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This work examines the current state of Russian education on the basis of data of the researches which were carried out in recent years in our educational institutions. The main attention is focused on an explanation of existing distinctions and identification of the factors influencing the training results rather than on ranging educational institutions by level of pupil preparation. Similar researches make it possible to reveal strong sides and weaknesses of Russian education and to trace a course of actions for more effective achievement of the scheduled purposes.

The article analyses the modern state, tendencies and problems of education development in Ukraine. The subject of research is the system of education of Ukraine. The aim of the study is to analyze the current state of education, determination of problems and trends of its development at the present stage. In the research were used to general scientific and special methods: analysis and synthesis, analogies and comparisons, statistical, expert assessments, etc. The results of the work. Based on current status of education of Ukraine. Analyzed the main indicators of the level of education financing in Ukraine. Determined that the reasons which negatively affect the development of the education system in Ukraine are: political instability in the country, GDP and GNP, insufficient financing of the education sector (financed mainly only protected entries), inefficient use of available resources and leverage, imperfect legal framework, outdated physical infrastructure, unfavourable investment climate, the ineffective functioning of public-legal institutions, the «brain drain abroad,» and other factors. Conclusions. Comparing education in Ukraine in the first years of independence and today, we can say that it has undergone significant changes, namely in the quality of education, methods of teaching etc. In the world today there are many problems, but we need to begin to solve them with education, although few are fully aware of the basic problems of modern education and ways of their solution. If you do not solve the problem of education, then there is no reason to start solving other problems, because they all come back. Because the education system has a huge impact on the mind, thoughts and feelings. The development of the modern structure of the education sector needs to provide optimal conditions for the functioning and development of the education system and all its subsystems, the implementation of various educational models, the existence of educational institutions of different types and forms of ownership, ...

Tung Yan Wah. ; Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2005. ; Includes bibliographical references (leaves 83-87). ; Abstracts in English and Chinese. ; Abstract --- p.i ; 摘要 --- p.ii ; Acknowledgement --- p.iii ; Table of Contents --- p.iv ; List of Tables --- p.v ; Chapter Chapter 1 --- Introduction --- p.1 ; Chapter 1.1 --- History of education financing --- p.2 ; Chapter 1.2 --- Fiscal system and the financing of rural education --- p.4 ; Chapter 1.3 --- Purpose of this study --- p.8 ; Chapter Chapter 2 --- Literature Review --- p.11 ; Chapter 2.1 --- Problems and issues --- p.11 ; Chapter 2.2 --- Disparity in education provision --- p.14 ; Chapter 2.3 --- Factors explaining variations in education expenditure: regression analysis --- p.19 ; Chapter 2.4 --- Financing arrangement --- p.21 ; Chapter 2.5 --- Concluding remarks --- p.26 ; Chapter Chapter 3 --- Methodology --- p.28 ; Chapter 3.1 --- Estimation of degree of provision --- p.28 ; Chapter 3.2 --- Regression analysis --- p.35 ; Chapter 3.3 --- Education transfer mechanism --- p.39 ; Chapter 3.4 --- Concluding remarks --- p.42 ; Chapter Chapter 4 --- Results and Discussion --- p.43 ; Chapter 4.1 --- Degree of provision --- p.43 ; Chapter 4.2 --- Regression results --- p.47 ; Chapter 4.3 --- Education transfer mechanism --- p.49 ; Chapter 4.4 --- Concluding remarks --- p.53 ; Chapter Chapter 5 --- Conclusion --- p.55 ; Appendix 1 Box 1 --- p.59 ; Appendix 2 Tables --- p.60 ; References --- p.83

The article is about an emergence and development of inclusive education as a new direction in pedagogical theory and practice. The process of integration of children with special educational needs is one of the directions of humanization of the whole system of education and answers the priorities of state politics. It consists in of: personal orientation of education, creation of equal possibilities to get good education for children, providing ofvariability of education taking into account the capabilities of pupils. The basic issues of development of inclusive education in Lviv are considered in the article: the issues of professional competence of teachers; the issues of co-operation of children with the special educational needs with healthy children; the issues of organization of educational process in an inclusive class. Much attention is given to the current state of inclusion in Lviv. The article gives a detailed analysis of the theoretical developments and practical experience of some secondary schools in Lviv where inclusive education first emerged and continues to develop at a steady pace. The experience of the Ukrainian-Canadian project "Inclusive Education for Children with Disabilities in Ukraine" is described in the article . The article is important because there are the possible aspects of further development of the inclusive study.Key words: inclusion, inclusive education, children with special educational needs, "society for all". ; Досліджено проблему становлення та розвитку нового напряму педагогічної науки та практики – інклюзивної освіти. Особливу увагу приділено сучасному стану інклюзивного навчання у Львові. Розкрито особливості теоретичних напрацювань та практичного досвіду деяких загальноосвітніх шкіл м. Львів, де започаткована й активно розвивається інклюзивна форма навчання. Окреслено можливі перспективи подальшого розвитку цієї моделі навчання.Ключові слова: інклюзія, інклюзивна освіта, діти з особливими освітніми потребами, "суспільство для всіх".

This article is devoted to a comparative analysis of the basis for youth education concepts of political, patriotic and civic education. Today, the problem of integrating the educational component into the system of state policy in the field of higher education and state youth policy is of high relevance, that's why the problem of youth education are widely presented in scientific discourse. The most political science studies are devoted to patriotic education and less to civic education. As a result, Russian social and humanitarian scholars examine exclusively the theoretical, methodological and instrumental foundations of these areas of educational activity. At the same time, the political education is poorly studied both at the conceptual and methodological levels, which is associated with the reduction of the political component in educational processes for a long time.

In the last thirty years we witnessed to a number of relevant innovations and changes. Some of them belong to the information technology domain and parts of them were the reason why the IT domain became the ICT domain. In order to better understand problems and issues related to education and learning it is useful to outline some of the most relevant achievements and milestones in the technological domain. If we focus on the European approach to the spread of information technology termed in the '90ies "Information Society" we can find initiatives such as i2015 the EU policy framework for the information society and media for the 1 next decade and, at global level, the WSIS+10 a ten years activity aimed to draw the guidelines for an harmonious and fruitful development of the information society. It promotes the positive contribution that information and communication technologies can make to the economy, society and personal quality of life. Everyone experienced in "ICT based innovation" knows that "It is not only a matter of technology". Of course technology advances are one of the potential actors as in the case of the diffusion of personal computing or easy access to digital networking. Anyway different parameters are actively influencing e-Services success or failure: cultural aspects, organisational issues, bureaucracy and workflow, infrastructure and technology in general, user's habits, literacy, capacity, market models, interaction design or merely mind-set! Before looking in detail how all these aspects are impacting on education and learning let's take into account some additional relevant aspects.

Peculiarities and differences of the religious studies and religious (spiritual)education, its nowadays status in Ukraine are explored. The author proves thenecessity and legitimateness of secularism and afterwards religious studies orientation of the state educational system in Ukraine. ; У статті розкриваються особливості і відмінністьрелігієзнавчої та релігійної (духовної) освіти, їх нинішній стан в Україні. Обґрунтовується необхідністьі правомірності світськості, а відтак релігієзнавчостівсієї системи державної освіти країни.

The article deals with the main directions of cooperation in the sphere of education within the framework of the Union State. The novelty of the study lies in the fact that for the first time it formulates and introduces the authors' research position, clearly outlines the boundaries separating the processes which take place within the Union State, and traces the development of the Russian-Belarusian interaction. In the context of this concept the authors identify and formulate the main stages of development of these processes and systematize the main trends of formation of the normative-legal base of the common educational space and measures for its practical implementation. They examine the interaction between the Russian Federation and the Republic of Belarus within the Union State framework in the general context of the Union State building. The following stages are outlined: the preliminary stage from 1995 through 1999 included the maintenance of equal rights of citizens at the level of interstate relations and in the beginning of the Union State building; the second stage from 1999 through 2012 provided the normative-legal base of the educational space of the Union State and implementation of the existing norms; the third stage from 2012 through 2018 was characterized by gradual growth of attention of the governing bodies of the Union State to the problems of humanitarian cooperation, adaptation of the normative-legal acts to the actual changes in the sphere of education of the two countries; the fourth stage from 2018 until now is regarded as a high time for formation of a single space of education of the Union State for further development of integration. The article categorizes and characterizes the actions taken by the bodies of the Union State, educational institutions and professional circles in order to develop cooperation in the field of education. The study identifies the role of diaspora public organizations in the processes under consideration. The authors conclude about the special role of educational and scientific organizations, professional associations and civil society institutions of the two countries in the development of a unified educational space.

The emblem of the Federal Education and Science Supervision Service contains a crossing of the scroll (a symbol of knowledge) and the so-called fasces, Lictor's axe and a bundle of rods. The Romans borrowed this sinister symbol from the Etruscans. It meant the right of authorities to execute and punish their people. The same symbol can be seen in the emblems of two more government agencies: Federal Penal Service and Federal Bailiff Service. It comes to mind that "fascism" derives from "fasces", doesn't it? The character of the present-day government policy towards the system of higher education is rather penal. The flow of new prohibitions, restrictions and demands coming from the power structures is very strong. As usual, the purposes are good: to raise the quality of education, to stop "selling diplomas", and to bring Russian institutions of higher education to the level of high international ratings. How efficient is this policy? Does it encourage renovation of the system of higher education? Does it support the leading universities in their competition for a student or a highly qualified professor, as well as for the prestige of Russian architectural school? Where does the current trend in professional education lead? Does it have any alternatives? As usual, the materials of the Education section are full of urgent and thorny issues. ; В гербе Федеральной службы по надзору в сфере образования и науки (Рособрнадзора) изображены скрещенный свиток (символ знаний) и так называемый фасций, ликторский топорик и пучок розог, стянутых ремнем. Символ, надо сказать, довольно зловещий: римляне переняли этот символ у этрусков, и означал он право властей казнить и наказывать своих подданных. Этот же символ присутствует в гербах еще двух государственных структур – Федеральной службы исполнения наказаний и Федеральной службы судебных приставов. Не вспомнить ли, что от слова «фасций» происходит слово «фашизм»? Современная политика государства по отношению к системе высшего образования в значительной степени несет карательный характер. Все новые запреты, ограничения, требования бурным потоком льются из властных кабинетов. Цель, как всегда, вполне благая – повысить качество образования, прекратить «торговлю дипломами», вывести российские вузы на уровень высоких международных рейтингов. Насколько эффективна такая политика? Способствует ли она обновлению системы высшего образования? Помогает ли передовым вузам в борьбе за абитуриента, за преподавателя высшей квалификации, за авторитет российской школы архитектурного образования? Куда ведет отечественную архитектуру сегодняшний тренд в профессиональном образовании и есть ли ему альтернативы?Как обычно, материалы раздела «Образование» полны вопросов – жгучих, болезненных, актуальных.

Cheung, Hin Wah. ; Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2010. ; Includes bibliographical references (leaves 206-216). ; Abstracts in English and Chinese; appendix 2 in English and Chinese. ; Abstract --- p.i ; Abstract in Chinese (摘要) --- p.ii ; List of Figures and Tables --- p.vii ; Abbreviations Glossary --- p.ix ; Chapter Chapter 1 --- Introduction --- p.1 ; Chapter 1.1 --- Introduction --- p.1 ; Chapter 1.2 --- "Research Background, Significance and Question" --- p.4 ; Chapter 1.3 --- Research Structure --- p.10 ; Chapter 1.3.1 --- Research Subject and Time Period --- p.10 ; Chapter 1.3.2 --- Research Objectives --- p.11 ; Chapter 1.3.3 --- Hypotheses --- p.12 ; Chapter 1.3.4 --- Research Methodology --- p.14 ; Chapter 1.3.5 --- Limits of the Research --- p.16 ; Chapter 1.4 --- Thesis Structure --- p.17 ; Chapter Chapter 2 --- Literature Review: Theoretical Discussion --- p.24 ; Chapter 2.1 --- Introduction --- p.24 ; Chapter 2.2 --- The Concept of Religion and Politics --- p.24 ; Chapter 2.3 --- Church-State Relations --- p.30 ; Chapter 2.3.1 --- Role of Church --- p.30 ; Chapter 2.3.2 --- The Models of Church-State Relations --- p.32 ; Chapter 2.3.3 --- Types of interaction between Church and State --- p.39 ; Chapter 2.4 --- Education: A Battlefield between Church and State --- p.42 ; Chapter 2.5 --- Political Bargaining & Decision --- p.44 ; Chapter 2.6 --- Conclusion --- p.46 ; Chapter Chapter 3 --- "Church-State Relations in Hong Kong: Three governments, Four religions, Different relations" --- p.49 ; Chapter 3.1 --- Introduction --- p.49 ; Chapter 3.2 --- Church-State relations in the colonial age --- p.49 ; Chapter 3.2.1 --- Catholicism and Protestant Christianity --- p.51 ; Chapter 3.2.2 --- Buddhism and Taoism --- p.55 ; Chapter 3.3 --- Church-State Relations in the transition period and after the return of sovereignty --- p.59 ; Chapter 3.3.1 --- HKSAR Government & Four Religious Bodies --- p.60 ; Chapter 3.3.2 --- Chinese Government & Four Religious Bodies --- p.69 ...

UK: Визначено завдання та основні проблемні аспекти державного регулювання на ринковому просторі послуг вищої освіти. Досліджено стан та аспекти державного регулювання діяльності закладів вищої освіти провідних країн світу з акцентом на США та Великобританії як країнах-лідерах вищої освіти на планеті. Вказується на значну децентралізацію державного регулювання діяльності вишів у цих країнах порівняно з українською системою державного регулювання вищої освіти. Під-креслюється щорічне зростання рівня відкритості системи вищої освіти в США. Наголошується на виключно правильному напрямі державної політики США, націленої на те, щоб елітні коледжі та університети США були найпрестижнішими у світі, що робить їх особливо привабливими для міжнародних студентів, професорів та дослідників у пошуках академічної досконалості. Розглянуто приклад успішності Массачусетського технологічного інституту, який здобув популярність у світі, зокрема за рахунок фінансової підтримки власної дослідницької бази. Наголошується, що саме таку модель державного регулювання вищої освіти рекомендується брати за приклад в Україні, що дозволить зробити вітчизняну вищу освіту популярною серед студентів усього світу та запобігатиме відтоку перспективних учених за кордон. EN: The main task of state regulation in the market of education services is to create the necessary conditions for the activities of higher education institutions. Higher education US and UK traditionally refer to the so-called liberal or market model, which is characterized by a high degree of decentralization of management and diversi cation of higher education systems. For example, in the United States, each state has an organization whose mission is to promote coordination and cooperation between higher education institutions. A distinctive feature of the North American Higher Education System, which operates in the United States, is the large variety of institutions of higher education, which has about 20 million students. The United States government policy is aimed at making elite colleges and universities in the United States the most prestigious in the world. An example of the best-performing American university in the world is the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, which is the most popular and most successful technological hub in the world, with a priority focus on the training of researchers (postgraduates). Thanks to the powerful  nancial support of the state, the MIT has the best base of  xed assets, the best equipment for research, thanks to which a lot of advanced technologies in the world have been developed in its walls. Similar tendencies are noted in the development of the British system of higher education, but it should be noted and some speci c features of the development of high school in Great Britain at the present stage. As the experience of developed countries shows with advanced higher education systems, in particular, the United States, success in the educational sphere can be achieved precisely due to well-considered state regulation, which manifests itself not in the bureaucratic control and thorough regulation of the activity of higher education, namely in the elaboration of the concept and strategic plan of the activity of higher education, as well as creating favorable conditions for the growth of the prestige of the country's higher education.

The environmental component of education determines the socio-economic foundations of society and is the basic component of the state environmental policy. The nature of interaction with the environment at the personal level and society makes it possible to implement the concept of sustainable development, and therefore the assessment of the current state of higher environmental education in Ukraine is an urgent problem. The purpose of article is to analyze the formation and current state of higher environmental education in Ukraine, which is the central link in the system of continuous environmental education. An important step in the development of the system of continuous environmental education, in particular higher environmental education, was the development of the Concept of Environmental Education of Ukraine (2001), the principles of which were not properly implemented. The content of higher environmental education is reflected in four generations of standards for higher environmental education in Ukraine, which took into account changes in the relevant regulatory and legislative documents and requirements for the content and results of educational activities of higher educational institutions within certain areas of training and specialties. The article describes the structure and content of standards of higher environmental education in Ukraine. Despite the fact that the environmental component currently prevails in the form of education that most consider education for sustainable development, yet this is only the beginning of the formation of a new system-integrated model of education for sustainable development. The importance of greening and ideas of sustainable development is reflected in the current standards of higher education in Ukraine for applicants for higher education "bachelor" of all specialties. But the environmental component is still absent in the educational programs and curricula of many specialties of "non-environmental" higher education institutions, is not due attention is paid ...

In the conditions of modern transformations education comes forward as a leading factor in forming of the social state that induces personality to free development in the суб'єктивованому measuring and on forming of permanent frames of society in the об'єктивованому measuring. Ukraine appears before an important choice in relation to further development in direction of sociality, and also by the calls of the globalized world and market, integrated in outer and European economic and educational space.Key words: the state, education, modernisation, democratization of education, world view priorities, tendency, evolution ; В умовах сучасних перетворень освіта виступає провідним чинником у формуванні соціальної держави, що спонукає особистість до вільного розвитку у суб'єктивованому вимірі та на формування сталих соціальних систем в об'єктивованому вимірі. Україна постає перед важливим вибором щодо подальшого розвитку в напрямку соціальності, а також викликами глобалізованого світу і ринку, інтегруючись в світовий і європейський економічний і освітній простір.Ключові слова: держава, освіта, модернізація, демократизація освіти, світоглядні пріоритети, тенденція, еволюціяВ условиях современных превращений образование выступает в качестве ведущего фактора в формировании социального государства, которое побуждает личность к свободному развитию в субъективном измерении и на формирование постоянных социальных систем в объективном измерении. Украина оказывается перед важным выбором относительно дальнейшего развития в направлении социальности, а также вызовами глобализованого мира и рынка, интегрируясь в мировое и европейское экономическое и образовательное пространство.Ключевые слова: государство, образование, модернизация, демократизация образования, мировоззренческие приоритеты, тенденция, эволюция. In the conditions of modern transformations education comes forward as a leading factor in forming of the social state that induces personality to free development in the суб'єктивованому measuring and on forming of permanent frames of society in the об'єктивованому measuring. Ukraine appears before an important choice in relation to further development in direction of sociality, and also by the calls of the globalized world and market, integrated in outer and European economic and educational space.Key words: the state, education, modernisation, democratization of education, world view priorities, tendency, evolution