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Foreword -- Preface -- Acknowledgements -- Chapter 1: Introduction -- Chapter 2: Intercollegiate Athletics -- Chapter 3: Sports Finance.- Chapter 4: Coaches Compensation -- Chapter 5: Student-Athletes Environment -- Chapter 6: Campus Facilities.- Chapter 7: College Sports Business.- Chapter 8: Conclusion.- Appendix.- Bibliography

"When Canada hosted the 1976 Montreal Olympics, few Canadians spectators waved flags in the stands. Only a few decades later, in the run-up to the 2010 Vancouver Olympics, thousands of Canadians wore red mittens with white maple leaves on the palms. In doing so, they turned their hands into miniature flags that flew with even a casual wave. Red Mitten Nationalism investigates this shift in Canadians' displays of patriotism by exploring how common understandings of Canadian history and identity are shaped at the intersection of sport, commercialism, and nationalism. Through case studies of recent Canadian-hosted Olympic and Commonwealth Games, Estée Fresco argues that representations of Indigenous peoples' cultures are central to the way everyday Canadians, corporations, and sport organizations remember the past and understand the present. Corporate sponsors and Games organizers highlight selective ideas about the nation's identity, and unacknowledged truths about the history and persistence of Settler colonialism in Canada haunt the commercial and cultural features of these sporting events. Commodities that represent the nation - from disposable trinkets to carefully curated objects of nostalgia - are not uncomplicated symbols of national pride, but rather reminders that Canada is built on Indigenous land and Settlers profit from its natural resources. Red Mitten Nationalism challenges readers to re-evaluate how Canadians use sport and commercial practices to express their patriotism and to understand the impact of this expression on the current state of Indigenous-Settler relations."--

Among the most important factors which made a commercialization of sports in the U.S. possible are the unique legal standing of the professional sports leagues and the heavy involvement of the media. In order to enable the professional leagues to survive the U.S. government freed them from certain legal restrictions. The leagues are allowed to function as monopolies without breaking the antitrust laws. The strong connection between TV and sport came about primarily through the growing trend towards passive sports intake. The TV stations can afford to pay the increasingly more expensive broadcasting rights due to the high sums they can command for commercial spots. Naturally, the popular professional sports of football, basketball, and boxing are clearly profit orientated and show a remarkable financial breadth. However, other athletic domains are steadily becoming more commercialized; many Division I universities rely heavily on television broadcasts to finance their sports departments, the "amateur" Olympic Games are now a huge money making venture, and the sports boom in the U.S. has opened up a massive market for sports clubs, equipment and clothes. The development of the commercialism can be traced back to the societal structure in the U.S. A liberal attitude and enormous urbanization in the 19th century helped create a society which was conducive to a profit-orientated sports system. A final comparison of the commercialism in the U.S. and Germany shows that the biggest differences lie in the structure and practices of the media.

Interdisciplinary antecedents, contexts and encouragements -- Theoretical and conceptual frameworks -- Capitalising on play : the corporatisation of sport/physical education spaces -- The sport-education-corporate nexus : global cases -- The sport-education-corporate nexus : regional cases -- The sport-education-corporate nexus : local cases -- Toward a nexus typology and beyond.

Cover -- Half-Title -- Title -- Copyright -- Contents -- List of Figures -- List of Tables -- Acknowledgements -- Introduction -- 1. Clarifying the Nature of Sport -- 2. Participation Patterns in Sport -- 3. Explanations of Sporting Behaviour -- 4. Sport and Health -- 5. Women and Sport -- 6. Social Class Issues in Sport -- 7. Racial Issues in Sport -- 8. Drug Abuse in Sport -- 9. Football Hooliganism -- 10. Commercialism and Sport -- Author Index -- Subject Index.

Contemporary broader government policy surrounding "social exclusion" has tended to characterise it in largely negative terms. Contemporary sport policy in British tennis is no different. Every player excluded from grassroots participation represents a wasted opportunity to develop talent. Thus, "inclusion" and "accessibility" feature today, and have for some time, at the core of contemporary policy from the Lawn Tennis Association, which as an organisation has come to judge itself based on broad participation figures and elite level success, which are often considered incompatible. Such measurements of an association's performance reflect broader political concerns and objectives, and also ignore the sport's elitist past, which actually celebrated the exclusion of particular societal groups as a major positive factor in its rapidly growing popularity among the socially aspirational British middle classes. This paper will take a historical perspective with regard to discourses of social exclusion in British tennis, and consider the ways in which exclusive features of the sport have been both celebrated as a means of enhancing its prestige and criticised for contributing to declining British performances. Such discourses will be positioned within broader historical contexts of shifting class relations, Empire decline, burgeoning commercialism in sport, and the increasing accountability among sport governing bodies. ; Peer reviewed ; Tennis ; Britain ; Social exclusion

Moral integrity of the sport : the role of the commissioner and the law -- Legal recognition of 'the best interests of the sport' -- Labor law and collective bargaining in professional sports -- Constructing a players market from contract and collective bargaining -- Basic principles of antitrust law applied to the special nature of the sports industry -- Antitrust regulation and business strategy in sports labor markets -- Business strategy and antitrust scrutiny of internal league regulation of inter-club competititon -- Sports broadcasting , merchandising, and intellectual property law -- Agent representation of the athlete -- Intercollegiate sports : due process and academic integrity -- Intercollegiate sports : commercialism and amateurism -- Gender discrimination in sports -- Individual sports -- International and olympic sports -- Personal injury from sports

In this essay we will use a historical approach to comprehend, firstly, the progress and challenges of the Swedish Sport Movement, and secondly, as a stimulus to a reflection on current challenges in regard to the policy and organization of Swedish sport.Thus, the famous Swedish painter Anders Zorn, and his entrepreneurial approach in regard to ski competitions, in addition to his naturalistic ideas, stood in the early 1900 as a (serious) challenge to the initial progress of the Swedish Sport Confederation and its tradition, ideology and, in the prolongation, its hegemonic position. This historical review will, additionally, be related to a contemporary case -'The Motor Sport Case'- in which the Swedish Sport Model has become challenged by EU Law and Competition Law. The presentation will offer a fair amount of - archeological - evidence to better understand the inherent (generic) conflicts as well as the hegemony of the Swedish sport movement. The theoretical framework builds roughly on the perspectives of power and hegemony, which includes concept such as domination, encapsulation, rebellion and noncomplia nce.The reflection focuses on the'organizational capital'as the vital drive in the progress of the Swedish Sport Confederation and its monopoly.

Recent research indicates that the televised sports that U.S. boys watch most include pro basketball, pro football, pro baseball, Extreme sports, sports highlights shows, and the dramatic pseudosport of pro wrestling. Based on a textual analysis of these televised sports shows and their accompanying commercial advertisements, the authors identify 10 recurrent themes concerning gender, race, aggression, violence, militarism, and commercialism that, together, they call the Televised Sports Manhood Formula. This formula is a master ideological narrative that is well suited to discipline boys' bodies, minds, and consumption choices in ways that construct a masculinity that is consistent with the entrenched interests of the sports/media/commercial complex. However, the authors note some discontinuities and contradictory moments within and between sports media texts and call for audience studies to explore the various ways that boys interpret, use, or negotiate the Televised Sports Manhood Formula.

By describing and analysing normative uncertainties and the commercial immaturity in Swedish ice hockey (Swedish Hockey League/Swedish Ice Hockey Association), this article focuses on the tension and dialectics in Swedish sport; increasingly greater commercial attempts (i.e. entrepreneurship, 'Americanization', multi-arenas, innovations and public limited companies) have to be mixed with a generally non-profit making organization (e.g. the Swedish Sports Confederation) and its traditional values of health, democracy and youth sports and fosterage. In this respect, the elite ice hockey clubs are situated in a legal culture of two parallel norm systems: the tradition of self-regulation in sport and in civil law (e.g. commercial law). Indeed, the incoherent blend of idealism and commercialism in Swedish elite hockey appears to be fertile ground for hazardous (sports) management and indebtedness. This mix of 'uncertainty' and 'immaturity' has given rise to various financial trickeries and negligence, which have subsequently developed into legal matters. Consequently, the legal system appears to have become a playground for Swedish ice hockey. This article reflects on the reasons and the rationale in this frictional development by focusing on a legal case that comes under the Business Reorganisation Act. The analysis reveals support for a 'soft' juridification process in Swedish ice hockey in order to handle the charging tension of the two parallel norm systems.