This work examines the current state of Russian education on the basis of data of the researches which were carried out in recent years in our educational institutions. The main attention is focused on an explanation of existing distinctions and identification of the factors influencing the training results rather than on ranging educational institutions by level of pupil preparation. Similar researches make it possible to reveal strong sides and weaknesses of Russian education and to trace a course of actions for more effective achievement of the scheduled purposes.
The article explores the rationale of the Romanian political community as defined by its successive constitutional layouts, since the first fundamental law of 1866, including the Communist constitutional settings, and concluding with the post-communist constitutional design. This consistency of the political community is tested by means of an analytical distinction between the Nation-State and the National State. The former is understood as the institutional underpinning of a community bearing a political project. The latter is seen as the institutional outcome of an ethnic group and the warrant of its political integrity. Such an examination of the Romanian constitutional production sheds light on the historical and unambiguous predominance of the National State, while the Nation State emerged briefly and warily in the Romanian setting in the form of the socialist nation state. By the same token, this approach questions the adequacy between democracy and this rationale of the Romanian political community. While the socialist Nation State, as it was constitutionally designed, failed to guarantee the effectiveness of popular democracy, the Romanian National State, as it was shaped by the successive constitutional texts, pre-communist and post-communist, was always unable to accommodate completely with democracy.
This article is devoted to a comparative analysis of the basis for youth education concepts of political, patriotic and civic education. Today, the problem of integrating the educational component into the system of state policy in the field of higher education and state youth policy is of high relevance, that's why the problem of youth education are widely presented in scientific discourse. The most political science studies are devoted to patriotic education and less to civic education. As a result, Russian social and humanitarian scholars examine exclusively the theoretical, methodological and instrumental foundations of these areas of educational activity. At the same time, the political education is poorly studied both at the conceptual and methodological levels, which is associated with the reduction of the political component in educational processes for a long time.
The article deals with the main directions of cooperation in the sphere of education within the framework of the Union State. The novelty of the study lies in the fact that for the first time it formulates and introduces the authors' research position, clearly outlines the boundaries separating the processes which take place within the Union State, and traces the development of the Russian-Belarusian interaction. In the context of this concept the authors identify and formulate the main stages of development of these processes and systematize the main trends of formation of the normative-legal base of the common educational space and measures for its practical implementation. They examine the interaction between the Russian Federation and the Republic of Belarus within the Union State framework in the general context of the Union State building. The following stages are outlined: the preliminary stage from 1995 through 1999 included the maintenance of equal rights of citizens at the level of interstate relations and in the beginning of the Union State building; the second stage from 1999 through 2012 provided the normative-legal base of the educational space of the Union State and implementation of the existing norms; the third stage from 2012 through 2018 was characterized by gradual growth of attention of the governing bodies of the Union State to the problems of humanitarian cooperation, adaptation of the normative-legal acts to the actual changes in the sphere of education of the two countries; the fourth stage from 2018 until now is regarded as a high time for formation of a single space of education of the Union State for further development of integration. The article categorizes and characterizes the actions taken by the bodies of the Union State, educational institutions and professional circles in order to develop cooperation in the field of education. The study identifies the role of diaspora public organizations in the processes under consideration. The authors conclude about the special role of educational and scientific organizations, professional associations and civil society institutions of the two countries in the development of a unified educational space.
В статье рассмотрена актуальность цифровой трансформации этнокультурного образования в современных условиях развития общества. Проведен анализ востребованности электронных образовательных ресурсов этнокультурной направленности, а также выделен ряд возможных затруднений по их использованию педагогами: «разбросанность» информации в глобальной сети, отсутствие систематизированных источников; неосведомленность о существовании тех или иных информационных источников этнокультурной направленности; отсутствие навыков поиска необходимой информации этнокультурного характера и др. Предложен способ решения возникшей проблемы с использованием информационно-образовательного консалтинга как одного из молодых и перспективных направлений в данной области, который представляет собой специализированный процесс предоставления услуг субъектам образовательного процесса, с использованием цифровых технологий, направленный на удовлетворение их информационных потребностей и запросов. С целью выявления значимости информационно-образовательного консалтинга в этнокультурном образовании нами был проведен опрос среди студентов и профессорско-преподавательского состава ФГБОУ ВО «Марийский государственный университет» (г. Йошкар-Ола, Россия). Анализ полученных результатов показал, что среди педагогов имеет место потребность в использовании этноориентированных электронных ресурсов сети интернет, а также заинтересованность в использовании услуг информационно-образовательного консалтинга, как источника знаний о внедрении данных ресурсов в систему этнокультурного образования. The article deals with the changes in ethnocultural education due to its digital transformation. The authors analyze the demand for electronic resources of ethnocultural orientation, and reveal some reasons for possible difficulties in their use: "scattered" information in the global network, lack of systematized sources; unawareness of the existence of certain information sources of ethnocultural orientation; lack of skills to find necessary information of ethnocultural nature, etc. The authors also propose the method for solving the arisen problem using information and educational consulting as a new and promising direction in this field, which is a specialized process of providing services to participants of the educational process, using digital technologies and aimed at satisfying their information needs. In order to identify the importance of information and educational consulting in ethnocultural education, the authors conducted a survey among the students and teaching staff of the Mari State University (Yoshkar-Ola, Russia). Having analyzed the obtained results, they came to the conclusion that among the teachers there is a need to use electronic resources of the Internet, and that they are interested in using the services of information and educational consulting as a source of knowledge about the implementation of these resources in the system of ethnocultural education.
The concept of permanent revolution was formulated in the XIX century became a subject of constant debate in humanities circle. In contrast-scientific and technological revolutions are natural components at all steps of human development. Their permanence is commonly recognized imperative, followed by numerous confirmations with a convincing inevitability. Information and industrial revolutions taking place now in the world are such evidences. Experts declare today the fourth industrial revolution. Peter Drucker fairly predicted the fourth information revolution. It is interesting that the most important trait of both revolutions is the artificial intelligence which functions in the sphere of Big Data and Internet of Things. The application field (not the only) is the economy-its structure and content. Experts state the emergence of information capitalism and the information economy — innovations obtaining special and revolutional traits. The article is devoted to analysis of main components of the innovations and offers the ways how they should be reflected in the curriculum for modern economists and managers.
Герой прозы Довлатова находится в постоянном онтологическом «зависании в парадоксе» между частями множества оппозиций личностного свойства. В настоящей работе рассматривается его промежуточное положение между статусами эрудированного и мыслящего человека и человека малообразованного. Материалом исследования послужили проявления сознательного приема, состоящего в введении автором в его тексты, вне зависимости от периодов и жанров творчества, вольных или невольных погрешностей против фактов действительности с целью повышения интеллектуального и духовного статуса героя в восприятии читателя. В исследовании применялись структурно-описательный, описательно-функциональный и интерпретационный методы. Задачей работы были группировка и классификация многочисленных примеров недостоверных и ошибочных сообщений из текстов С. Довлатова, еще не ставших предметом внимания в довлатоведении. В ходе работы были сделаны выводы о сознательном формировании автором завышенного представления о герое его прозы как о личности глубоко мыслящего и широко образованного человека, которое далеко не всегда соответствует действительности. The character of Dovlatov's prose is in constant ontological "hanging in a paradox" between parts of a multitude of personal oppositions. This paper considers his intermediate position between the status of an erudite and thinking person and a poorly educated person. The material of the study was the manifestation of a conscious method, which consists in the introduction by the author into his texts, regardless of the periods and genres of creativity, voluntary or involuntary errors against the facts of reality in order to increase the intellectual and spiritual status of the character in the perception of the reader. The study used structural-descriptive, descriptive-functional and interpretive methods. The task of the work was to group and classify numerous examples of unreliable and erroneous messages from the texts of S. Dovlatov, which have not yet become the subject of attention in Dovlatov studies. In the course of the work, the conclusions were drawn about the conscious formation by the author of an overestimated idea of the character in his prose as a person of a deeply thinking and broadly educated person, which does not always correspond to reality.
В статье приведены результаты критического анализа источников и литературы по цифровизации и ее влиянию на трансформацию обучения в высших учебных заведениях. Рассмотрены барьеры цифровой трансформации в вузах и основные положения теории онлайн-обучения (OCL), предприняты попытки определить преимущества и недостатки цифровизации образования, рассмотреть произошедшие изменения в выборе способов обучения и преподавания в период пандемии COVID-19, описать и проанализировать различные способы образования и обучения. Результаты аналитического обзора показали, что преподавательские практики все время адаптируются, совершенствуются и развиваются с учетом постоянно преобразующейся социально-экономической среды. Признается важность адаптации к меняющейся среде обучения и преподавания, которую нельзя считать статичной. В ходе исследования была отмечена важность участия преподавателей и студентов в реализации цифровизации в процессе обучения и в педагогической практике. В статье также приводится несколько критических показателей успеха для внедрения OCL. В работе обозначены некоторые из наиболее сложных проблем и препятствий, связанных с цифровизацией практики обучения и преподавания в высших учебных заведениях. The article presents the results of a critical analysis of the sources on digitalization and its impact on the transformation of education in higher education institutions; examines the barriers of digital transformation in higher education institutions and the main provisions of the theory of online collaborative learning (OCL); makes attempts to determine the advantages and disadvantages of digitalization of education, to consider the changes that have occurred in the choice of ways of learning and teaching during the Covid-19 pandemic, to describe and analyze the different ways of education and training. The results of the analytical review showed that teaching practices are constantly adapting, improving and developing considering the constantly transforming socio-economic environment. The article recognizes the importance of adapting to an ever-changing learning and teaching environment that cannot be considered static. In the course of the study, the importance of the participation of teachers and students in the implementation of digitalization in the learning process and in pedagogical practice was noted. This article also provides several critical success metrics for OCL implementation. The article identifies some of the most difficult problems and obstacles associated with the digitalization of the practice of learning and teaching in higher education institutions.
The course of political science in higher education is often read, to a large extent, as a theoretical course and affects the study of issues and problems of the formation and development of political institutions, processes and technologies. The focus is usually on the history of politics, the state as the central institution of the political system, political parties, political consciousness, culture, political relations, etc. However, it is very important that, when studying a course in political science, listeners understand the current political processes taking place around them. Some of them are well established, democratic processes, such as the electoral process. Others are associated with the impact of modern innovation processes on the political sphere of society. And in this case, political science as a science once again demonstrates its value in an applied format. For a deep understanding of this kind of political processes, additional aggregated information is needed, knowledge that should differ in such characteristics as relevance, novelty, compliance with modern development. In the modern digital era, it is necessary to additionally acquire knowledge about the digital transformation of political institutions, processes and technologies, including types of state policy, the most important of which is social. And it's not just the digital economy. This, first of all, digitalization of public administration (State-web) — Big Date management, blockchain, etc., as well as digitalization of business — the emergence and development of digital enterprises, etc. It is obvious that the use of digital technologies will become possible for the development of predictive political science. This article is largely a translation of German publications by scientists dealing with the development of modern political science education in the countries of the European Union, in particular, in the Federal Republic of Germany. The focus is on the impact of digitalization on the teaching of theoretical and applied political science.
Актуальные социально-экономические условия поднимают проблему быстрой и качественной подготовки специалистов среднего звена, условия реализации которой зависят от кадрового обеспечения педагогического состава образовательных организаций. В связи с этим выделяется необходимость изучения зарубежного опыта с целью модернизации существующей системы профессионально-педагогического образования. Ведущими методами в исследовании стали анализ и обобщение содержания научной литературы, государственных сайтов различных ведомств и образовательных организаций, нормативных и локальных документов. В результатах исследования представлено сравнение зарубежных моделей профессионально-педагогического образования, в частности в Великобритании и Китае, с российской. Общие тенденции по профессионально-педагогической подготовке педагогических работников сферы профессионального образования в анализируемых зарубежных странах могут быть учтены при модернизации и развитии национальной системы подготовки педагогов СПО в России, прежде всего по тем направлениям, которые сегодня в России не реализуются. Current socio-economic conditions raise the problem of rapid and high-quality training of middle-level specialists, realization of which depends on the staffing of educational personnel. In this connection, the need to study foreign experience in order to modernize the system of vocational education and training is highlighted. The basic methods in the study are the analysis and generalization of the content of scientific works, national sites of various departments and educational organizations, regulatory and local documents. The study results present a comparison of foreign models of vocational education and training system, in particular Great Britain and China, with the Russian model of vocational and pedagogical education. General trends in the vocational and pedagogical training of vocational teachers in the foreign countries under analysis can be taken into account in the modernization and development of the national system for vocational education and training system in Russia, first of all, those trends that are not implemented in Russia today.
The paper describes possible ways of using pedagogical system of continuous formation of creative thinking and development of creative abilities of students using intelligent means of the theory of inventive problem solving at schools to implement productively Federal State Educational Standard primary general education. The paper describes key features of the pedagogical system NFTM-TRIZ and the necessity of creating consultation centers on this methodology.
The article focuses on projects, which are managed by the EU in the field of education and training, recent changes to the EU policy in educational programmes. Erasmus+ unites programmes and actions in the field of education and training, fostering the EU added value in education and European dimension. It gives an insight into the concept of projects management in education, European legal regulations, specific European programmes in education and training.
Within the framework of this work, an attempt is made to scientifically comprehend the principles of student motivation, in particular its features in the framework of online education. The authors consider the educational process as a communication between a teacher and a student and argue that online education radically changes the process of communication between the subjects of the educational process and translates it into a mediated and asynchronous format. To identify factors that determine the degree of motivation of students studying in the online format, the scientific work of foreign researchers with experience in the use of online technologies and the skills of scientific understanding of how the online format affects the assimilation of new knowledge by students was considered. The paradigm basis of the study is the cognitive approach, and the consideration of the process of mastering knowledge is based on the theory of MOA (motivation, opportunity, ability) and the probability model of conscious information processing. It has been established that the main advantage of online education is the reliance on independent work of students, and the use of project-based learning is the best way to overcome the obstacles facing online education and unleash its full potential. The external and internal factors influencing motivation are identified, the main problems of the Russian education system, which is attempting to enter the online format, are identified, and recommendations are given for optimizing this process aimed at increasing the motivation of Russian students.
Russia presents specific mosaic, consisted from many peoples. They are different in size and in strength of inner connections, in economic and social characteristics, level of political organization, language and culture, spiritual features and national character. In such context the problem of multi-cultural education becomes very actual and complicated in terms of polyethnical Russian society.
Сегодня невозможно представить нашу жизнь без внедрения цифровых технологий в различные сферы жизнедеятельности человека. Современное общество стремительно входит в эпоху киберсоциализации, где меняется не только потребностно-мотивационная сфера человека, но и структура самосознания личности. Данная статья посвящена изучению вопроса цифровой социализации с опорой на принцип системности и учета многомерности данного процесса. В ходе сбора информации по структуре цифровой социализации не было найдено общего определения данного явления, однако в статье предпринимается попытка выделить структуру цифровой социализации в современном обществе, которая необходима для дальнейшего изучения процесса цифровизации как современного гражданского общества в целом, так и образовательного процесса в частности. Особенности постиндустриального общественного строя предполагают трансформацию взглядов на структуру социализации современного человека, в чем и заключается злободневность выделения структуры цифровой социализации. В заключение проведенного анализа литературных источников, касающихся вопроса цифровизации, выделяются основные компоненты процесса цифровой социализации, которые будут пригодны в современном образовательном процессе. Таким образом, результаты научной статьи могут быть полезны в процессе дальнейшего исследования явлений цифровизации современного постиндустриального общества во всех сферах жизнедеятельности человека. Today it is impossible to imagine our life without the introduction of digital technologies in various spheres of human activity. Modern society is rapidly entering the era of cybersocialization, where not only the need-motivational sphere of a person is changing, but also the structure of self-consciousness of the individual. This article is devoted to the study of the issue of digital socialization based on the principle of consistency and taking into account the multidimensionality of this process. In the process of collecting information on the structure of digital socialization, no definition of the structure of digital socialization was found, however, the article attempts to highlight the structure of digital socialization in modern society, which is necessary for further study of the digitalization process of both modern civil society in general and the educational process in particular. This paper pays attention to the analysis of scientific works devoted to the study of the digitalization process, in which researchers express their point of view on the phenomena of digital socialization in the modern information space. Thus, the results of the scientific article can be useful in the process of further research of the phenomena of digitalization of modern post-industrial society in all spheres of human activity.
