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The nature of the relationship between state government and higher education is problematic for both policy makers and students of higher education governance. The purpose of this study was to provide a better understanding of the position of Secretary of Education, one facet of the multi-faceted relationship between state government and higher education in the Commonwealth of Virginia. The problem of this research effort, therefore, was to describe the historical context of the cabinet-level position and the authority and major areas of responsibility of the Secretary of Education in Virginia. The research methodology used to execute the study was that of an exploratory field study. The investigation was conducted in five phases, with the data collected by means of: (1) reviewing legal and historical documents, and (2) conducting focused interviews. Within the context of the historical development of the Virginia cabinet system, including the position of Secretary of Education, and the intention of the incumbent Governor to test the recommendations of the Hopkins Commission, it was not surprising that the area of budget emerged as the major responsibility of the Secretary of Education in the Dalton Administration. The assignment of budget targets was designated as the primary area of responsibility for the Secretary of Education in order to accomplish the intent of promoting effectiveness and efficiency in state government, including higher education, and controlling its growth. The creation and subsequent development of the position of Secretary of Education, with its attendant oversight and budgetary responsibilities in relation to higher education, modified the "self-denying ordinance" relationship between state government and higher education in Virginia. The cabinet-level education position will remain inthe higher education governance structure without significant alteration of its statutory authority, including budget authority which is formally less than that granted to other functional area Secretaries. The probable future role of the position of Secretary of Education will include developing and implementing policy, especially in the area of budget, and providing executive oversight of the total education function in the Commonwealth of Virginia. ; Ed. D.

Cover title. ; " November 1977"--t.p. verso. ; Includes bibliographical references and index. ; Mode of access: Internet.

Stamped on cover: ED234523. ; "Grant R-2868-NIE." ; "December 1982." ; Distributed to depository libraries in microfiche. ; "Performed pursuant to grant no. NIE-G-80-0048 from the National Institute of Education"--P. [2] of cover. ; Includes bibliographical references. ; Mode of access: Internet.

I. The Economy of California: How It has Developed and How It is Related to the Educational System -- A Few Introductory Remarks -- Income in California -- The Population of the State -- A First View of Labor Force -- California Manufacturing -- Occupations, Present and Projected -- The Public Sector in California -- II. Structure of the Education System in California -- The Structure of Education -- School Districts are Independent Units of Government -- Unequal Resources for Education -- The Growing Role of Federal Aid -- Complex System of Coordination -- State Board Controls are Limited but Rigidities are Present -- The Private Elementary and Secondary Schools -- The System of Higher Education -- Financing -- Differentiated Admission -- High Rates of Drop-out -- Access to Higher Education -- Enrollments -- An Overview of Education in California -- III. The Expansion of Education in California: A Closer Examination -- Projections of Educational Out-turn and the Problem of Educated Unemployed -- Expenditure Flows in Different Branches of the California Education System -- The Rising Concern with Internal Efficiency -- Public Elementary and Secondary Schools -- The University of California -- Alternatives for Fiscal Reform -- The Schools -- Higher Education -- The Social Efficiency of California's Educational Enterprises -- IV. Planning — Success or Failure? -- State Budgeting for Public Higher Education -- The Master Plan: Its Relations to Annual Budgeting -- The Period of Disenchantment -- Program Budgeting: Another Failure? -- Manpower Planning -- V. Adult Education in California -- The 'Hidden' Adult Education Activity -- Business and Industry -- Government -- The Military -- Poverty Programs -- Television -- Correspondence -- Proprietary Schools -- 'Free' Universities -- Other Programs -- More Visible Adult Education Programs -- The University -- General Extension -- Agricultural Extension -- The State Colleges -- Community or Junior College -- Secondary Schools -- The Extended University -- VI. Future Trends in California's Educational System -- The Changing Functions of Education in California and the Consequences for Planning -- Implications for Policy -- Bibliography — A selection -- Biographical Notes.

Preface -- 1. Introduction: Scope and limits of the prospective inquiry -- 2. Historical background: Questions of terminology, socio-economic factors and ideological issues -- 3. The present situation and current changes -- 4. Medium- and long-term trends -- 5. Guidance and career choice -- 6. Polyvalency and permanent education -- 7. Technical and vocational training for women -- 8. University, post-secondary education and recurrent education -- 9. Division of labour: old and new models -- 10. Conclusions -- Appendix A: Tables and comments on replies to questionnaire -- Appendix B: Gino Martinoli: Thoughts on the training of tomorrow's manpower -- Appendix C: Questionnaire -- Biographical notes.