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Since the 1990s, Spain has had to face an immigration phenomenon until then unknown. This is the immigration of unaccompanied foreign minors. This newest category of immigrants has specific characteristics compared to displacement of adults. Mainly, they are children who arrive to Spain without the company of their parents or legal guardian. After recognizing this situation, it is interesting to verify the national and international legal treatment granted, considering also the medical tests performed to verify age, resulting in one of the main problems affectingall their legal treatment.

"In 2014, the arrest and detention of thousands of desperate young migrants at the southwest border of the United States exposed the U.S. government's shadowy juvenile detention system, which had escaped public scrutiny for years. This book tells the story of six Central American and Mexican children who are driven from their homes by violence and deprivation, and who embark alone, risking their lives, on the perilous journey north. They suffer coercive arrests at the U.S. border, then land in detention, only to be caught up in the battle to obtain legal status. Whose Child Am I? looks inside a vast, labyrinthine system by documenting in detail the experiences of these youths, beginning with their arrest by immigration authorities, their subsequent placement in federal detention, followed by their appearance in deportation proceedings and release from custody, and, finally, ending with their struggle to build new lives in the United States. This book shows how the U.S. government got into the business of detaining children and what we can learn from this troubled history"--Provided by publisher

"In 2014, the arrest and detention of thousands of desperate young migrants at the southwest border of the United States exposed the U.S. government's shadowy juvenile detention system, which had escaped public scrutiny for years. This book tells the story of six Central American and Mexican children who are driven from their homes by violence and deprivation, and who embark alone, risking their lives, on the perilous journey north. They suffer coercive arrests at the U.S. border, then land in detention, only to be caught up in the battle to obtain legal status. Whose Child Am I? looks inside a vast, labyrinthine system by documenting in detail the experiences of these youths, beginning with their arrest by immigration authorities, their subsequent placement in federal detention, followed by their appearance in deportation proceedings and release from custody, and, finally, ending with their struggle to build new lives in the United States. This book shows how the U.S. government got into the business of detaining children and what we can learn from this troubled history"--Provided by publisher

In 2014, the arrest and detention of thousands of desperate young migrants at the southwest border of the United States exposed the U.S. government's shadowy juvenile detention system, which had escaped public scrutiny for years. This book tells the story of six Central American and Mexican children who are driven from their homes by violence and deprivation, and who embark alone, risking their lives, on the perilous journey north. They suffer coercive arrests at the U.S. border, then land in detention, only to be caught up in the battle to obtain legal status. Whose Child Am I? looks inside a

The United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC) and its Optional Protocols provide the basis for establishing effective mechanisms to address the multifaceted challenges faced by States and other actors, including regional organizations, in ensuring that children are able to access and enjoy their rights. Article 3 of the CRC states that "in all actions concerning children, whether undertaken by public or private social welfare institutions, courts of law, administrative authorities or legislative bodies, the best interests of the child shall be a primary consideration". This principle is of particular relevance to the situation of migrant children, including unaccompanied migrant children, in regular or irregular situations that are the focus of this study. This study reviews judicial decisions from the CJEU and the ECtHR and from selected European national courts, which apply the principle of the best interests of the child to cases involving migrant children in irregular situations, including unaccompanied and separated children. The selected cases are meant to be illustrative of the type of issues that are raised before national courts and of the way in which these courts interpret their obligation under Article 3 of the CRC to treat the best interests of the child as a primary consideration. Finally, the study identifies a number of relevant cases which explicitly refer to the best interests of the child and that may serve as good practice in guiding future jurisprudence throughout Europe. ; Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights Regional Office for ...

In 2015, the total number of refugees in the world reached 21.3 million. Over half of these were children. And the majority of these minors were unaccompanied, traveling alone without their family, trying to find a safer place to continue their lives. The Norwegian government is obligated to protect the rights of unaccompanied minors, (15 to 18 years old), in accordance with the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child. The aim of this research have been to investigate how the human rights of these unaccompanied minor refugees are being protected in Norway with regards with to the Convention on the Rights of the Child. The research involved analysis of international and national legal documents, and interviews with non-governmental organizations and governmental institutions involved with the protection and care of the rights of children. The results showed that the rights of the child have a strong position in legal documents, non-governmental organizations and governmental institutions. The results also showed that minors between the age of 15 to 18 had fewer employees available in care institutions, than those below the age of 15 years, thus differential in the care received. The legal guardians whom are appointed to protect the child throughout the asylum process shall provide assistance, but not daily care. And there is no clear definition of what adequate care is, which created different interpretations by non-governmental organizations and the government. ; M-DS

Technical comments on proposed legislation to reform Malta's provision of out-of-home care, also affecting unaccompanied refugee and asylum-seeking children. ; N/A

This article highlights the exploitation of unaccompanied and separated child refugees in Europe. Critically, the European Union has a manifest responsibility to child refugees, as outlined in both the Geneva Convention (1951) that frameworks the Status of Refugees (1967 Protocol), along with the Charter of Fundamental Rights. Moreover, as signatories to the United Nations Convention on the Rights of a Child, Europe has a moral and legal responsibility to act in the best interests of the child. Unfortunately, EU has failed to comply with the obligations and tens of thousands of children are staying in appalling, exploitative and negligent conditions. At present, at least 170,000 unaccompanied and separated child refugees (UASCR) throughout the European Union are living in extreme duress, violence and/or sexual exploitation.