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Professor A. L. Goodhart, of Oxford, in a paper on "The Nature of International Law" indicates a field of research which has hitherto been somewhat neglected by international lawyers. He suggests that "some of the most distinguished writers on international law have not sufficiently emphasised in their definitions of international law the essential part played by the community." This criticism does not, in our opinion, apply only to the definition of international law. None of its main issues, such as recognition, state responsibility, protection of nationals and property abroad, extradition, neutrality, intervention, or the rules of warfare, can be seen in their proper perspective if we disregard this background and the fundamental changes now taking place in the social environment which Professor Goodhart calls the "community."

I. Undor Calculus and Charge-Conjugation -- Zusammenfassung. Resumo -- § 1. Introduction -- § 2. The Dirac wave-function (undor of the first rank) -- § 3. Charge-conjugation of four-spinors -- § 4. Neutrettors of the first rank -- § 5. Undors of the second rank -- § 6. Covariant undor calculus -- References -- II. The Undor Equation of the Meson Field -- Zusammenfassung. Resumo -- § 1. The Proca-Kemmer meson equation in undor notation -- § 2. The generalized meson equation and the neutretto equation -- § 3. The charge-conjugated meson equation -- § 4. The charge current-density and the magnetic moment of mesons -- § 5. Charge-invariance and statistics -- References -- III. The Heavy Quanta Theory of Nuclear and Cosmic Ray Phenomena -- § 1. Introduction -- § 2. The four types of meson fields proposed by Kemmer and the simplified deuteron problem -- § 3. The charge-dependence of nuclear forces -- § 4. Quantization and relativistic invariance of the theory -- § 5. Elimination of the longitudinal electromagnetic field -- § 6. Discussion of the Hamiltonian -- § 7. The heavy quanta interaction between nuclons -- § 8. The deuteron problem -- § 9. The neutron-proton scattering -- § 10. The spontaneous disintegration of heavy quanta. -- § 11. The ?-disintegration of instable nuclei -- § 12. Scattering and absorption of mesons by nuclei -- § 13. Discussion of the limits and the value of the theory -- References -- Samenvatting.

The diplomatic relations between China and Russia in the past decade present a tangle of converging factors among which the Chinese revolution, the World War, and the Russian revolution play a great part. They are, however, only a phase in the larger process of imperial dissolution and national revival which has encompassed both the Russian and Chinese states and remarkably transformed them within the space of a generation. It is in relation to the forces unleashed by the disintegration of the Romanov and Manchu empires that the decade's changes in diplomatic policy must be viewed.The most significant factor underlying the reorientation of Russian and Chinese foreign policy was the abolition of the monarchy in each country; for, with the fall of the imperial houses, came the beginnings of political and administrative disintegration, the resurgence of local nationalism, and the loosing of the centrifugal forces which the defunct dynasties had held in check. It is not our problem here to trace the constitutional consequences of such a vacancy of power in either domain, but to note the salient fact that it was a difficult, if not impossible, task immediately to create an efficient substitute authority for the dead and departed emperors, and that, in view of that difficulty, provincial separatism was for a time allowed to gain such headway as to constitute a serious menace to the national integrity of both the dissolving empires.

In recent years, public opinion in the democratic countries has become increasingly aware of the dangers inherent in the unlimited competition of a host of rival nationalistic movements and sovereign nation-states. Having recognized it as a danger to be overcome, many liberal thinkers, like the experts of the Royal Institute of International Affairs, or Mr. Max Lerner, are prone to assume that the trend toward nationalistic disintegration has already reached its peak. Many consequent suggestions of policy are based on the assumption that nationalism is declining, or about to decline.

In the present crisis of Europe, some forward-looking observers are placing their ultimate hope in a corporative order. Within the first pages of a book recently published in Paris, a young French economist states that in the light of his country's defeat, "the modes of thought and action of a whole century, the XIXth, have been judged by their results and found wanting;" furthermore, under the stimulus of individualistic and utilitarian philosophies, joined with economic liberalism, a "disintegration" of society has resulted. After a close analysis of ancient and modern corporative regimes, Professor Denis concludes: "The only chance for salvation seemingly lies in the desperate effort of a small number of the old countries of the West to recreate a new community spirit, one manifestation of which would be the fostering of vocational groups. If this effort were not made or should fail, Europe would suffer irremediable decadence. … a new Dark Ages, without the hope of the Thirteenth Century." We can recognize in this threat the pessimistic frame of mind which was so characteristic of young European intellectuals during the past decade. We shall see, however, that psychology is no less necessary than political science and economics for an understanding of the corporative movement in Europe.