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This article is generically dedicated to the legal effects of the acts practiced by young people, both minors and those of legal age, under the influence of drugs. In Part I, our attention is called to the legal-civil consequences of these acts. Thus, we shall begin with a brief preliminary note on the concept of civil law. Having noted this, we will examine the main topic to speak of the legally existing mechanisms (within the scope of civil law) to protect those people, and for this purpose, we distinguish between minors and adults (or equated to adults, which is the case of minors who are emancipated by marriage): the minor regime, in the first case, and possibly, the regime of incapacitation (an incapacity that is not generic and permanent), or even accidental incapacity (not permanent or transitory), caused by the consumption of alcohol or drugs, in the case of adulthood (or equated with adulthood). In the second part, initially, we give a general presentation of criminal law, with this part divided into two large sections: the sale and consumption of narcotics and the legal treatment given to minors. From a general standpoint, when an analysis of the agent's guilt cannot be made, the law considers him to be unimputable. From an internal standpoint, we shall analyze the most relevant legal aspects of the Decree-Law referring to traffic and to drugs. One particular aspect of this regime lies in the fact that in Macau, drug consumption is considered to be a crime (article 28), unlike in European countries, like Portugal, since 2000. We shall also take into account other legislation in Macau in which drugs play a crucial role, as is the case of the misdemeanor established in article 68 of the Highway Code, which consists, among other items, in driving under the influence of alcohol or narcotics (note that this Code was recently altered by the Highway Traffic Law, which entered into effect in October 2007). Next, we will analyze the regime applied to minors from a concrete perspective of criminal law. ; Este ...

This work aims to discuss the principle of legality in criminal law, principle qualified as a fundamental human right. The criminal legality is a natural guarantee of citizens, having basic character in any state that pretends itself democratic, reflecting main feature of the legal systems based on justice and rationality. As it is clear that the principle of legality seems to be a constitutional guarantee of individual, its analysis is essential for understanding a principled view of the criminal law. To do so, it perquires about the character of legality, reflects on the intimate relationship between legality and democratic state, peers up about the historical origin and content of the clause of legality, reasons about the consequences of this postulate, formulates ideas about the criminalization warrants, develops arguments about controversial issues involving the legality of criminal and, finally, some finishing touches are made on the subject.

In the context of the Human Rights Dialogue between the European Union and the Islamic Republic of Iran, the Bristih Institute of International and Comparative Law undertook a project on "Human Rights in International Law and Iran". One of the outputs of this project is the publication of the present book, designed as a practical guide and reference book for foreign jurists and human rights defenders ... (Quelle: Text Verlagseinband / Verlag)

Preliminary Material /A. Layish -- Introduction One Tribal Arbitrators' Documents As A Source Of Legal History /A. Layish -- Introduction Two The Sedentary Bedouin Of The Judean Desert /A. Layish -- Introduction Three Tribal Judiciary And Customary Law /A. Layish -- Document One Submission, Tribal Award And Registration With Notary Public (1978) /A. Layish -- Document Two Murder with No Witnesses and Exculpatory Oath at al-Aqṣā Mosque (1954) /A. Layish -- Document Three Blood-Money Pact Reducing Tribal Liability (1966) /A. Layish -- Document Four Dissociation From Blood Group's Liability On Individual's Initiative (1963) /A. Layish -- Document Five Unintentional Vehicular Homicide And Reconciliation In The Presence Of A Qāḍī And A Muftī (1955) /A. Layish -- Document Six Unintentional Homicide Entailing Diya Muḥammadiyya (1975) /A. Layish -- Document Seven Diya Muḥammadiyya In The Presence Of A Sharʿī Qāḍī (1957) /A. Layish -- Document Eight An Eye For An Eye Or Monetary Compensation (1956) /A. Layish -- Document Nine Amputation Of The Hand Or Compensation Of One-Third Of A Diya Of A Person (1973) /A. Layish -- Document Ten Abduction, Marriage And Closure Of Criminal File (N.D.) /A. Layish -- Document Eleven Offense Against A Woman's Chastity Ṣā'iḥat Al-Ḍuḥā (1956) /A. Layish -- Document Twelve Cutting Down Trees, Damage To A Well, Etc. (1976) /A. Layish -- Document Thirteen Tribal Agreement On Regulations Relating To Corn Theft (1949) /A. Layish -- Document Fourteen Mukhtārs' Petition Concerning Shar'ī Marriage (N.D.) /A. Layish -- Document Fifteen Shar'ī Confirmation Of A Customary Marriage (1956) /A. Layish -- Document Sixteen Shar'ī Marriage Contract (1958) /A. Layish -- Document Seventeen Resort To Tribal Qāḍī Following The Harī'a Court's Failure To Solve A Dispute (1963) /A. Layish -- Document Eighteen Prompt Mahr Given To A Bride's Mother In Trust (1934) /A. Layish -- Document Nineteen Acknowledgment Of Mahr As Debt (1934) /A. Layish -- Document Twenty Agreement Between Brothers On Mobilizing Mahr Out Of The Estate (1957) /A. Layish -- Document Twenty-One Tribal Agreement On Mahr (1940) /A. Layish -- Document Twenty-Two Shar'ī Judgment Granting Maintenance (1964) /A. Layish -- Document Twenty-Three Bayt Shar'ī, Obedience And Divorce In The Sharī'a Court (1970) /A. Layish -- Document Twenty-Four Customary Khul': Compensation To Divorcing Husband On His Wife's Remarriage (1959) /A. Layish -- Document Twenty-Five Khul' Prior To Consummation To Be Effected In The Sharī'a Court (1966) /A. Layish -- Document Twenty-Six Consensual Divorce With Sureties To Be Effected In The Sharī'a Court (1974) /A. Layish -- Document Twenty-Seven Tribal Award Of Separation To Be Accomplished By Shar'ī Ṭalāq (1972) /A. Layish -- Document Twenty-Eight "Renunciation Divorce" On The Wife's Initiative In The Sharī'a Court (1962) /A. Layish -- Document Twenty-Nine Shar'ī Legal Opinion On Oath Of Suspended Divorce (N.D.) /A. Layish -- Document Thirty Agreement On Child's Custody And Maintenance (1979) /A. Layish -- Document Thirty-One Replacement Of Guardian Of Minors' Property By A Shar'ī Qāḍī (1904) /A. Layish.

Law transforms our lives in the most important way: it changes how we act and because of this it gives rise to fundamental questions. One such question concerns legal authority and individual autonomy and asks; if we are autonomous agents how do legislators, judges and officials have legitimate authority to change our actions and indirectly change how we conduct our lives? The strategy of this article is to focus on the agent, i.e. the addressee of the legal command or directive who performs the action requested by the legal official. This strategy is bottom-up, from the level of agency and practical reason to the justificatory framework of authority.Key words: Individual Autonomy; Legal authority; Compliance Phenomenon. Resumo: O Direito transforma nossas vidas do modo mais importante: ele altera como nós agimos e, por causa disso, exsurgem uma série de questões fundamentais. Uma dessas questões se relaciona à autoridade do Direito e à liberdade individual, fazendo surgir a pergunta: se nós somos dotados de autonomia como indivíduos, como os legisladores, juízes e agentes públicos possuem autoridade legítima para mudar nossas ações e indiretamente alterar o modo como conduzimos nossas vidas? O objetivos deste artigo é focar no indivíduo, isto é, no destinatário do comando legal que pratica a ação requisitada pelo agente da lei. A estratégia, dessa forma, partir de baixo para cima, do nível do agente e da razão prática até o quadro justificador de autoridade. Palavras-chave: Autonomia individual; Autoridade legal; Fenômeno de Compliance.

Since it is imposed to thinking, deconstruction can be seen as a law, the Law itself. Deconstruction of law is to put it in the context of writing, to notice its submission to the différance, to the play in the language. The law of deconstruction acts in the deconstruction of law, revealing paradoxes and fragilities of juridical order, as well as concepts of natural law and human rights. Finally, deconstruction of law brings with it justice as undecidability, such as the obligation to make fair decisions, even when it is not possible to state the presence of justice. Law, writing and deconstruction converge then to justice, understood as the hospitality.

Questions surrounding the issue of medical records are always of great interest and importance. It is in this spirit that Scientia Medica is publishing an article on electronic patient record, a reality that, sooner or later, all institutions providing health care will have to adapt. It is true that many difficulties must be overcome before implementing, with absolute safety, the records in electronic media. Among other issues to be addressed are the legal issues. It is essential for medical and law professionals knowing the legal guidelines on the subject, allowing the construction of valid medical documents, both in electronic or traditional media, for patient care and also as a means of defense. The Federal Council of Medicine has been supplying various legislative absences with their resolutions. However, formal legislation on some issues relating to medical records, including those related to digital or computerized records, would confer the necessary legal safety for this process to walk much more advanced. ; As questões que circundam o tema do prontuário médico são sempre de grande interesse e importância. É com este espírito que a Scientia Medica está publicando artigo sobre o prontuário eletrônico do paciente, uma realidade à qual, mais cedo ou mais tarde, todas as instituições que prestam assistência à saúde terão que se adequar. É certo que inúmeras dificuldades deverão ser superadas antes da implementação, com absoluta segurança, do prontuário em meio eletrônico. Entre outras questões que deverão ser endereçadas, estão as questões jurídicas. É fundamental que os profissionais da medicina e do direito conheçam o manancial normativo sobre o assunto, possibilitando a construção de documentos médicos válidos, pelos meios tradicionais ou eletrônicos, tanto para a assistência do paciente quanto como meio de defesa legal. O Conselho Federal de Medicina vem suprindo diversas ausências legislativas com as suas Resoluções. Entretanto, a legislação formal sobre algumas questões relativas aos prontuários ...

Introdução / Antônio Rafael Barbosa e Brígida Renoldi -- O PCC : da organização à ética / Karina Biondi -- "A famosa boca do Paranapanema" : outras gestões do uso de crack / Taniele Rui -- Categorias em tráfico : o caso dos mercados de droga portugueses de pequena escala / Manuela Ivone Cunha -- Transando pasta base/paco : novas transações e nova pobreza nos contextos de uso de drogas em populações marginalizadas de Buenos Aires / Maria Epele (tradução de Marcos Veríssimo) -- Vai, levanta a mão! : a criminalidade vista a partir dos bailes funk em favelas do Rio de Janeiro / Carolina Christoph Grillo e Natasha Elbas Neri -- A favela é uma arma : considerações antropológicas sobre campos em fuga / Leonardo Sá -- Táxis na fronteira : disputas pelo espaço da rua em Corumbá/Ladário (Brasil)-Puerto Quijarro/Puerto Suarez (Bolívia) / Gustavo Villela Lima da Costa -- Adictos ou infratores? : as estratégias de um grupo de consumidores de drogas frente às práticas policiais e judiciárias em Buenos Aires / Florencia Corbelle (tradução de Marcos Veríssimo) -- Baseados na Lei ou legalizar o baseado : a atuação do Ministério Público na proibição do movimento social Marcha da Maconha e a formação de redes de militância pró cannabis / Mauro Leno Silvestrin

The cause of disagreement -- Disagreement over the rulings of the religion -- Against disagreement over the rulings of the religion -- The method of the adherents of the truth when the correct ruling on an issue is not known -- Against arbitrary submission to authority -- The difference between submission to illegitimate authorities and referral to the legitimate authorities -- Against consensus -- Against speculative -- Against analogy -- Against preference -- Against inference -- Against legal interpretation and personal judgment

This article aims to analyse the legal teaching in France. Our approach is guided by a double perspective: the distinction between critical and mundane schools and the notion of crisis, brought from political science. After a brief historical introduction, we will demonstrate how, in the twentieth century, the legal teaching developed itself and produced what we call "classical legal teaching model". Our focus, departing from that double perspective, aim to a dynamics where great social transformations cause strong impact in French university and, on the other hand, how the body of law scholars, to keep their domination position, get to transmit throw the crisis the elements that guarantee that domination, on the "legal science specificities" pretext. Heritage is the political science brought key-concept to understand that dynamics and the classic model production. Our conclusion is an attempt to confront that dynamics with the issues that the legal teaching faces nowadays – specially the discipline loss of centrality – asking the question of how this new crisis will be faced by The Law Schools. ; O presente artigo tem por objetivo analisar o ensino jurídico na França. Nosso olhar é guiado por uma dupla perspectiva: a distinção entre faculdades críticas e mundanas e a noção de crise, trazida da ciência política. Após brevíssima introdução histórica, demonstraremos como, nas duas metades do século xx, o ensino jurídico se desenvolveu e produziu o que chamamos de modelo clássico de ensino do direito. Nosso foco, a partir dessa dupla perspectiva, aponta para uma dinâmica em que grandes transformações sociais causam significativo impacto na universidade francesa, e, em contrapartida, para como o corpo de juristas, a fim de se manter na posição dominante, consegue transmitir, através das crises, os elementos que garantem essa dominação, calcados nas especificidades da ciência jurídica. O conceito-chave para compreender esta dinâmica e que ao fim produzirá o modelo clássico é o de herança, também trazido da ciência política. Em conclusão, tentaremos confrontar essa dinâmica com as questões que o ensino jurídico francês enfrenta hoje – mormente relacionadas à perda de centralidade da disciplina –, lançando o questionamento de como essa nova crise será enfrentada pelas faculdades de direito.

Commencing with an ironic parallel with some concepts of economic sciences, the author calls for an active solidarity of all jurists to safeguard a plural Europe, affected by a severe crisis. Firmly based on the thoughts of the honouree Cunha Rodrigues, the crucial importance of a homogeneous and trustworthy European Judiciary is also emphasized, in order to strengthen advances already provided by European Union Law, especially through the creative and innovative case law from the Court of Justice of the European Union. ; A partir de uma irónica analogia com alguns conceitos das Ciências Económicas, o autor reclama por uma ativa solidariedade dos juristas na salvaguarda de uma Europa plural, imersa hoje numa grave crise. Ancorado no pensamento do homenageado Conselheiro Cunha Rodrigues, enfatiza-se igualmente a importância crucial de um judiciário europeu homogéneo e merecedor da confiança dos cidadãos de forma a consolidar os progressos já proporcionados, no passado recente, pelo direito da União Europeia, em particular por força da jurisprudência criativa e inovadora do Tribunal de Justiça da União Europeia.

In the present paper we will analyze one of the trends of Russian legal philosophy which exerts a considerable influence on the political processes on-going in this country. This trend is revealed in so called state-centralism: an ideology according to which the State is omnipotent and can interfere with any matters without any limitation from inside or outside. This "ideology of Leviathan" has been many times articulated in legal philosophy, to begin with Plato or Aristotle. In Russia this ideology has found a fertile soil, as its waste spaces, heterogeneous population and unfriendly environment (both in political and natural senses) made it clear for many that without powerful central authorities there will be no further for such a big country. To wit, it will either fall apart as the French, British and other empires, or will need to get modernized and restructured according to the models of other big Western counties (like the US). This paper is developed on the base of two lectures that the present author gave in 2013 and 2014 at Law School of the Federal University of Parana grace to kind invitation and support of this School and to relentless efforts of Professor Cesar Serbena. We do hope that this paper will be an important adjunct to our lectures and will be helpful to those of our Brazilian colleagues who seek to understand the actual political situation in Russia, its implications and perspectives in the light of philosophical debates that underpin these discourses. ; No presente artigo analisaremos uma das tendências da filosofia jurídica russa que exerce uma influência considerável nos atuais processos políticos deste país. Essa tendência manifesta-se no chamado centralismo estatal: uma ideologia segundo a qual o Estado é onipotente e pode interferir em qualquer assunto, sem nenhuma limitação interna ou externa. Essa "ideologia do Leviatã" foi por muitas vezes articulada na filosofia jurídica; para começar, com Platão e Aristóteles, e, na Rússia, encontrou um solo fértil, pois seus territórios devastados, sua população heterogênea e seu ambiente pouco amigável (tanto política quanto naturalmente) deixaram claro para muitos que, sem autoridades centrais fortes, não haverá futuro para esse país tão grande. Em resumo, ou a Rússia ruirá como a Inglaterra, a França e outros impérios, ou precisará se modernizar e se reestruturar de acordo com os modelos de outros grandes países ocidentais (como os EUA). Este artigo foi desenvolvido com base em duas palestras que o presente autor apresentou em 2013 e em 2014 na Faculdade de Direito da Universidade Federal do Paraná graças ao convite e suporte desta Faculdade e aos esforços incansáveis do Professor Cesar Antonio Serbena. Nós sinceramente esperamos que este artigo seja uma importante adição às palestras e que seja de alguma ajuda aos nossos colegas brasileiros que buscam compreender a situação política atual da Rússia, assim como implicações e perspectivas sob a luz dos debates filosóficos que permeiam estes discursos.