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Disarmament, demobilization and reintegration (DDR) is a set of activities that forms part of the strategies for peacebuilding after civil war. DDR has become the standard way of addressing security threats in immediate post-conflict situations. However, DDR is designed to promote national security, rather than human or community security. This creates severe obstacles for success, if success is seen in terms of overall security promotion rather than defined merely by the number of arms collected and people demobilized. The reason is that if security at the community level is not improved, then people will be unable to abandon armed violence as a way of protection and of making a living. Disarmament in such a situation will probably be only temporary. Thus, it is a necessity for DDR to aim at community security. However, when community security becomes the aim, then this opens up questions about whether DDR is the most appropriate strategy. At best, it can be part of a more wide-ranging strategy, which in addition to top-down DDR programs also involves community-based activities. Altogether, such a holistic security promotion strategy should endeavor to make people and communities better able to protect themselves and to create a living that does not depend on war and violence. In other words, it should aim at making guns redundant 'Community-based' and 'Second-generation' DDR initiatives lend inspiration for such a wider security promotion approach. What they show is that the optimal approach is very context-specific. An analysis of the conflict, of local security mechanisms, and of the needs and capacities of communities, therefore, has to be the first step, despite the fact that this takes valuable time. Adapted from the source document.

This article examines the phenomenon of child soldiers in terms of disarmament, demobilization and reintegration (DDR). Does this process which aims to socially reintegrate soldiers specifically take into account child soldier? The fact remains that if the child soldier is cared for by the DDR programs, this coverage is still incomplete for lack of integration of certain factors is the cornerstone of its success. Therefore, this article proposes to make more effective DDR programs for better reintegration of child soldiers. Without these measures, these programs will remain incomplete and ineffective for many child soldiers recruited by armed forces and/or armed groups. Adapted from the source document.

Deutsche Demokratische Republik (DDR). Deals with exchange programs and cooperation between West German and East German libraries.

Deutsche Demokratische Republik (DDR). Excerpt from the author's book, "Westmedien in der DDR: Nutzung, Image und Auswirkungen bundesrepublikanischen Hörfunks und Fernsehens," Cologne, Verlag Wissenschaft und Politik, 1988. Based on a sample survey of East German immigrants in West Germany; includes discussion of attitude towards West German radio and television programs broadcast in East Germany.

Der Autor gibt einen informativen Überblick über die Haltung der DDR-Militärpolitik zu nationalen Befreiungskriegen und zur militärischen Verteidigung "revolutionärer Errungenschaften" in der Dritten Welt sowie über das dortige militärische Engagement der DDR, d.h. über die Waffenexporte und die Entsendung von Militärberatern der DDR. (BIOst-Klk)

Deutsche Demokratische Republik (DDR). First printed in: Dt Inst Wirtschaftsforsch Wochenber 53:611-19 N 27 '86. Covers the period 1970-1985. Includes information on new construction and renovation of residential buildings as well as discussion of the 1986-1990 East German construction program.

Aus Sicht der Bundesrepublik

Peter Ludes (Herausgeber): DDR-Fernsehen intern. Von der Honecker-Ära bis 'Deutschland einig Fernsehland'. Wissenschaftsverlag Volker Spiess, Berlin 1990. 366 Seiten, 48,- DM

The Funkhaus Nalepastrasse, the broadcasting studio in East Berlin, was a world apart. Five radio programs were broadcast all over the German Democratic Republic (GDR) from this central location. Radio documentaries, called features, were a permanent part of the program. Now for the first time, the numerous sound recordings, scripts, and papers of the GDR feature are evaluated in this book. In addition, 40 eyewitnesses have been interviewed about their work on the cultural programs: authors, dramaturges, and producers talk about their "radio niche". The book conveys a precise insight into the conditions of journalism and art in the "real existing socialism

Deutsche Demokratische Republik (DDR). Describes new programs and changes in the coverage and editorial policy of established ones.