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The French legislation has clearly recognised the surface transport noise problem. The European Commission has also recently proposed to extend noise reduction field by creating new indicators. Moreover, using the data processing in external acoustics allows to create models of the noise pollution spreading and to carry out noise maps. This research aims at formalizing this new geographical information using by spatial analysis, in order to fully integrate it in town and country planning decision process. It is the result of a research collaboration between the "Centre scientifique et technique du bâtiment" (CSTB) and SEIGAD laboratory from the Université Joseph Fourier (UJF). A methodological work has allowed to determine the necessary data for the noise propagation calculation, the method of collecting these data, the spatial and temporal scales of processing and the definition of the territorial vulnerability to noise. On the basis of this conceptual framework, the purpose is to produce a management and assessment tool of noise impacts on the territory. This means the creation of an interface between an external space noise modeling tool named Mithra and a geographical information system. We present two examples to validate this approach of noise impacts. The first one focuses on a tramway project in a dense urban district. The second one deals with the noise impacts problem in a periurban area. For each example, the geographical information relating to the noise exposition level is compared with various approaches of the territorial vulnerability to noise. ; Le bruit des transports terrestres est un problème clairement reconnu par la législation française. De même, la Commission Européenne propose actuellement d'étendre le champ de la lutte contre le bruit en créant de nouveaux indicateurs. Par ailleurs, l'utilisation de l'informatique en acoustique extérieure permet de modéliser la propagation des nuisances acoustiques et de réaliser des cartographies sonores. La présente recherche vise à formaliser l'usage ...

The French legislation has clearly recognised the surface transport noise problem. The European Commission has also recently proposed to extend noise reduction field by creating new indicators. Moreover, using the data processing in external acoustics allows to create models of the noise pollution spreading and to carry out noise maps. This research aims at formalizing this new geographical information using by spatial analysis, in order to fully integrate it in town and country planning decision process. It is the result of a research collaboration between the "Centre scientifique et technique du bâtiment" (CSTB) and SEIGAD laboratory from the Université Joseph Fourier (UJF). A methodological work has allowed to determine the necessary data for the noise propagation calculation, the method of collecting these data, the spatial and temporal scales of processing and the definition of the territorial vulnerability to noise. On the basis of this conceptual framework, the purpose is to produce a management and assessment tool of noise impacts on the territory. This means the creation of an interface between an external space noise modeling tool named Mithra and a geographical information system. We present two examples to validate this approach of noise impacts. The first one focuses on a tramway project in a dense urban district. The second one deals with the noise impacts problem in a periurban area. For each example, the geographical information relating to the noise exposition level is compared with various approaches of the territorial vulnerability to noise. ; Le bruit des transports terrestres est un problème clairement reconnu par la législation française. De même, la Commission Européenne propose actuellement d'étendre le champ de la lutte contre le bruit en créant de nouveaux indicateurs. Par ailleurs, l'utilisation de l'informatique en acoustique extérieure permet de modéliser la propagation des nuisances acoustiques et de réaliser des cartographies sonores. La présente recherche vise à formaliser l'usage ...

The French legislation has clearly recognised the surface transport noise problem. The European Commission has also recently proposed to extend noise reduction field by creating new indicators. Moreover, using the data processing in external acoustics allows to create models of the noise pollution spreading and to carry out noise maps. This research aims at formalizing this new geographical information using by spatial analysis, in order to fully integrate it in town and country planning decision process. It is the result of a research collaboration between the "Centre scientifique et technique du bâtiment" (CSTB) and SEIGAD laboratory from the Université Joseph Fourier (UJF). A methodological work has allowed to determine the necessary data for the noise propagation calculation, the method of collecting these data, the spatial and temporal scales of processing and the definition of the territorial vulnerability to noise. On the basis of this conceptual framework, the purpose is to produce a management and assessment tool of noise impacts on the territory. This means the creation of an interface between an external space noise modeling tool named Mithra and a geographical information system. We present two examples to validate this approach of noise impacts. The first one focuses on a tramway project in a dense urban district. The second one deals with the noise impacts problem in a periurban area. For each example, the geographical information relating to the noise exposition level is compared with various approaches of the territorial vulnerability to noise. ; Le bruit des transports terrestres est un problème clairement reconnu par la législation française. De même, la Commission Européenne propose actuellement d'étendre le champ de la lutte contre le bruit en créant de nouveaux indicateurs. Par ailleurs, l'utilisation de l'informatique en acoustique extérieure permet de modéliser la propagation des nuisances acoustiques et de réaliser des cartographies sonores. La présente recherche vise à formaliser l'usage ...

En utilisant l'agence de voyages comme modèle d'entreprise de services, l'auteur analyse les problématiques d'adaptation aux nouvelles technologies. Il dresse un bref historique de l'industrie du voyage et examine l'impact et le rôle des gouvernements et des organisations internationales sur le tourisme.Il décrit ensuite les forces et les faiblesses de ce type d'entreprise et évalue les risques qu'elle encoure et les opportunités qui s'offrent à elle. Il propose finalement un essai de modélisation qui table sur le regroupement, la formation continue et la diversification des activités