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Articles in this volume are grouped under four headings: 1) The Word in Context, 2) Text and Pragmatics, 3) Linguistic and Cultural Contacts, 4) Foreign Language Teaching. Articles under the heading "The Word in Context" explore English, German, Polish idioms; multimodal meanings; expression of negation; corpus-based contrastive analysis of syntactic constructions and linguistic units in Lithuanian, German and English; linguistic aspects of advertisements; characteristics of Church Slavonic adjectives, etc. Articles in the section entitled "Text and Pragmatics" present insights into translation of taboo words from English into Lithuanian; hedging in political discourse; epistemic modality; syntactic compression; nounal compounds in English and Lithuanian; face-saving and face-threatening acts in art reviews, etc. Articles under the heading "Linguistic and Cultural Contacts" deal with convergence and divergence in europeisms; bloodlands fiction; metaphors in East poetry translations; national identity; politeness and cooperation principles in communication; disphemisms in intercultural communication; intertextuality in modern prose, etc. Articles in the section "Foreign Language Teaching" explore issues such as digital learning environments; factors of students' learning motivation; integration of Erasmus students into Lithuanian culture; acquisition of Latvian as foreign language; distant foreign language learning; development of students' cultural awareness; topical issues of English and German maturity examinations, etc.

Articles in this volume are grouped under four headings: 1) The Word in Context, 2) Text and Pragmatics, 3) Linguistic and Cultural Contacts, 4) Foreign Language Teaching. Articles under the heading "The Word in Context" explore English, German, Polish idioms; multimodal meanings; expression of negation; corpus-based contrastive analysis of syntactic constructions and linguistic units in Lithuanian, German and English; linguistic aspects of advertisements; characteristics of Church Slavonic adjectives, etc. Articles in the section entitled "Text and Pragmatics" present insights into translation of taboo words from English into Lithuanian; hedging in political discourse; epistemic modality; syntactic compression; nounal compounds in English and Lithuanian; face-saving and face-threatening acts in art reviews, etc. Articles under the heading "Linguistic and Cultural Contacts" deal with convergence and divergence in europeisms; bloodlands fiction; metaphors in East poetry translations; national identity; politeness and cooperation principles in communication; disphemisms in intercultural communication; intertextuality in modern prose, etc. Articles in the section "Foreign Language Teaching" explore issues such as digital learning environments; factors of students' learning motivation; integration of Erasmus students into Lithuanian culture; acquisition of Latvian as foreign language; distant foreign language learning; development of students' cultural awareness; topical issues of English and German maturity examinations, etc.

Articles in this volume are grouped under four headings: 1) The Word in Context, 2) Text and Pragmatics, 3) Linguistic and Cultural Contacts, 4) Foreign Language Teaching. Articles under the heading "The Word in Context" explore English, German, Polish idioms; multimodal meanings; expression of negation; corpus-based contrastive analysis of syntactic constructions and linguistic units in Lithuanian, German and English; linguistic aspects of advertisements; characteristics of Church Slavonic adjectives, etc. Articles in the section entitled "Text and Pragmatics" present insights into translation of taboo words from English into Lithuanian; hedging in political discourse; epistemic modality; syntactic compression; nounal compounds in English and Lithuanian; face-saving and face-threatening acts in art reviews, etc. Articles under the heading "Linguistic and Cultural Contacts" deal with convergence and divergence in europeisms; bloodlands fiction; metaphors in East poetry translations; national identity; politeness and cooperation principles in communication; disphemisms in intercultural communication; intertextuality in modern prose, etc. Articles in the section "Foreign Language Teaching" explore issues such as digital learning environments; factors of students' learning motivation; integration of Erasmus students into Lithuanian culture; acquisition of Latvian as foreign language; distant foreign language learning; development of students' cultural awareness; topical issues of English and German maturity examinations, etc.

Articles in this volume are grouped under four headings: 1) The Word in Context, 2) Text and Pragmatics, 3) Linguistic and Cultural Contacts, 4) Foreign Language Teaching. Articles under the heading "The Word in Context" explore English, German, Polish idioms; multimodal meanings; expression of negation; corpus-based contrastive analysis of syntactic constructions and linguistic units in Lithuanian, German and English; linguistic aspects of advertisements; characteristics of Church Slavonic adjectives, etc. Articles in the section entitled "Text and Pragmatics" present insights into translation of taboo words from English into Lithuanian; hedging in political discourse; epistemic modality; syntactic compression; nounal compounds in English and Lithuanian; face-saving and face-threatening acts in art reviews, etc. Articles under the heading "Linguistic and Cultural Contacts" deal with convergence and divergence in europeisms; bloodlands fiction; metaphors in East poetry translations; national identity; politeness and cooperation principles in communication; disphemisms in intercultural communication; intertextuality in modern prose, etc. Articles in the section "Foreign Language Teaching" explore issues such as digital learning environments; factors of students' learning motivation; integration of Erasmus students into Lithuanian culture; acquisition of Latvian as foreign language; distant foreign language learning; development of students' cultural awareness; topical issues of English and German maturity examinations, etc.

The ideas of freedom, equality and justice have become the increased focus of philosophy discourse as well as the tools of political activities. They particularly stand out in the doctrine of neoliberalism, which advocates a reign of freedom. However, it has to be admitted that the concept of freedom which is ascribed to the highest values of contemporary social and political discourses is not mentioned in classical or modern axiological theories. This leads to the question whether freedom is a value indeed. In an attempt to discuss this question, the article briefly addresses different treatments of freedom concepts and further elaborates on "the paradox of freedom". Also, it is noteworthy that values are concurrent with human needs though the need of freedom is neither paramount nor fundamental. It is concluded that the contemporary exaltation of freedom and its attribution to the highest values raise a serious question why freedom as a value is not mentioned in classical and modern axiological theories, which induces us to turn back to the concept of freedom and its ontological status once more. This leads to more extensive research.

The ideas of freedom, equality and justice have become the increased focus of philosophy discourse as well as the tools of political activities. They particularly stand out in the doctrine of neoliberalism, which advocates a reign of freedom. However, it has to be admitted that the concept of freedom which is ascribed to the highest values of contemporary social and political discourses is not mentioned in classical or modern axiological theories. This leads to the question whether freedom is a value indeed. In an attempt to discuss this question, the article briefly addresses different treatments of freedom concepts and further elaborates on "the paradox of freedom". Also, it is noteworthy that values are concurrent with human needs though the need of freedom is neither paramount nor fundamental. It is concluded that the contemporary exaltation of freedom and its attribution to the highest values raise a serious question why freedom as a value is not mentioned in classical and modern axiological theories, which induces us to turn back to the concept of freedom and its ontological status once more. This leads to more extensive research.

The object of this dissertation of graduation is the place of Culture in a context of Knowledge society. The main aim is to introduce possibilities of digital code and to check out if Lithuanian society is already ready for to accept e-culture as one more alternative in their lives. It is very important to stress the meaning of the Cultural production in a new way of Economy that is based on a creative branch. So this is a reason why reader is introduced to the technique of Cultures' planning in a first chapter. Cultural organizations have long been protected from the harsh realities of the marketplace by relying on wealthy patrons or public subsidies. But as these sources of finance become scarcer they now find that they have to compete for an audience. Some have adjusted to this new reality, but many have not. Cultural planning in a context of knowledge society is the process of aligning cultural activities and organizations in a given area - usually geographic - in a way that helps to ensure they are mutually supportive and contribute effectively to other specific social, political or economic ambitions - such as encouraging social inclusion or attracting tourists or investors to an area. There is a wide range of contexts in which planning takes place, from the legislatively mandated (currently the case in the United Kingdom) to the predominately voluntary (as in the United States). There are also many ways of going about planning, many stumbling blocks between good intentions and effective policies, and many a well-considered and viable policy that goes unimplemented. Challenges for e-culture are visible with regard to fragmentation, multilingualism, re-usability if content, configuration of knowledge realms and suitable application levels that effectively relate to users' and heritage institutions' demands It is also introducing three investigations accomplished by thesis writer as well by State Institutions in a field of Cultural innovations and reclaims of Culture Users. This dissertation of graduation is useful for Culture managers, Official Persons who are responsible for dissemination of digital code an e-culture, for people who make political decisions on Culture Politics. It is useful for students of arts management or those who hope to work in the cultural industries.

The object of this dissertation of graduation is the place of Culture in a context of Knowledge society. The main aim is to introduce possibilities of digital code and to check out if Lithuanian society is already ready for to accept e-culture as one more alternative in their lives. It is very important to stress the meaning of the Cultural production in a new way of Economy that is based on a creative branch. So this is a reason why reader is introduced to the technique of Cultures' planning in a first chapter. Cultural organizations have long been protected from the harsh realities of the marketplace by relying on wealthy patrons or public subsidies. But as these sources of finance become scarcer they now find that they have to compete for an audience. Some have adjusted to this new reality, but many have not. Cultural planning in a context of knowledge society is the process of aligning cultural activities and organizations in a given area - usually geographic - in a way that helps to ensure they are mutually supportive and contribute effectively to other specific social, political or economic ambitions - such as encouraging social inclusion or attracting tourists or investors to an area. There is a wide range of contexts in which planning takes place, from the legislatively mandated (currently the case in the United Kingdom) to the predominately voluntary (as in the United States). There are also many ways of going about planning, many stumbling blocks between good intentions and effective policies, and many a well-considered and viable policy that goes unimplemented. Challenges for e-culture are visible with regard to fragmentation, multilingualism, re-usability if content, configuration of knowledge realms and suitable application levels that effectively relate to users' and heritage institutions' demands It is also introducing three investigations accomplished by thesis writer as well by State Institutions in a field of Cultural innovations and reclaims of Culture Users. This dissertation of graduation is useful for Culture managers, Official Persons who are responsible for dissemination of digital code an e-culture, for people who make political decisions on Culture Politics. It is useful for students of arts management or those who hope to work in the cultural industries.

The object of this dissertation of graduation is the place of Culture in a context of Knowledge society. The main aim is to introduce possibilities of digital code and to check out if Lithuanian society is already ready for to accept e-culture as one more alternative in their lives. It is very important to stress the meaning of the Cultural production in a new way of Economy that is based on a creative branch. So this is a reason why reader is introduced to the technique of Cultures' planning in a first chapter. Cultural organizations have long been protected from the harsh realities of the marketplace by relying on wealthy patrons or public subsidies. But as these sources of finance become scarcer they now find that they have to compete for an audience. Some have adjusted to this new reality, but many have not. Cultural planning in a context of knowledge society is the process of aligning cultural activities and organizations in a given area - usually geographic - in a way that helps to ensure they are mutually supportive and contribute effectively to other specific social, political or economic ambitions - such as encouraging social inclusion or attracting tourists or investors to an area. There is a wide range of contexts in which planning takes place, from the legislatively mandated (currently the case in the United Kingdom) to the predominately voluntary (as in the United States). There are also many ways of going about planning, many stumbling blocks between good intentions and effective policies, and many a well-considered and viable policy that goes unimplemented. Challenges for e-culture are visible with regard to fragmentation, multilingualism, re-usability if content, configuration of knowledge realms and suitable application levels that effectively relate to users' and heritage institutions' demands It is also introducing three investigations accomplished by thesis writer as well by State Institutions in a field of Cultural innovations and reclaims of Culture Users. This dissertation of graduation is useful for Culture managers, Official Persons who are responsible for dissemination of digital code an e-culture, for people who make political decisions on Culture Politics. It is useful for students of arts management or those who hope to work in the cultural industries.

The object of this dissertation of graduation is the place of Culture in a context of Knowledge society. The main aim is to introduce possibilities of digital code and to check out if Lithuanian society is already ready for to accept e-culture as one more alternative in their lives. It is very important to stress the meaning of the Cultural production in a new way of Economy that is based on a creative branch. So this is a reason why reader is introduced to the technique of Cultures' planning in a first chapter. Cultural organizations have long been protected from the harsh realities of the marketplace by relying on wealthy patrons or public subsidies. But as these sources of finance become scarcer they now find that they have to compete for an audience. Some have adjusted to this new reality, but many have not. Cultural planning in a context of knowledge society is the process of aligning cultural activities and organizations in a given area - usually geographic - in a way that helps to ensure they are mutually supportive and contribute effectively to other specific social, political or economic ambitions - such as encouraging social inclusion or attracting tourists or investors to an area. There is a wide range of contexts in which planning takes place, from the legislatively mandated (currently the case in the United Kingdom) to the predominately voluntary (as in the United States). There are also many ways of going about planning, many stumbling blocks between good intentions and effective policies, and many a well-considered and viable policy that goes unimplemented. Challenges for e-culture are visible with regard to fragmentation, multilingualism, re-usability if content, configuration of knowledge realms and suitable application levels that effectively relate to users' and heritage institutions' demands It is also introducing three investigations accomplished by thesis writer as well by State Institutions in a field of Cultural innovations and reclaims of Culture Users. This dissertation of graduation is useful for Culture managers, Official Persons who are responsible for dissemination of digital code an e-culture, for people who make political decisions on Culture Politics. It is useful for students of arts management or those who hope to work in the cultural industries.

After the collapse of the Soviet Union and restored Independence of Lithuania post-soviet countries faced with inevitable transformations in educational management. The article presents school management changes and overlooks Lithuanian school management development and its tendencies after becoming an independent state in the context of educational management paradigm shift. It also unfolds the changing roles and functions of school principals in the alternations of political ideologies. Scientific literature unfolds exclusive role of school principals in the process of educational management transformation. The article is based on the principles of paradigm shift and systematic approach on management.

After the collapse of the Soviet Union and restored Independence of Lithuania post-soviet countries faced with inevitable transformations in educational management. The article presents school management changes and overlooks Lithuanian school management development and its tendencies after becoming an independent state in the context of educational management paradigm shift. It also unfolds the changing roles and functions of school principals in the alternations of political ideologies. Scientific literature unfolds exclusive role of school principals in the process of educational management transformation. The article is based on the principles of paradigm shift and systematic approach on management.