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Current demographic trends are calling forth the need to redefine the meaning of old age and its place in society. The concept of active ageing can be seen as a reaction to these efforts to reconceptualise life in old age. This article first briefly describes the context that gave rise to the term 'active ageing' and how this concept is framed as 'ageing well' in national and international documents and in the discourse of gerontology. Based on ethnographic studies of two centres offering leisure activities for seniors (mainly using participant observation and in-depth and informal interviews with clients and employees), the article shows 1) how the idea of active ageing and generally of being active as an desirable or undesirable lifestyle in old age is constructed in the framework of the centre's general operations, and 2) how the clients themselves relate to this idea. The objective of the article is to reveal the significance of active ageing in the formation of a normative image of 'ageing well', which on the one hand helps seniors break away from stereotypical notions of ageing, but on the other hand generates new inequalities based on the ability or willingness to 'age actively'.

Emisné predpisy cestných motorových vozidiel stanovujú harmonizované pravidlápre konštrukciu motorových vozidiel s cieľom zabezpečiť fungovanie vnútornéhotrhu a zároveň poskytnúť vysokú úroveň ochrany životného prostredia, pokiaľ ideo emisie do ovzdušia. Občania Európskej únie sú stále znepokojený rizikom, ktorépre zdravie ľudí a životné prostredie predstavuje znečistenie ovzdušia. Aj keď sav priebehu posledného desaťročia kvalita ovzdušia zlepšila, ešte stále v celejEurópskej únii pretrvávajú závažné problémy súvisiace s kvalitou ovzdušia, a tonajmä v mestských oblastiach a v husto osídlených regiónoch. Zavedenie emisnýchpredpisov a ich postupné sprísňovanie má za cieľ, aby zlá kvalita ovzdušia a jehoškodlivý účinok na zdravie ľudí nezostalo aj naďalej problémom Európskej únie. ; Exhaust emission regulations for road motor vehicles lay down harmonized rulesfor the construction of motor vehicles to ensure the functioning of the internalmarket while at the same time providing for a high level of environmental protectionregarding atmospheric emissions. European Union citizens are still concernedabout the risks to human health and the environment that results from air pollution.Although air quality has improved over the past decade, there are still significantair quality problems throughout the European Union, especially in urban areas andin densely populated regions. The introduction of exhaust emission regulations andthe gradual tightening aims to poor air quality and its harmful effects on humanhealth would otherwise be still a problem the European Union.

The transformation of the social institution of the family in an individualised society is tied also to other demands and expectations relating to parenthood, and fatherhood is no exception in this regard. This article focuses on fathers who have accepted the modern norm of fatherhood and have played an active role by personally caring for their children, in particular, as primary carers during their period of parental leave. The entry of fathers into a sphere our culture has traditionally defi ned as belonging to women necessarily raises one basic question – 'What does the experience of caring for their children mean in the minds of fathers?' – which contains an entire series of other more specifi c questions: How do these men interpret fatherhood? Is the experience of caring for their children refl ected in how these men construct gender identities and what does this mean from the perspective of the production of gender and gender relations? Interviews based on a prepared scenario were conducted on a sample of twenty families in which the father had taken parental leave, and the resulting data was analysed with the aid of grounded theory in an effort to answer the questions outlined above. Of particular interest in the analysis are the interpretative frameworks that the actors employ in their perception of experienced reality and to what outcome or how much are common gender perceptions disrupted in their outlook. The author applies the constructivist perspective of making gender, which permits a focus on the similarities and differences between men and women and within those categories. The fi ndings contribute to the understanding of the construction of fatherhood in this group of fathers, of gender and gender relations, and of how gender stereotypes operate on the micro level of Czech society.