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I was invited to prepare an interpretative essay on this subject. That, and nothing more, is what this paper aspires to be. It is not a monograph and any resemblance it may bear to historiography or bibliography is purely coincidental.Any essay on economic factors in the Latin American independence movement labors under a heavy heuristic handicap. The difficulty begins with the paucity of basic economic studies of the period. This deficiency was noted by Charles Griffin ten years ago in a related paper; little progress towards filling the gap has been made since.In so far as it is possible to identify and evaluate the economic factors in the independence movement, they appear less important than the political and perhaps other factors. This is almost certainly so if the question is one of conscious motivation, and probably so whatever the terms of the question.

Economic development in knowledgeable circles has a missing
dimension— the non-economic, which is not quantifiable. Development, a
leading sector in national transformation, is rooted in nonmaterial
factors and requires a positive feedback between culture, economy, and
polity. I would invite attention to an insightful comment from a
practising professional economist: 'The need for economic growth in a
developing country has few if any economic springs. It arises from a
desire to assume full status by taking part in an industrial
Civilisation, participation in which alone enables a nation or
individual to compel others to treat it as an equal. Inability to take
part in it makes a nation militarily powerless against neighbours,
administratively unable to control its own citizens, and culturally
incapable of speaking the international language'.

AbstractHow the New York regional survey is helping to put city plannig on a safe and sure basis.

AbstractThis study investigates the relationship between macro‐economic factors and the time pattern of the degree of merger activity in the U.S. economy. The results of the study imply that whether mergers are motivated by operating or financial synergy, they are closely related to macro‐economic factors. The findings also indicate that this relationship is stronger for pure conglomerate than for non‐conglomerate mergers, and that while the impact of the interest rate on "cash" mergers is positive, for "securities" mergers the impact is negative.