This work examines the current state of Russian education on the basis of data of the researches which were carried out in recent years in our educational institutions. The main attention is focused on an explanation of existing distinctions and identification of the factors influencing the training results rather than on ranging educational institutions by level of pupil preparation. Similar researches make it possible to reveal strong sides and weaknesses of Russian education and to trace a course of actions for more effective achievement of the scheduled purposes.
This article is devoted to a comparative analysis of the basis for youth education concepts of political, patriotic and civic education. Today, the problem of integrating the educational component into the system of state policy in the field of higher education and state youth policy is of high relevance, that's why the problem of youth education are widely presented in scientific discourse. The most political science studies are devoted to patriotic education and less to civic education. As a result, Russian social and humanitarian scholars examine exclusively the theoretical, methodological and instrumental foundations of these areas of educational activity. At the same time, the political education is poorly studied both at the conceptual and methodological levels, which is associated with the reduction of the political component in educational processes for a long time.
In the last thirty years we witnessed to a number of relevant innovations and changes. Some of them belong to the information technology domain and parts of them were the reason why the IT domain became the ICT domain. In order to better understand problems and issues related to education and learning it is useful to outline some of the most relevant achievements and milestones in the technological domain. If we focus on the European approach to the spread of information technology termed in the '90ies "Information Society" we can find initiatives such as i2015 the EU policy framework for the information society and media for the 1 next decade and, at global level, the WSIS+10 a ten years activity aimed to draw the guidelines for an harmonious and fruitful development of the information society. It promotes the positive contribution that information and communication technologies can make to the economy, society and personal quality of life. Everyone experienced in "ICT based innovation" knows that "It is not only a matter of technology". Of course technology advances are one of the potential actors as in the case of the diffusion of personal computing or easy access to digital networking. Anyway different parameters are actively influencing e-Services success or failure: cultural aspects, organisational issues, bureaucracy and workflow, infrastructure and technology in general, user's habits, literacy, capacity, market models, interaction design or merely mind-set! Before looking in detail how all these aspects are impacting on education and learning let's take into account some additional relevant aspects.
The article deals with the main directions of cooperation in the sphere of education within the framework of the Union State. The novelty of the study lies in the fact that for the first time it formulates and introduces the authors' research position, clearly outlines the boundaries separating the processes which take place within the Union State, and traces the development of the Russian-Belarusian interaction. In the context of this concept the authors identify and formulate the main stages of development of these processes and systematize the main trends of formation of the normative-legal base of the common educational space and measures for its practical implementation. They examine the interaction between the Russian Federation and the Republic of Belarus within the Union State framework in the general context of the Union State building. The following stages are outlined: the preliminary stage from 1995 through 1999 included the maintenance of equal rights of citizens at the level of interstate relations and in the beginning of the Union State building; the second stage from 1999 through 2012 provided the normative-legal base of the educational space of the Union State and implementation of the existing norms; the third stage from 2012 through 2018 was characterized by gradual growth of attention of the governing bodies of the Union State to the problems of humanitarian cooperation, adaptation of the normative-legal acts to the actual changes in the sphere of education of the two countries; the fourth stage from 2018 until now is regarded as a high time for formation of a single space of education of the Union State for further development of integration. The article categorizes and characterizes the actions taken by the bodies of the Union State, educational institutions and professional circles in order to develop cooperation in the field of education. The study identifies the role of diaspora public organizations in the processes under consideration. The authors conclude about the special role of educational and scientific organizations, professional associations and civil society institutions of the two countries in the development of a unified educational space.
Over the last decade the issues concerning higher education quality and its assurance have become very important in European countries therefore the aim of this article is to carry out a comparative analysis of conditions that determined introduction of accreditation process in Western and Central / Eastern European countries and to discuss Lithuania's case. Methods: literature analysis, document analysis, causative – comparative analysis. First of all the experience of European countries in the field of introduction of higher education accreditation is analysed. In the second part the influence of Bologna process on the expansion of accreditation process is presented. In the second part Lithuania's case is discussed. The conclusions are presented in the end of the article. Having analysed the experience of European countries in the field of higher education quality assurance, it can be stated that Western and Central / Eastern European countries chose different ways and time for introduction of accreditation process because of different political, social, and cultural situations. The demand for accreditation procedures gained extreme importance in Europe after the acceptance of The Bologna declaration. Nevertheless quality assurance was not the strong point of Bologna declaration, further documents of this process and its initiated reforms filled in the gap paying enormous attention to the aspects of quality and naming accreditation as one of the possible ways to assure quality Lithuania adopted accreditation together with most Central / Eastern European countries during the first generation of implementation of accreditation mechanisms.
Over the last decade the issues concerning higher education quality and its assurance have become very important in European countries therefore the aim of this article is to carry out a comparative analysis of conditions that determined introduction of accreditation process in Western and Central / Eastern European countries and to discuss Lithuania's case. Methods: literature analysis, document analysis, causative – comparative analysis. First of all the experience of European countries in the field of introduction of higher education accreditation is analysed. In the second part the influence of Bologna process on the expansion of accreditation process is presented. In the second part Lithuania's case is discussed. The conclusions are presented in the end of the article. Having analysed the experience of European countries in the field of higher education quality assurance, it can be stated that Western and Central / Eastern European countries chose different ways and time for introduction of accreditation process because of different political, social, and cultural situations. The demand for accreditation procedures gained extreme importance in Europe after the acceptance of The Bologna declaration. Nevertheless quality assurance was not the strong point of Bologna declaration, further documents of this process and its initiated reforms filled in the gap paying enormous attention to the aspects of quality and naming accreditation as one of the possible ways to assure quality Lithuania adopted accreditation together with most Central / Eastern European countries during the first generation of implementation of accreditation mechanisms.
The emblem of the Federal Education and Science Supervision Service contains a crossing of the scroll (a symbol of knowledge) and the so-called fasces, Lictor's axe and a bundle of rods. The Romans borrowed this sinister symbol from the Etruscans. It meant the right of authorities to execute and punish their people. The same symbol can be seen in the emblems of two more government agencies: Federal Penal Service and Federal Bailiff Service. It comes to mind that "fascism" derives from "fasces", doesn't it? The character of the present-day government policy towards the system of higher education is rather penal. The flow of new prohibitions, restrictions and demands coming from the power structures is very strong. As usual, the purposes are good: to raise the quality of education, to stop "selling diplomas", and to bring Russian institutions of higher education to the level of high international ratings. How efficient is this policy? Does it encourage renovation of the system of higher education? Does it support the leading universities in their competition for a student or a highly qualified professor, as well as for the prestige of Russian architectural school? Where does the current trend in professional education lead? Does it have any alternatives? As usual, the materials of the Education section are full of urgent and thorny issues. ; В гербе Федеральной службы по надзору в сфере образования и науки (Рособрнадзора) изображены скрещенный свиток (символ знаний) и так называемый фасций, ликторский топорик и пучок розог, стянутых ремнем. Символ, надо сказать, довольно зловещий: римляне переняли этот символ у этрусков, и означал он право властей казнить и наказывать своих подданных. Этот же символ присутствует в гербах еще двух государственных структур – Федеральной службы исполнения наказаний и Федеральной службы судебных приставов. Не вспомнить ли, что от слова «фасций» происходит слово «фашизм»? Современная политика государства по отношению к системе высшего образования в значительной степени несет карательный характер. Все новые запреты, ограничения, требования бурным потоком льются из властных кабинетов. Цель, как всегда, вполне благая – повысить качество образования, прекратить «торговлю дипломами», вывести российские вузы на уровень высоких международных рейтингов. Насколько эффективна такая политика? Способствует ли она обновлению системы высшего образования? Помогает ли передовым вузам в борьбе за абитуриента, за преподавателя высшей квалификации, за авторитет российской школы архитектурного образования? Куда ведет отечественную архитектуру сегодняшний тренд в профессиональном образовании и есть ли ему альтернативы?Как обычно, материалы раздела «Образование» полны вопросов – жгучих, болезненных, актуальных.
The main aim of this work is to determine what problems of realization the academic community perceives. The system of realization trends was projected in the state education strategy enacted on the 4th of July in 2003 by Parliament. It is paid attention to the calibre, the management culture and the opportunity to learn all the life. There are five the realization trends of state education strategy: the management, the infrastructure, the support, the content and the personnel. The analysis of the research shows that the finance of higher education, the modernization of teaching, the present learning load of students which belongs to the implementation of information technology are the main trends of state education strategy. The finances of a state will be introduced in 2009 which will offset the best part expenses of students learning. The educational institution should have to help persons to gain the qualification which should meet the requirements of these days and satisfy modern technology.
The main aim of this work is to determine what problems of realization the academic community perceives. The system of realization trends was projected in the state education strategy enacted on the 4th of July in 2003 by Parliament. It is paid attention to the calibre, the management culture and the opportunity to learn all the life. There are five the realization trends of state education strategy: the management, the infrastructure, the support, the content and the personnel. The analysis of the research shows that the finance of higher education, the modernization of teaching, the present learning load of students which belongs to the implementation of information technology are the main trends of state education strategy. The finances of a state will be introduced in 2009 which will offset the best part expenses of students learning. The educational institution should have to help persons to gain the qualification which should meet the requirements of these days and satisfy modern technology.
The changing of content and forms of civil service training and education in the public sector is analysed in the article. In the modern society, the role of the public institution staff in the planning and implementation of the strategic activities of the institutions has increased dramatically. The personnel management content of "putting out the fires" no longer meets the needs of the modern organization. The development of the capacities of civil servants is one of the directions in state administrative reform as well as one of the main conditions for effective public sector activities. It is possible to say that the existing training of civil servants in Lithuania is more extensive, based on personal motivation. However the latter does not always coincide with institutional interests. The largest obstacle in effective civil servants training is insufficient capacity of the institutional personnel system of public administration. Although personnel units carry out the analysis of the needs of qualification training the functions of training process and career planning are implemented insufficiently. The staff of personnel management boards in state and municipal institutions is not adequate, and unable to carry mentioned functions while existing public administration institutions cannot administrate the processes of qualification assurance properly. ; Straipsnyje analizuojami valstybės viešosios politikos tikslai ir uždaviniai modernizuojant valstybės tarnybą bei personalo valdymo turinio ir formų pokyčiai. Išskirtinis dėmesys straipsnyje skiriamas viešojo sektoriaus personalo kvalifikacijos ugdymo poreikiams nustatyti, lavinimo proceso struktūrai tobulinti ir lavinimo institucijų ištekliams efektyviau panaudoti.
В статье рассмотрена актуальность цифровой трансформации этнокультурного образования в современных условиях развития общества. Проведен анализ востребованности электронных образовательных ресурсов этнокультурной направленности, а также выделен ряд возможных затруднений по их использованию педагогами: «разбросанность» информации в глобальной сети, отсутствие систематизированных источников; неосведомленность о существовании тех или иных информационных источников этнокультурной направленности; отсутствие навыков поиска необходимой информации этнокультурного характера и др. Предложен способ решения возникшей проблемы с использованием информационно-образовательного консалтинга как одного из молодых и перспективных направлений в данной области, который представляет собой специализированный процесс предоставления услуг субъектам образовательного процесса, с использованием цифровых технологий, направленный на удовлетворение их информационных потребностей и запросов. С целью выявления значимости информационно-образовательного консалтинга в этнокультурном образовании нами был проведен опрос среди студентов и профессорско-преподавательского состава ФГБОУ ВО «Марийский государственный университет» (г. Йошкар-Ола, Россия). Анализ полученных результатов показал, что среди педагогов имеет место потребность в использовании этноориентированных электронных ресурсов сети интернет, а также заинтересованность в использовании услуг информационно-образовательного консалтинга, как источника знаний о внедрении данных ресурсов в систему этнокультурного образования. The article deals with the changes in ethnocultural education due to its digital transformation. The authors analyze the demand for electronic resources of ethnocultural orientation, and reveal some reasons for possible difficulties in their use: "scattered" information in the global network, lack of systematized sources; unawareness of the existence of certain information sources of ethnocultural orientation; lack of skills to find necessary information of ethnocultural nature, etc. The authors also propose the method for solving the arisen problem using information and educational consulting as a new and promising direction in this field, which is a specialized process of providing services to participants of the educational process, using digital technologies and aimed at satisfying their information needs. In order to identify the importance of information and educational consulting in ethnocultural education, the authors conducted a survey among the students and teaching staff of the Mari State University (Yoshkar-Ola, Russia). Having analyzed the obtained results, they came to the conclusion that among the teachers there is a need to use electronic resources of the Internet, and that they are interested in using the services of information and educational consulting as a source of knowledge about the implementation of these resources in the system of ethnocultural education.
The scientific problem of dissertation: how to evaluate the impact of higher education funding models on access to higher education. The higher education funding models, funding methods, theoretical aspects of access to higher education, the methodologies for evaluating the impact of higher education funding models on access to higher education are analyzed, the advantages and disadvantages of the applied evaluation methods are determined. A new research methodology is used to evaluate the impact of higher education funding models on access to higher education in the context of EU countries and in the groups of countries, which apply different higher education funding models based on cost-sharing. EU countries are grouped into four higher education funding models based on economic indicators relevant to higher education funding, using cluster analysis. A panel data analysis method (fixed effects model) is used for the impact evaluation. The results of the dissertation show that higher education funding models by cost-sharing (i.e., low tuition-high-subsidy; low-tuition-lowsubsidy; high tuition-low-subsidy; high-tuition-high-subsidy higher education funding models) have a different statistically significant impact on access to higher education. Besides, EU countries, that apply a high-tuitionhigh-subsidy higher education funding model, provide better results of gender equality as well as better represent low (middle) socio-economic status students in higher education, in comparison to other EU countries, that use other higher education funding models.
The scientific problem of dissertation: how to evaluate the impact of higher education funding models on access to higher education. The higher education funding models, funding methods, theoretical aspects of access to higher education, the methodologies for evaluating the impact of higher education funding models on access to higher education are analyzed, the advantages and disadvantages of the applied evaluation methods are determined. A new research methodology is used to evaluate the impact of higher education funding models on access to higher education in the context of EU countries and in the groups of countries, which apply different higher education funding models based on cost-sharing. EU countries are grouped into four higher education funding models based on economic indicators relevant to higher education funding, using cluster analysis. A panel data analysis method (fixed effects model) is used for the impact evaluation. The results of the dissertation show that higher education funding models by cost-sharing (i.e., low tuition-high-subsidy; low-tuition-lowsubsidy; high tuition-low-subsidy; high-tuition-high-subsidy higher education funding models) have a different statistically significant impact on access to higher education. Besides, EU countries, that apply a high-tuitionhigh-subsidy higher education funding model, provide better results of gender equality as well as better represent low (middle) socio-economic status students in higher education, in comparison to other EU countries, that use other higher education funding models.
The article considers specific features of official patriotism and patriotic education in post-Soviet de facto (unrecognized) stated. It discusses the question of how the official patriotic discourse reflects the issues of international recognition deficit and of scarcity of available resources. The author attempts to conceptualize patriotic upbringing in the light of de facto statehood, analyzes specific features of those identities that underlie the patriotic education in the context of de facto statehood as well as some aspects of implementation of patriotic education concepts in post-Soviet de facto states. The author concludes that the deficit of international recognition, scarcity of resources and uncertain prospects for future development make propagation of patriotic values more complicated while strong influence of a patron state and prevalence of double citizenships erode patriotic loyalties to some extent. Among specific features of patriotic education in post-Soviet de facto states are also the enhanced role of militarized practices and commemoration of "wars for independence". ; В работе анализируется специфика «официального» патриотизма и патриотического воспитания в постсоветских де-факто (непризнанных) государствах. Ставится вопрос о том, каким образом в официальном патриотическом дискурсе отражаются проблемы дефицита международного признания и ограниченности имеющихся в распоряжении ресурсов. Предпринимается попытка концептуализации патриотического воспитания в контексте де-факто государственности; анализируются особенности тех идентичностей, которые легли в основу патриотического воспитания, а также некоторые особенности практической реализации концептуальных идей патриотического воспитания в постсоветских де-факто государствах. Делается вывод о том, что эффективность патриотического воспитания осложняется дефицитом международного признания, ограниченностью ресурсов, а сильнейшее идеологическое влияние государства-патрона и распространенность двойного гражданства в известной мере размывают патриотическую лояльность. Характерными особенностями патриотического воспитания в постсоветских де-факто государствах также являются повышенная роль военизированного компонента, а также коммеморация «войн за независимость».
