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1. Translation technique and textual criticism -- 2. Biography and cultural history -- 3. The classification of the sciences and methods of research and teaching -- 4. Philosophy -- 5. Natural science -- 6. Medicine -- 7. Geometry, arithmetic and optics -- 8. Geography and astronomy -- 9. Musicology -- 10. Mechanics -- 11. The occult sciences -- 12. Literature and art.

1 Introduction -- 2 The Greek Heritage in Economic Thought -- The Old Art of Political Economy -- 3 Biblical and Early Judeo-Christian Thought: Genesis to Augustine -- Some Socioeconomic Aspects of Judaic Thought -- 4 Islamic Economic Thought -- Continuity and Change in Islamic Economic Thought -- 5 Scholastic Economics -- Scholastic Economics -- 6 The Development of Mercantilist Economic Thought -- The Language of Mercantilism -- 7 In Search of Economic Order: French Predecessors of Adam Smith -- The International Foundations of Classical Political Economy in the Eighteenth Century: An Alternative Perspective -- 8 The Scottish Enlightenment and Political Economy -- The Scottish Enlightenment: Evaluation of Origins.

In this survey of the great exponents of the classical tradition, Vincent Bladen examines the thought and works of Adam Smith, T.R. Malthus, Henry Thornton, David Ricardo, J.S. Mill, Karl Marx, W.S. Jevons, Alfred Marshall, and John Maynard Keynes, and relates their views to modern situations.

In this survey of the great exponents of the classical tradition, Vincent Bladen examines the thought and works of Adam Smith, T.R. Malthus, Henry Thornton, David Ricardo, J.S. Mill, Karl Marx, W.S. Jevons, Alfred Marshall, and John Maynard Keynes, and relates their views to modern situations.

It was Europeans who started in Egypt a historic preservationist movement for Arab (or Islamic) art.1 It was they who persuaded Khedive Tawfiq to decree, in December 1881, the founding of the Committee for the Conservation of Monuments of Arab Art (hereafter "the Comité," the usual French designation). It was the European-dominated Comité that opened the Museum of Arab Art three years later, and it was an Englishman, K. A. C. Creswell, who established the Institute of Islamic Archaeology at the Egyptian (later Cairo) University. Why did the Europeans care? In 19th-century Europe, romanticism gave a strong impetus to writers and painters, scholars, and collectors to search for a lost past, the unusual, the exotic, the "Oriental." This inquiry into the past, at home and abroad, was intimately bound up with Westerners' search for their own identities and with the triumph of the idea of the nation-state. Historic preservationists and museums selected, conserved, and displayed buildings and objects defined as valuable to their national heritages. Romanticism, in part a revolt against classical styles, also spurred a "Gothic revival movement and a fascination with various Oriental styles.

Intro -- Arab Civilization -- Table of Contents -- Editors' Note -- Preface -- Part I. The Man and His Work -- Constantine K. Zurayk: Advocate of Rationalism in Modern Arab Thought -- Humanism and Secularism in the Modern Arab Heritage: The Ideas of al-Kawākibī and Zurayk -- Part 2. The Classical Heritage -- On the Use of Islamic History: An Essay -- The Expression of Historicity in the Koran -- Equity and Islamic Law -- The Devolution of the Perfect State: Plato, Ibn Rushd, and Ibn Khaldun -- al-Khwārizmī's Concept of Algebra -- Ibn Khaldun, the Father of Economics -- A Mamlūk "Magna Carta -- Part 3. The Modern Age: Challenges and Responses -- The Memoirs of Nubar Pasha as a Source for the Social History of Egypt -- The Neopatriarchal Discourse: Language and Discourse in Contemporary Arab Society -- The Interplay Between Social and Cultural Change: The Case of Germany and the Arab Middle East -- Criticism and the Heritage: Adonis as an Advocate of a New Arab Culture -- Aḥmad Amīn and 'Abbās Maḥmūd al-'Aqqād Between al-Quadīm and al-Jadīd: European Challenge and Islamic Response -- Amīn al-Rīḥānī and King 'Abdul-'Aziz Ibn Sa'ūd -- A Reinterpretation of the Origins and Aims of the Great Syrian Revolt, 1925-27 -- The Social and Economic Structure of Bāb-al-Muṣallā (al-Mīdān), Damascus, 1825-75 -- Imperial Germany: A View from Damascus -- The Egyptian Press under Nasser and al-Sadat -- Index -- A -- B -- C -- D -- E -- F -- G -- H -- I -- J -- K -- L -- M -- N -- O -- P -- Q -- R -- S -- T -- U -- V -- W -- X -- Z.

This study examines for the first time the finance procedures and documents of the post-classical Ottoman Empire. It provides an overview of institutional and monetary history and a detailed description of assessment and collection processes for Cizye, Avariz and Iltizam -collected taxes, the documents produced by these processes, and the information they contain. The finance department's detailed record-keeping, procedural continuity, and provision of economic justice made it a bulwark of stability in a period of turmoil. For specialists, this book introduces a multitude of sources on the economic and social history of the post-classical age, while for comparativists it places the empire in its seventeenth-century context. It links Ottoman administrative change with early modern state formation and reformulates the seventeenth century as a period of consolidation, not decline

Unlike our counterparts in Europe who have rewritten their specific cultural philosophical heritage, American feminists have not yet critically reappropriated our own philosophical tradition of classical American pragmatism. The neglect is especially puzzling, given that both feminism and pragmatism explicitly acknowledge the material or cultural specificity of supposedly abstract theorizing. In this article I suggest some reasons for the neglect, call for the rediscovery of women pragmatists, reflect on a feminine side of pragmatism, and point out some common features. The aim is to encourage the further development of a feminist revisioning of pragmatism and a pragmatist version of feminism.

Judith Hallett illuminates a paradox of elite Roman society of the classical period: its members extolled female domesticity and imposed numerous formal constraints on women's public activity, but many women in Rome's leading families wielded substantial political and social influence. Originally published in 1984. The Princeton Legacy Library uses the latest print-on-demand technology to again make available previously out-of-print books from the distinguished backlist of Princeton University Press. These paperback editions preserve the original texts of these important books while presenting them in durable paperback editions. The goal of the Princeton Legacy Library is to vastly increase access to the rich scholarly heritage found in the thousands of books published by Princeton University Press since its founding in 1905.

Departing from the notion of 'the stranger' in classical sociological literature (Alfred Schutz and Georg Simmel), the paper discusses the significance of two paradigmatic approaches, one of which has discursively branched off into modernity. In a world where the search for roots has become widespread - from the new social movements to the building of new nation-state, from identity politics to national identities - the multiple expression of exclusion has spread. A new kind of European citizen, a 'stranger', is being constructed. I argue that scientific discourses related to the intellectual heritage of Alfred Schutz have helped to create the 'stranger' and the 'non-stranger'. It is further argued that Simmel's approach is an alternative well worth highlighting.