The article examines the ecological and economic mechanism for the elimination of accumulated environmental damage (NEU) in the Arctic, the development of recommendations for further improvement of such a mechanism, including programmatic methods. The issues of the state of the environment and environmental safety in the Arctic zone of Russia are considered. The main attention is paid to the formation of a program to eliminate NEU on polluted islands and other territories. The results obtained were included in the development of the Program for the Elimination of Accumulated Environmental Damage on the Polluted Islands of the Franz Josef Land Archipelago, and in the preparation of proposals for the further planning and organization of cleanup work. In general, the cleaning of the islands, carried out in the period 2012-2017, showed high performance. It is necessary to expand this type of work in other contaminated areas located in the Arctic, to develop a special program "Ecological safety of the Arctic zone", to develop scientific research on Arctic topics.
В настоящей статье вниманию читателей предлагается обзор основных экономических и торговых факторов, определявших взаимодействие Советского Союза и Соединенных Штатов Америки в период «непризнания» с 1922 по 1933 гг. Несмотря на отсутствие официальных дипломатических отношений между странами, данный период характеризуется интенсификацией торговых и экономических взаимосвязей. Подробный и глубокий анализ указанных явлений позволит по-новому взглянуть на одну из самых сложных проблем истории рассматриваемого периода – причины разворота внешнеполитического курса США и признания СССР как субъекта международных отношений и права.
Problem statement. Drawing on macroeconomic analysis (2011-2019), the author formulates the key problems in the functioning of retail segment of the national payment system: a) differentiation of regions according to the degree of payment infrastructure development; b) disproportion in the availability of trace elements of the payment infrastructure; c) high cost of acquiring services. The underlying scientific hypothesis is the possibility to overcome the above-mentioned problems by introducing retail payments using QR codes. The study examines economic relations arising in calculations using QR codes in Russia's retail payment system. The methodological base of the study includes theoretical assumptions of banking management, as well as a problem-oriented approach. The study identifies a range of economic problems in the implementation of QR settlements in Russia which include: the need to upgrade mobile banking; banks' lack of interest in promoting QR code settlements due to fears of lower transaction returns; a decrease in citizens' interest in cashless payments caused by a contraction in bank loyalty programs; the inertia of entrepreneurs unwilling to switch from cash-based interaction with customers; the inertia of some customers and their lack of financial literacy; cyber threats; risks of unfair behavior of buyers. The author offers and justifies the ways to overcome them. The findings may help improve state regulation in Russia's financial and banking sector.
The paper looks same results of last years inter-branch science investigations and follow inevitable inclusion the results in context of economic theory. New parts of inter-branch sciences (behavioral, evolutional, institutional and other economics) doubts of evidence of traditional economic theory main postulates, and offer alternative conceptions for explanation economic phenomena. This is a challenge to economists who maintains of stable fundamentals.
The article addresses the methodological problems of economics related to realistic and credible aspect of economic models and concepts and looking for possible solutions. The subject of the study presented in this article is evolution of the economic concepts taken by economists to justify their position on the issue of economics faithfulness, their main arguments for and against using realistic assumption in economic theory. We consider the transformation in economics issue before and after financial crises and discuss future of neuroeconomics as tool for overcoming the fundamental methodological problem in economics relating to using realistic assumptions and the quality of economic theory's predictions. The article is of interest to researchers in methodology of economics, and for a wide range of readers interested in the development prospects of economics.
In article the interrelation of current political crisis in the Special administrative region of the People's Republic of China Siangtan (Hong Kong) with change of its importance for transit of the capital from continental China in offshore jurisdictions and its return as part of transformation of a situation in the People's Republic of China is considered. The conclusion about the serious financial reasons for development of crisis in the direction of strengthening of separatist sentiments in Hong Kong is drawn and related aggravation of a military-political situation.
The article is devoted to the actual problem of social services for elderly citizens at home. The whole social service system requires modernization based on the principles of providing social services to form motivation for active longevity and to develop social interaction of the elderly. The article deals with the issues of socialization of older people, its features, objective and subjective factors, the opinions of scientists on the factors, typology of socialization. There are presented the main problems of elderly people receiving services of social service institutions in the Russian Federation, identified on the basis of statistical data. There are outlined directions of the State strategy for development of the system of social services for older generation, improvement of their quality of life and active longevity under the conditions of socio-economic crisis. The author uses the results of own sociological survey of408 elderly respondents receiving social services in the social service institutions for the elderly. The importance of the services related to maintaining healthy and socially active longevity, organization of life and leisure, constructive interaction with relatives, for successful socialization of elderly people is shown. It is established that the most intensive socialization occurs in the process of providing social and socio-medical services. The dominant setting of elderly people is preservation of health; at the same time, it is the state of health that mostly determines the success of socialization of the elderly. For their active and healthy longevity elderly people prefer primarily cultural, educational, sports activities. However, many rely on the support of social service organizations.
The development of society in the context of globalization determines the need to search for the possibility of combining the universalization and localization of geoculture. These processes of globalization have an impact on the content and forms of transformation of the Eurasian geocultural space. The problem field of research is connected with the objective need to analyze the evolution of geoculture, to understand geoculture as a system characterizing the relations of general civilization universals and local specifics. The application of the civilizational approach makes it possible to identify trends in the socio-cultural development of local communities in the geocultural space, to solve the problems of coherence of locality and globality. Local communities are in a transitional stage of their development due to industrial, economic, institutional and socio-cultural processes, changes and the introduction of unusual patterns of life attitudes. It is shown that local communities in the process of transformation unite into a specific socio-territorial location. On the one hand, in their development, local communities are subject to the general laws of transformation in the context of global and regional restructuring. On the other hand, models of socio-cultural behavior are formed depending on the resources and technologies available to the community, expressed in an attempt to preserve the traditional way of life.
Assimilation of local cultures is accompanied by polarization of geocultural space, which contributes to the development of isolation and diversification of sociocultures. Geocultural processes influence the transformation of value-normative attitudes, contribute to the growth of social stratification, and increase social inequality. The socio-cultural tradition on which the life of local communities is built legitimizes the primacy of the community over the individual. Closed society, resists modernization processes. In geoculture, consensus about the foundations of life and the goals of the community is disappearing. The development of a multicultural world exacerbates the problem of understanding and preserving the socio-cultural identity of local communities. The study of the emerging geocultural models of the development of local communities determines the possibilities of theoretical substantiation of alternative scenarios for modeling the transformation of socio-cultural identity.
The article presents a review of an international scientific conference organized by the MSU Faculty of Economics together with academic council "Center for Social Sciences" on October 24-25, 2017. The conference was devoted to the centenary of the Great Russian Revolution. The conference participants presented their views on historical and economic aspects, as well as social basis of the Great Russian Revolution. The article reveals its influence on subsequent economic, social and political developments in Russia and the world, and its connection with the present.
The processes of the development of a market economy, entailing the commercialization in all spheres of social life, raise the question of the correlation between the role of human beings as economic subjects and our role as moral beings. In economics, this this issue is associated with the discussion about the way norms pervade economic theory, expressed in the dichotomy between holistic and individualistic methods. The scope of the influence of governmental bodies and large corporate structures on the socio-economic, cultural and natural environment highlights the philosophical problem of applying moral criteria to collective economic actors, which is reflected in the concept of corporate social responsibility (CSR). The author, in this paper, opines that the question of introducing ethical principles into economic practice cannot be entirely resolved within the framework of economic theory and requires an appeal to moral philosophy. The problem of the correlation between the economic and the moral spheres is considered on the basis of V.S. Solovyov's work "The Justification of the Good". The principal economic ideas stated in this work are discussed in the context of assessments by past and present researchers, of economic history, and of philosophical and economic-managerial conceptions. The author presents a comparative analysis of V.S. Solovyov's ideas about the correlation between economics and morality and the principal ideas behind corporate social responsibility. The author reveals axiological and teleological differences between the two conceptions. Whereas V.S. Solovyov deals with moral and religious categories and notions of progress, the concept of corporate social responsibility is based on economic and legal priorities and is focused on sustainable development. At the same time, the similarities identified between the concepts (such as their complex nature, the acknowledgement of the role of moral principles of the economic participants, the importance of environmental issues and legal regulators) lead us to conclude about the possibility of their further convergence and the surmounting of the limitations of corporate social responsibility based on the teachings of V.S. Solovyov.
The aim of this study is to identify problems and identify options to improve current approaches to securing financial resources of innovation activities of enterprises. The study used the methods of systematic and comparative analysis. According to the results of the study proposed a scheme of funding sources and forms of innovation in enterprises. The novelty of the scheme is presented in a comprehensive approach, which shows the sources of funding for innovation activities by type of property ownership levels, relative to the property, as well as forms of financing innovative enterprises. In addition, on the basis of the study authors proposed an algorithm of financing innovative enterprises, based on debt issuance. The developed algorithm allows the use of innovative financing in the process of the most important sources of funds from various fields and thus solve the problem of resource support for innovation. The novelty of this algorithm is a sequential process involving the investment of various categories of potential investors for the financing of innovative companies in the Russian Federation. The proposed financial instruments aimed at stimulating innovation in enterprises.
The article discusses the gender aspects of health, proceeding from the assumption that taking them into account is likely to increase the effectiveness of motivational measures in the field of forming healthy lifestyles. The methodological basis of this paper is the concept of health promotion supported by WHO that is based on intersectoral and interdisciplinary approaches. It incorporates both a certain system of values, primarily active involvement of people in maintaining their health, and a set of state activities, among which motivating people to healthy lifestyles is important. Behavioral economics as an area of an interdisciplinary research on decision-making substantiates the mechanisms that should be used, among other things, to achieve the goals of healthcare policy, and to solve such problems of modern society as lack of physical activity, tobacco and alcohol abuse, and unhealthy diet.Gender approach that includes gender aspects in the process of analyzing the situation and making political decisions aimed at improving population health becomes a precondition for increasing the effectiveness of motivational measures taken in the interests of promoting the health of citizens. The results of the surveys on the impact of behavioral factors on the health status of the population of Russia conducted by the Russian statistical agency (Rosstat) in 2013 and 2018 were used as a source of empirical data. They made it possible to identify both the differences and the similarities of women and men with regard to behavior motives concerning certain parameters of a healthy lifestyle, namely physical activities and diet. The authors conclude that, despite the importance of using measures aimed at changing behavior, sustainable overcoming of gender stereotypes depends on the intersection of behavioral and socio-economic determinants of health and healthy behavior.
The article discusses three main areas of interdisciplinary research of the phenomenon of "tourism" with the aim to increase the effectiveness of its socio-economic functioning. These areas include an expansion of study scope at the expense of attraction of scientific research in the related science areas, a multiplicative analysis of the interaction of tourism and other industries, research in the complex range of services with underlying tourism product. The proposed multidisciplinary research should be based both on theoretical developments and empirical material, reflecting the dynamics of the market of tourist services.
Russian scientific economic literature continues to discuss the problem of the modern evolution of political economy as a science and its return as an academic discipline in the number of mandatory university courses. In this regard, the article, firstly, examines the historical fate and the current state of Marxist political economy, emphasizes its fundamental difference from other economic theories. Secondly, — considerable attention is paid to neoclassical economic theory and an academic discipline called «economics». The historical circumstances of the emergence of this term are shown and the place of neoclassicism in the Western classification of economic sciences is characterized. Thirdly, — for a comprehensive analysis of the economy, it is proposed to use general economic theory as a combination (a special kind of aggregate) of all modern schools, directions and programs of economic theory, unified in the object, but differing in the subject and method of research. It is emphasized that the role of the basis and historically and logically the initial component of this theory is played by political economy.
