 10−16 m2) reservoirs with temperatures as low as 65.8 ◦C. The feasibility of the project was assessed based on market conditions and policy support in Germany as well as the geologic background of sandstone reservoirs near industrialized areas (Dortmund, Frankfurt) and the possibility of carbon capture integration and CO2 injection. The levelized cost of electricity for a base case results in € 0.060/kWh. Optimal system type was assessed in a system optimization model. The project has a potential to supply 6600/12000 households with clean energy (electricity/heat) and sequester carbon dioxide at the same time. A trading scheme for carbon dioxide further expands potential opportunities.

To manage greenhouse gas emissions, directives on renewable energy usage have been developed by the European Commission with the objective to reduce overall emissions by 40% by 2030 which presents a significant potential for renewable energy sources. At the same time, it is a challenge for these energy technologies which can only be solved by integrated solutions. Carbon capture and storage combined with geothermal energy could serve as a novel approach to reduce CO2 emissions and at the same time facilitate some of the negative impacts associated with fossil fuel-based power plants. This study focuses on the technical and economic feasibility of combining these technologies based on a published model, data and market research. In the European Union, Germany is the most energy intensive country, and it also has an untapped potential for geothermal energy in the northern as well as the western regions. The CO2 plume geothermal system using supercritical carbon dioxide as the working fluid can be utilized in natural high porosity (10&ndash ; 20%) and permeability (2.5 × ; 10&minus ; 14&ndash ; 8.4 × ; 10&minus ; 16 m2) reservoirs with temperatures as low as 65.8 ° ; C. The feasibility of the project was assessed based on market conditions and policy support in Germany as well as the geologic background of sandstone reservoirs near industrialized areas (Dortmund, Frankfurt) and the possibility of carbon capture integration and CO2 injection. The levelized cost of electricity for a base case results in &euro ; 0.060/kWh. Optimal system type was assessed in a system optimization model. The project has a potential to supply 6600/12000 households with clean energy (electricity/heat) and sequester carbon dioxide at the same time. A trading scheme for carbon dioxide further expands potential opportunities.

A carbon capture and use (CCU) strategy was applied to organic synthesis. Carbon dioxide (CO2) captured directly from exhaust gas was used for organic transformations as efficiently as hyper-pure CO2 gas from a commercial source, even for highly air-and moisture-sensitive reactions. The CO2 capturing aqueous ethanolamine solution could be recycled continuously without any diminished reaction efficiency. ; This work was supported by the Korea CCS R&D Center (grant number NRF-2013M1A8A1035844) and Institute for Basic Science (IBS), funded by the Korea government (Ministry of Science, ICT & Future Planning) ; OAIID:oai:osos.snu.ac.kr:snu2014-01/102/2011005261/1 ; SEQ:1 ; PERF_CD:SNU2014-01 ; EVAL_ITEM_CD:102 ; USER_ID:2011005261 ; ADJUST_YN:Y ; EMP_ID:A078745 ; DEPT_CD:3343 ; CITE_RATE:13.734 ; DEPT_NM:화학부 ; SCOPUS_YN:Y ; CONFIRM:Y