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"In the broadest sense, the ovjectives of the field study were two-fold: (1) to define demographic characteristics and motivations of the migrant and to determine what socio-economic and socio-cultural effects the migration experience has upon the lives of returned migrants; (2) to learn what discernable effects the migration movement had had upon the Turkish labor market, particularly with reference to the three selected regional markets of Izmir, Kocaeli and Zonguldak. Within each of these provinces, the applied methodology was three dimensional: (1) to obtain from official archives demographic data on one-time residents of the province who had been placed in positions abroad through official auspices; (2) to interview persons once employed abroad but since settled, or re-settled, in the province; and (3) to interview management in a cross-section of industries present there in order to define from this primary empirical source the characteristics of the regional labor market and to measure possible effects of emigration upon the regional economy." ((en))

"This chapter examines the policy formulated by the West German Government to deal with the status of foreign workers in that country. It analyzes the provisions of relevant legal documents including international treaties and the German constitution. In particular, it studies the 1965 version of the Ausländergesetz (Aliens Act) as well as judicial interpretations of this Act handed down in specific cases. Of primary concern is the impact of the Ausländergesetz upon the following: (a) ability of the worker to obtain and renew residence and work permits, (b) his vulnerability to expulsion from Germany, (c) residency and citizenship status of parties to mixed marriages, (d) naturalization rights and (e) status of accompanying dependents. The discussion examines the ensuing debate on criticisms of the Ausländergesetz and cites alternative proposals which have been presented. It concludes by recognizing the difficult task lawmakers face in balancing domestic interests with those of foreign workers, but notes the urgency of dealing with the problem if serious social conflict is to be avoided." ((en))

"By using case study data collected in West Berlin, this chapter examines changes that occur in the structure of the Turkish family as a result of labor migration to Europe. It studies the deleterious effects which current laws, regulations and employment practices may often have upon the unity of the migrant family. The discussion also analyzes changes which vome about in household composition and shows how patrilocal norms disappear among migrant families. Modifications in division of labor, budget control and family roles are also examined. Particular attention is given to the status of children and to the alienation of children from their parents in migratory situations." ((en))

"This chapter aims to discuss some opposing views regarding the impact of labor migration on the West Germany economy. To this end, the phenomenon is analyzed from both micro- and macro-economic points of view. As far as the micro-economic level is concerned, it would appear that mismanagement in a significant number of business firms constitutes a major reason for the heavy influx of foreign labor. Even though full employment exists in Germany, industry still continues to open new plants. Ostensibly, this practice would appear inconsistent with the given situation of full employment. Since the German Government does not assess these firms with the full cost of importing foreign labor, government policy would seem to favor this practice. With respect to macro-economic considerations, the following hypothesis is tested: namely, that it is advantageous for the German economy to employ foreign manpower because such employment (a) increases income, (b) increases wealth, (c) keeps wages and prices relatively stable, (d) helps maintain full employment, (e) aids the balance of payments, and (f) improves infrastructure. Over all, the hypothesis cannot be fully substantiated. Even though the in-migration of foreign manpower may possibly increase Germany's gross national product, it seems questionable whether per capita gross national product will increase. While material wealth will grow due to foreign labor, favorable consequences for human capital seem doubtful. The hoped-for effect that labor migration might stabilize wages and prices and help to maintain full employment cannot be validated. As for the balance of payments, foreign workers may be considered advantageous as long as their remittances can be used as a counterweight to Germany's highly positive balance of trade. However, in light of the new dollar devaluation, the picture may soon change and foreign workers' remittances become a heavy burden. Finally, investments in infrastructure, necessitated by foreign workers, may be regarded as advantageous to the extent that these investments have the effect of increasing wealth. Nevertheless, such advantages can be realized only if foreign workers eventually return to their countries of origin. In conclusion, it would appear that in the long run the disadvantages of labor migration may ultimately outweigh the advantages. This may be particularly true in the event an increasingly large number of workers should permanently remain in Germany." ((en))

"This chapter is concerned with the migratory behavior of Turkish citizens holding the Ph. D. degree who are professionally employed outside Turkey. Its purpose is to examine selected characteristics of the migrants, to relate these characteristics to migratory behavior, and to identify the main motives for migration. Presumably, such information could be used in attempts to control or regulate the migration of talent from Turkey." ((en))