Kad pogledamo medijske navike korisnika, posebno mladih (Reuters Institute Digital News Report, 2020), onda možemo vidjeti sve veći utjecaj društvenih medija u njihovu informiranju i komunikaciji. Značaj društvenih medija još je dodatno ojačan s početkom globalne pandemije bolesti COVID-19. U tom kontekstu društvena mreža Instagram proteklih godina postaje sve popularnija platforma na globalnoj razini, a posebno kod mlađe populacije. No, i dalje ostaje neiskorišten alat u približavanju politika, političkih aktera i važnih društvenih tema mlađoj populaciji. Cilj je ovog rada ispitati kako su ključni politički akteri u Hrvatskoj komunicirali putem Instagrama za vrijeme pandemije COVID-19 te utvrditi jesu li koristili ovu društvenu mrežu kako bi se približili publici na toj platformi, odnosno mladima. S druge strane, ovaj rad će ispitati kako komunikaciju političara na društvenoj mreži Instagram percipiraju i ocjenjuju mladi praktičari odnosa s javnošću i jesu li njihove poruke prilagođene mlađoj populaciji. Svrha će rada biti na temelju dvostruke analize donijeti zaključke i dati preporuke za unapređenje komunikacije političara na društvenoj mreži Instagram. Koristeći metodu analize sadržaja analiziran je sadržaj na Instagram profilima dvojice ministara i članova kriznog stožera za pandemiju COVID-19 te hrvatskog premijera i predsjednika. Analizom je utvrđeno na koji način političari komuniciraju, je li sadržaj prilagođen mladima i potiču li angažman u svojim objavama. Metodom strukturiranog intervjua s odabranim praktičarima odnosa s javnošću komunikacija je ocjenjivana trodimenzionalno: u sadržaju, javnom nastupu i karizmi političara na Instagramu. Na temelju dobivenih rezultata u zaključku rada sažete su preporuke za daljnju praksu u komunikaciji političara na društvenoj mreži Instagram. ; Looking at the users' media habits, especially in young users (Reuters Institute Digital News Report, 2020), we can see the growing social media influence on their information and communication. The importance of social media in information and communication is even higher since the beginning of the global COVID-19 pandemic. In that context, the social network called Instagram is becoming increasingly popular globally, particularly with younger generations. Still, it remains an unused tool in bringing policies, political actors, and important social topics closer to the younger population. The goal of this paper is to investigate how did Croatian politicians communicated via Instagram during the COVID-19 pandemic and to establish if they used this social network to get closer to the audience on that platform, that is, to young people. On the other hand, we will examine how the young public relations practitioners perceive and evaluate the Crisis and political headquarters' and communication on Instagram. Furthermore, they will review if politicians have adapted their messages to the younger population. The scope of this paper is to draw conclusions based on double analysis and give recommendations for communication improvement of politicians on Instagram. We have analysed the content on the Instagram profile of the two ministers and members of Croatian COVID-19 crisis headquarters and Croatian president and prime-minister using the content analysis method. We have established how the politicians communicate, whether the content was adapted to the young population and if their posts were engaging. Alongside the selected public relations practitioners, we have conducted structured interviews to assess the communication, using the three-dimensional assessment method: content, public performance, and charisma of the members of the politicians on Instagram. In conclusion, we have summarized the recommendations for further communication of politicians on Instagram.
O poimanju ljudske prirode u Machiavellijevu djelu možemo govoriti na dvije razine. Prva je razina njegov temeljni antropološki pesimizam. Polazna je točka Machiavellijeve političke filozofije da su ljudi po prirodi skloni zlu, što, kako navodi u Raspravama o prvoj dekadi Tita Livija, kao početnu pretpostavku mora uzeti i svaki zakonodavac. Na drugoj razini, narav je pojedinoga čovjeka po njemu bitno nepromjenjiva pa kada se ona slaže s vremenima, on uspijeva (primjer pape Julija II.), a kada je u neskladu s onim što zahtijeva kontekst, neuspjeh je neizbježan. Na nizu primjera iz Machiavellijevih djela pokazuje se da je njegov pesimistički uvid u ljudsku prirodu temelj na kojem se gradi cijela njegova politička teorija. Zlu i sebičnosti sklona ljudska priroda objašnjenje je za stvaranja zajednice, zakona i državnih institucija, ali i dinamike koja dovodi do njihovog kvarenja i propasti. ; The concept of human nature in Machiavelli's work can be discussed on two levels. The first level regards its fundamental anthropological pessimism. The starting points of Machiavelli's political philosophy is that people are inclined by nature to be evil, which, as quoted in The Discourses on Livy, must be taken as a starting assumption by every legislator. On the second level, the nature of a particular man is essentially unchangeable, and thus when it agrees with the times, he succeeds (Pope Julius II being an example), and when a man is in contradiction with what is required by the context, failure is inevitable. Many examples from Machiavelli's work show that his pessimistic insight into human nature is the foundation upon which his entire political theory is built. The human nature, prone to evil and selfishness, is the explanation for the creation of communities, laws and state institutions, but also for the dynamics that lead to their decay and destruction.
Hrvatsko civilno društvo dugi je niz godina polako, ali sigurno, napredovalo u svojoj viziji i cilju. Ulaskom Hrvatske u Europsku Uniju, akterima civilnog društva otvorile su se nove mogućnosti, kako financiranja, tako i realizacije cijelog niza projekata. Osim toga, novootvorenim mogućnostima financiranja različitih projekata i pridavanjem sve većeg značaja priznavanju vještina i znanja stečenih neformalnim učenjem (Crnčić Sokol i Kostanjčar Suljada, 2009, 95), otvara se put za primjenu sociološke perspektive, teorije i metodologije na novo područje validacije i evaluacije vještina i znanja stečenih neformalnim te informalnim obrazovanjem. Ovaj se rad, stoga, usmjerava na razmatranje implikacija razvoja projekata neformalnog obrazovanja čiji su nositelji upravo udruge civilnog društva. Probleme formalnog priznavanja vještina i znanja stečenih neformalnim kanalima obrazovanja stavlja u prvi plan. U fokusu se rada nalazi metodološki problem mjerenja učinka projekata neformalnog obrazovanja na sudionike. Koristeći se kvantitativnom metodologijom (te strukturiranim upitnikom kao mjernim instrumentom) istraživanje je dizajnirano kao kvazi-eksperimentalno istraživanje. Glavnu istraživačku strategiju predstavlja akcijsko evaluacijska ideja s ciljem mjerenja i jasnog evaluiranja promjena koje su se dogodile kod sudionika projekta BeAlive 2014 u odnosu na specifične ciljeve samog projekta, što rezultira otvaranjem metodološke rasprave o načinima evaluacije, validacije i mjerenja promjena te učinaka projekata neformalnog obrazovanja. ; Croatian civil society has for many years, slowly but surely, advanced in its vision and purpose. Due to the Croatian accession to the European Union, the civil society has acquired new possibilities for funding and implementation of a wide range of projects. In addition to these, the increasing importance of recognizing the skills and knowledge gained informally (Crnčić Sokol and Kostanjčar Suljada, 2009, 95), opened the way for the application of sociological perspectives, theories and methodology to a new research area; the validation and evaluation of the skills and knowledge gained through non-formal and informal education. This paper, therefore, focuses on the implications of the development of non-formal education projects within civil society. The paper firstly addresses the problems with formal recognition of the skills and knowledge acquired through alternative channels of education. The focus of the work is the methodological problem of measuring the impact of non-formal education projects and programs on the participants/users. Using quantitative methodology (and structured questionnaire as a measuring instrument), the research was designed as a quasi experimental study. Action-evaluation design represented the main research strategy with the idea of assessing and clearly evaluating changes that the BeAlive 2014 project participants experienced, in relation to the specific project objectives and goals. This resulted in opening a methodological discussion on the ways to evaluate, validate and measure the changes and effects of non-formal education projects.
It is the authors' ambition to answer the following question: to what extend does the political parties of national minorities influence on the cultural autonomy in Serbia. With an intention of answering the research question the author analize the role of minority parties in establishing of National Minorities Councils (NMCs). NMCs are the main institution of cultural autonomy in Serbia. There are twenty three minority groups who have established National Minority Council, there for author of this paper selected two minority groups as case studies: Hungarian and Croats. Political parties of national minorities play a major role in the integration process, their role in the field of political integration is clear, however, the influence of these parties, as the main generators of national minority interests, on cultural autonomy and social integration has not been sufficiently explored. The aim of this paper is to examine the following hypothesis: Cultural autonomy in Serbia is primarily domain, even monopolized by minorities' parties. In order to determine the character of the impact of political parties on the work of NMCs first step will be to distinguish main features of the model of cultural autonomy applied in Serbia. In following will be given a brief overview of minority parties development with special emphasis on their position in political and party system of Serbia. Finally the impact of minority parties on the functioning of NMCs will be presented, through two parameters: participation in elections for NMCS and decision-making process. The first parameter is dedicated to analysis of the results and the subjects of the campaigns. The second parameter relates to the degree of inclusiveness of the decision-making process.
Ustav Republike Hrvatske proklamira ljudska prava i slobode u skladu s dokumentima univerzalnog karaktera i vrelima prava Europske unije i Vijeća Europe. Među tim pravima Ustav utvrđuje prava i slobode na radu i u vezi s radom, prava radnika i njihovih udruga (poslodavaca i njihovih udruga) ali i prava i obveze države (i kada se javlja kao vlast ili/i kao poslodavac). Predmet ovoga rada su industrijske akcije drukčije od štrajka u sadržaju prirodnih prava (prava čovjeka na radu), kao dio prava na rad i slobodu rada, prava na zaradu "kojom može osigurati sebi i obitelji slobodan i dostojan život"; pravo na ograničeno radno vrijeme; pravo na odmore i dopuste; pravo udjela pri odlučivanju u poduzeću; pravo na zaštitu zdravlja i sigurnosti na radu; pravo na socijalnu sigurnost, socijalno osiguranje i zdravstvenu zaštitu; pravo koalicije i osnivanja sindikata "radi zaštite svojih gospodarskih i socijalnih interesa"; pa slijedom toga "jamči se pravo na štrajk". Pitanje i odnose štrajka i drugih industrijskih akcija uređuje zakon i autonomni opći akti, pravila udruga, a utvrđuje i sudska praksa, pored onoga što "kreira" i determinira praksa u živim, primjenljivim i promjenljivim odnosima, bez obzira na njihovu reguliranost. ; The Constitution of the Republic of Croatia proclaims human rights and freedoms in accordance with the documents of universal character and the sources of law of the European Union and the Council of Europe. Among these rights, the Constitution establishes the rights and freedoms at work and in connection with work, the rights of workers and their associations (employers and their associations), but also the rights and obligations of the state (both when it comes to power or/and as an employer). The subject of this paper is industrial action diff erent from the strike in the content of natural rights (human rights at work), as part of the right to work and freedom to work, the right to earn "which can secure a free and dignified life for himself and his family"; the right to a limited working ...
RIJEČ UREDNIŠTVAOvoga 20. listopada obilježit ćemo dvije obljetnice, 120 godina od izgradnje Šumarskoga doma i početka visokoškolske šumarske nastave u Hrvatskoj, upravo u Šumarskome domu. Naime, toga dana 20. listopada 1898. godine počela je s radom Šumarska akademija u sklopu tadašnjeg Mudroslovnog (Filozofskog) fakulteta, kao četvrta visokoškolska ustanova Sveučilišta u Zagrebu. Time je Hrvatsko šumarsko društvo ostvarilo još jedan temeljni cilj, nakon dovođenja u Hrvatsku više šumarske nastave (Gospodarsko šumarsko učilište u Križevcima 1860. god. te početak tiskanja svoga znanstveno-stručnoga i staleškoga glasila Šumarski list 1877. god.). Za poznavanje i gospodarenje najsloženijim ekosustavom – šumom, potreban je visokostručni kadar, geslo je tadašnje politike (sugestija Marije Terezije), koje je putem Hrvatskoga šumarskoga društva ostvareno. Za razliku od današnje politike tada je šumarstvu i šumi dano tako vidno mjesto, koje mu po značaju i pripada. Gospodariti po načelu potrajnosti na gotovo polovici (47 %) kopnene površine Hrvatske zahtijeva drukčiji pristup šumi i šumarstvu u odnosu na današnji. Ponajprije, šumi treba vratiti protuvrijednost koju ona pruža. Ona je danas za mnoge neprepoznata, a nju Hrvatsko šumarsko društvo kao predstavnik objedinjene struke (šumarskoga obrazovanja, prakse i znanosti) neprestano ističe. Sa žaljenjem ističemo da resorni ministar do danas, unatoč molbi, nije našao za shodno primiti na razgovor rukovodstvo Hrvatskoga šumarskoga društva i informirati se o problemima dijela resora kojega pokriva, i to na stručnoj, a ne političkoj razini. Baš nas interesira koliki će značaj dati obilježavanju spomenutih obljetnica?Ostavit ćemo politiku i prelistati dvadeset prvo godište (ili tečaj kako piše) Šumarskoga lista i spomenuti samo neke značajnije napise iz davne 1898. god. Ponajprije treba istaknuti da je glavni urednik bio Josip Kozarac, državni nadšumar iz Vinkovaca, a časopis je tiskan u 12 brojeva.Milan Tordony, kr. šumar polemizira na temu Preborna šuma – primjeri iz Šumarije Fužine – zagovara normalnost sastojine kojoj se gospodarenjem nastojimo približiti – cilj je potrajno dobivati prihod, što je ovisno o strukturi sastojina. Tekst i rasprava poznatog nam A. Kerna naslovljen je na temu "Uređivanje prebornih sastojina". Gašo Vac, krapinski šumar piše "Šume i šumsko gospodarenje u Donjo Miholjačkom kotaru" općenito, a potom o vlastelinskim i o šumama zemljišnih zajednica, posebice hrastovim šumama. Na temu "Kasni (pozni) hrast (Quercus pedunculata var. tardisima Simonkai, glavni urednik Josip Kozarac najavljuje dvije rasprave koje slijede: kr. ugarskog nadšumara Ivana Földesa i W. Nikodema šumarskog upravitelja Turn-Taxisa u Lekeniku.S. Partaš piše na temu "O lugarnicama i lugarskim tečajevima; Aus dem Walde i vin H. Burckhardt u nastavcima o zaštitnom drveću: a) za zaštitu tla, b) za zaštitu sastojine i c) kao zaštitni rub; Jos pl. Ane, kotarski šumar "Oštećenje voluhara u hrastovoj sastojini"; Slavko Sulki "Poledica i njene posljedice na Krašu" (početak prosinca u Općini Hreljin); Nadšumar Kraft "O biološkim podlogama za uzgoj sastojina" (u šumarskoj struci uvijek je osnovica praksa – teorijom se ne mogu šumarska pitanja a priori riješiti, no ona ima zadaću ono što proizlazi iz prakse, znanstveno obrazložiti); Dragutin Hirc u nekoliko nastavaka piše "Iglasto drveće i grmlje hrvatske flore"; Prof. J. Partaš "Hrast u visokoj šumi"; F.X. Kesterčanek "Treba li nam uz akademiju u Zagrebu muzej šumarskog društva?" Naravno, tu su tekstovi: "Šumsko i gospodarsko knjižtvo, Zakoni i normativne naredbe, Zapisnici sa sjednica Upravljajućeg odbora, Državni ispiti za šumarsku struku, Dražbe drvnih proizvoda (dakle prije 120 godina to se rješavalo po tržišnim načelima, a danas politika određuje cijene i puni džepove privatnika pod izlikom da čuva posebice male pilanare i potiče visoko finaliziranu (vidimo li je?) proizvodnju proizvoda iz drva, koja osigurava veće zapošljavanje?), Različite viesti" i dr. Naposljetku slijedi "Naredba kr. hrv.-dalm. zemaljske vlade, odjela za unutarnje poslove i za bogoštovje i nastavu od. 7. listopada 1898. br. 66102., kojom se izdaje naukovni i ispitni red za slušatelje šumarstva na mudroslovnom fakultetu kr. sveučilišta Franjo Josip I. u Zagrebu", sa satnicom predavanja, načinom polaganja ispita i dr. Godište završava s popisom članova ("začasnih, utemeljiteljnih, podupirućih te članova I. i II. razreda").Uredništvo ; EDITORIALOctober 20th 2018 marks two important events: the 120th anniversary of the ceremonious opening of the Forestry House and the beginning of university forestry education in Croatia in the premises of the Forestry House. On October 20, 1898, the Forestry Academy was established within the Faculty of Philosophy as the fourth institution of higher education of the University of Zagreb. The Croatian Forestry Association fulfilled yet one more basic goal, after bringing higher forestry education into Croatia (Agriculture and Forestry College in Križevci in 1860 and the beginning of publishing its scientific forestry-specialized publication - Forestry Journal in 1877). To learn about and manage the most complex ecosystems, the forest, highly expert personnel is needed: this was the motto of the politics of that time (suggested by the Empress Maria Theresa). This motto was put to life through the Croatian Forestry Association. Unlike present-day politics, forestry and forests were then paid due importance. Implementing the principle of sustainability to manage forests that cover almost half (47 %) of the land territory of Croatia required a different approach to forests and forestry than is used today. First of all, the forest should be given back the values it provides. For many, these values are not recognized, although the Croatian Forestry Association as a representative of an integrated profession (forestry education, practice and science) continuously stresses them. We regret to say that, despite our repeated requests, the competent minister has not yet found time to receive the Managing Board of the Croatian Forestry Association to discuss problems arising in a part of the department he is responsible for. We do not wish to discuss problems on a political but on a professional level. Let us wait and see what importance will be given to the anniversaries mentioned above. However, let us leave politics and turn to leafing through Forestry Journal published in 1898 (the twenty-first year of the publication). We shall mention here only several of the more important articles from the year 1898. First, Editor-in-Chief was Josip Kozarac, a state head forester from Vinkovci, and the journal came out in 12 issues. Milan Tordony, the royal forester, discusses the topic of selection forests - examples from Fužine Forest Office - and advocates the normal status of a stand to be achieved with management practices. The goal is to obtain sustainable yield, which depends on the structure of a stand. The text and the debate of the renowned A. Kern bears the title "Managing selection stands". Gašo Vac, a forester from Krapina, writes about "Forests and forest management in the municipality of Donji Miholjac" in general, and then about forests owned by landed gentry and by land communities, in particular about oak forests. Using the topic of "Late flushing oak ( Quercus pedunculata var. tardisima Simonkai), editor-in-chief Josip Kozarac announces two discussions: by the royal Hungarian head forester Ivan Földes and W. Nikodem, forest manager of Thurn-Taxis in Lekenik. S. Partaš writes on the topic of "Ranger's lodges and ranger's training courses; Aus dem Walde and H. Burckhardt write in sequels on protective trees; a) for soil protection, b) for stand protection, and c) as protective edges; Jos Ane, municipal forester, discusses "Vole damage in oak stands"; Slavko Sulki writes about "Glazed frost and its consequences on Karst" (the beginning of December in the Municipality of Hreljin); head forester Kraft writes about "Biological priciples for stand cultivation" (in the forestry profession, practice always comes first - forestry issues cannot be solved a priori by theory, but the task of theory is to give scientific explanations of what arises from practice); Dragutin Hirc writes in several sequels about "Conifer trees and shrubs of the Croatian flora"; Professor J. Partaš discusses "Oak in a high forest"; F. X. Kesterčanek asks "Do we need a Museum of Forestry Association in addition to the Academy in Zagreb?" There are also the following articles: Forestry and agricultural publications, Laws and normative acts, Minutes of management board meetings, State examinations for the forestry profession, Auction sales of wood products (as we see, 120 years ago the sale of wood products was based on market principles, while today it is politics which determines prices and fills the pockets of private owners under the pretext of protecting small sawmill owners and stimulating highly finalized production of wood products to increase employment), "Miscellaneous news", and others, Finally, there is the "Order by the Royal Croatian-Dalmatian Government of the Land, Department of Internal Affairs and of Religion and Education" of October 7, 1898, No 66102, issuing the order of lectures and exams for forestry students at the Faculty of Philosophy at the Royal University of Francis Joseph I in Zagreb", completed with timetables of lectures, manner of taking exams and others. The yearbook ends with a list of members (honorary, founding, supporting, and member of the I and II Class).Editorial Board
Amosova knjiga u svojoj trodijelnoj strukturi ima i govore protiv stranih naroda i Izraela (1,3-2,16). Ti su govori obučeni u literarno ruho zasebnih kitica sa vrstom strukturom koju čini pet elemenata: uvodni poslanički obrazac, opće naviještanje neopozive odluke, posebno obrazloženje navođenjem zločina, prijetnja kaznom, zaključni poslanički obrazac. U takvoj strukturi osobita pozornost u ovome članku pridana je drugome elementu gdje se nalazi literarni oblik stupnjevite brojčane izreke koja se susreće i u mudrosnoj književnosti. Istraživanje je išlo u smjeru određivanja samoga pojma i mjesta gdje se taj pojam rabi u mudrosnoj književnosti i koja određena obilježja ima u tom kontekstu. Analizirane su dvije brojčane izreke i došlo se do zaključka da te izreke kroz ljudsko iskustvo ukazuju na iskrivljenost određenog međuljudskog ponašanja koje svoj vrhunac dobiva u zadnjem elementu brojčane izreke. Tek u naznaci spominje se rijetko Božje sankcioniranje takvih djela. Kod Amosa brojčane izreke imaju istu strukturu s time što ih je on pojednostavio i skratio da bi što više došla do izražaja emfaza u četvrtom elementu koji prorok označava kao pešaʿ (zločin), jednako za sve narode kao i za Izraela. Samu pak kiticu govora protiv Izraela stavlja opet kao emfazu na zadnje, osmo mjesto i time pokazuje da su zločini koje čini Izrael teži od onih koje čine drugi narodi jedni prema drugima, jer Izrael to čini svojim vlastitim sunarodnjacima. Izrael zapravo nije bolji od drugih naroda. Osim toga Bog uzima u zaštitu čovjeka i narode i kažnjava povrede protiv dostojanstva čovjeka i prava naroda. Autor ovoga članka je nastojao analizom uočiti važnost emfaze u brojčanim izrekama i prikazati njezinu funkciju u govoru protiv Izraela. ; In its tripartite structure, Amos's book contains also speeches against foreign nations and Israel (see 1:3 -2:16). These speeches are clothed in literary garments of mutually independent cadenzas characterized by a firm structure that consists of five elements: introductory epistolary form, the general proclamation of irrevocable decision, special explanation via indication of the crime, threat of punishment, concluding epistolary form. Within such a structure, this article will pay special attention to the second element, where one finds the literary form of the gradual numeral proverb that is also to be found in sapiential literature. The research for this article focused on the specification of the concept and place where that concept is used in sapiential literature and on specific characteristics that it has in that context. Two numeral proverbs have been analyzed and the conclusion has been reached that these proverbs appeal to human experience in order to point towards crookedness of specific interpersonal behavior that reaches its peak in the last element of a numeral proverb. God's sanctioning of such acts is mentioned only rarely and in traces. Amos's numeral proverbs maintain the same structure; the only difference being that he made them simpler and shorter in order to point out, even more, their emphasis in the fourth element, called pešaʿ (crime) by the prophet and applying equally to all nations, including Israel. The prophet puts the cadenza of the speech against Israel in the last, eighth place, thereby emphasizing it and showing that crimes of Israel are more serious than crimes of other nations against each other because Israel does such things against their own countrymen. Israel is, therefore, not any better than other nations. Apart from that, God protects human beings and nations and punishes transgressions against the human dignity and rights of nations. The author of this article tries to point out through analysis the importance of emphasis in numeral proverbs and to show its function in the speech against Israel.
Naseljenost nekog područja rezultat je različitih utjecaja, odnosno obilježja (prirodno-geografskih i društveno-gospodarskih). U ovom radu koristi se deskriptivna metoda istraživanja, da bi se što bolje objasnili i prikazali ti utjecaji. Od prirodno-geografskih obilježja u radu se analiziralo oblik otoka, udaljenost naselja od obale, učestalost vjetra i reljef, a od društveno-geografskih promatrani su prometna povezanost i turizam. S obzirom na činjenicu da je turizam najvažnija gospodarska grana na otoku Krku, u radu se provodi korelacijska analiza promatranih demografskih varijabli i varijabli vezanih za turizam otoka Krka u razdoblju od 1971. do 2011. godine. Korelacijska analiza provedena je određivanjem Spearmanovog koeficijenta korelacije ranga, sadržanog u programu SPSS, na temelju podataka svih sedam jedinica lokalne samouprave na otoku Krku. Kartografski prikazi u ovom radu izrađeni su korištenjem programa ArcGIS. U radu je utvrđeno da prirodno-geografska obilježja, koja su odlučujuća u osnivanju, odnosno razmještaju naselja, nisu jedini čimbenik u njihovu razvoju. Na razvoj i promjene naseljenosti otoka Krka velik utjecaj imali su razvoj industrije, prometa i turizma. Uvođenjem trajektnih linija i, naročito, izgradnjom mosta, prethodno izolirani otok postao je dobro povezan s kopnenim zaleđem i obližnjim otocima. Prometna povezanost glavni je preduvjet pojave i razvoja turizma. Turizam je trenutno jedan od najvažnijih razloga doseljavanja stanovništva na otok, te razlog premještanja stanovništva na (položene) obalne dijelove. Rezultati korelacijske analize pokazali su povezanost svih promatranih varijabli. ; A region's population is the result of various influences or characteristics (such as natural or geographical, as well as socio-economic). In this paper, a descriptive method is used to explain these influences in more detail. In the natural and geographical category, the following features were analysed: the shape of the island, distance of the settlement from the shore, frequency of wind, and terrain. In the socio-economic category, the availability of traffic routes and tourism were studied. Considering that tourism is the most important branch of economy on the island of Krk, a correlation analysis was conducted as part of this paper. This was done by observing the demographic variables, as well as the variables related to tourism on Krk in the period between 1971 and 2011. The correlation analysis was done by determining the Spearman's Rank correlation coefficient, which is included in the SPSS software, based on data from all seven local government units on the island of Krk. Cartographic representations in this paper were created with the help of ArcGIS software. In the paper, it was established that natural and geographical characteristics, which are key when forming settlements and the layout thereof, are not the only contributing factor in their development. The development and population changes on the island of Krk were heavily influenced by the development of industry, traffic and tourism. By improving ferry lines and connections, and especially by building the Krk bridge, a previously isolated island became very well-connected with the mainland and inland, as well as the surrounding islands. A good traffic connection is the prerequisite for the development and expansion of tourism. Currently, tourism is one of the main reasons for the increase of migration toward the island, as well as the reason for the resettlement of the local population to the (flat) coastal areas. The results of the correlation analysis show that all of the observed variables are connected.
Among the many factors that determine the development of a political democracy, political culture should be stressed. Research by Almond and Verba, and later similar research in Yugoslavia, show that there exists a rather strong connection between political culture and the stability of a democratic political system. As large and ever larger groups of people have access to television, this mass medium plays more and more prominent role in shaping political culture. When the population attains (as in many societies now) a certain basic level of education, the majority of programmes can be understood by everybody. With this, there is lessening of the discrimination as to the political information, at least in principle. Television is an especially potent medium for introducing people into subject areas for which they have shown little or no interest previously. In spite of selective processes, a good measure of such material reaches the viewer and causes changes in his mind. People, in short, become conscious of political processes, which means enhancing of political culture. After the advent of TV, the political process has been transformed into real life, that can be seen, heard and almost touched. With this, the politician and politics itself loses their mystique and moves into the area of the secular things. The politician's image on the TV screen in not only physically diminished, but also psychologically deflated: now everybody can measure and criticize him by use of common yardsticks. In that way ordinary citizens gain certain strength, of the psychological nature, that becomes a part of their new political culture. Furthermore, television acts as an integrator and affirmer of small, isolated opposition groups. This is especially important for political systems in which political life has been integrated around two or three great political parties, and everything outside, remains unnoticed and ineffective. When such a small political group gets a portion of TV time (as it must, because it il »news« by definition), it immediately draws the support of all similar element in society and by that the chance to influence the broader political process. Naturally, television does not have only positive effects on political culture and political process. We not forget that television, with rare exceptions, is under direct and strong monopolistic control of varied political and other elites. The television viewer is to a large extent a victim of manipulation. Furthermore, there are some authors that consider television detrimental for political action, because it purportedly passivizes the public. But our conclusion is still on the positive side. The suppression of news and information in general, cannot go too far except in countries that are cut off the rest of the world in a seal-tight fashion. If people get information and that during long periods, (throughout years and decades), they cannot but form their attitudes, and become readier for political action, »spectoritis« or not. The whole problem of television influence on viewer should be always discussed in a broad time perspective, and not, as in some of the current research, in an artificially isolated moment. And so, to conclude, television does build the basic psycho-cultural prerequisites for better political participation, and by that, for a more democratic world.
The political and social renascence that took place in the latter part of the 19th century made possible the revival of economic, cultural, and artistic activities. This became particularly evident in the building activity spreading, as in the rest of Europe of that period, in the wake of the then fashionable neo-styles that made a somewhat belated appearance at Vis. A Neo-Gothic building, designed to house the premises of the Hrvatski Dom, was built in the central part of the water-front (luka) et the very beginning of the current century, while a Neo-Renaissance dwelling-house was erected for the Tramontana family in 1911. The local school, designed by the native architect Marinković, was built in the Neo-Classicist style in 1910. The building housing the Army Club premises (Dom JNA) and the new fishmarket were also erected in the Neo-Classicist style. Some Neo-Classicist tombs may be seen on the cemetery where the Neo-Renaissance Dojmi Chapel stands out among other monuments. A Neo-Renaissance dwelling-house, belonging to the Mardešić Gariboldi family, was built at Komiža in in the early part of the current century, while the construction of a building in the Secessionist style (The Hum Café) followed shortly. The trend prevailing at the end of the 19th and at the beginning of the 20th centuries is evident also in a series of simple, modest houses designed in no definite style at all, but containing elements of various neo-styles or of the Viennese Secession in their facades. Gutters for carrying off rain water, usually sunk in decorative roof cornices supported by consoles; rows of tall windows with simply dressed stone frames that were molded in some cases; standard shop entrances in the ground floor; balconies with wrought-iron balustrades; basement windows protected with iron grating, etc., all these elements were commonplace during that period lasting through the thirties of the current century when the increasing use of concrete almost entirely repleced stone as building material, rendering the facade construction an utterly simple affair. Among the movables dating from the above mentioned period, the Neo-Gothic furniture of the pharmacy (Narodna Apoteka) at Komiža, and the home furniture owned by the Lučić-Roki family at Vis (designed by Dragutin Inkiostri Medenjak, painter and decorator, 1866-1942) are worth mentioning. So are several pieces of furniture, etc., dating from the late 19th and early 20th centuries scattered in various houses on the island. Two painters native from Komiža, Vinko Foretić and Miho Marinković, contributed to the development of the modern art in Croatia during the early part of the current century. While the former returned to his native island after years of youthful wanderings, dedicating his ability to landscape painting and portraying of life and people of Komiža, the latter ended his days as a university professor (member of the Faculty of Architecture) in Belgrade. Boasting marvellous scenery and views of the sea, picturesque water-front and interesting fishermen popular even abroad, Komiža has attracted a number of artists for a long period now. One of them was Đuro Tiljak who came to live on the island time and again where he painted considerable number of his canvases. A memorial collection of his works, comprising all his creations involving the island, was opened at Komiža in 1967. The Island of Vis, having played a most important part in the People's Revolution, has a special niche in its history. Owing to its geographical position, lying far from the mainland in the open sea, the island, turned into a wartime garrison by the People's Liberation Army as soon as Italy surrendered to the Allies in 1943, became an impregnable fortress in the Adriatic, successfully resisting the attacks of German forces in the area. That is why a number of localities and structures on the island, reminding us of those eventful years, are significant not only for the history of Dalmatia but of the whole of Yugoslavia. The glorious days of the recent past are re-awakened by memorial tablets or slogans found on old stone-built houses in the island villages and hamlets; by graves of fallen partisans scattered in a number of grave-yards and on the former aerodrome – once a lonely window flung open to the outer world and now a peaceful green vineyard; and also by miscellaneous articles or documents surviving in the silanders' homes. Numerous traces of red – or blue – painted slogans still found on the walls of houses at Vis, Komiža, Podšpilje, Marinje Zemlje, Dračevo Polje, Podstražje, and other villages and hamlets on the island, bear eloquent testimony to the wartime events, particularly to the significant ones in 1944. The cave located to the nort-west of Borovik is no doubt the most important monument belonging to that period as it served as sheltered headquarters for the People's Liberation Army from where its Commander-in-Chief, Marshal Josip Broz Tito, controlled its activities in the field aiming at the liberation of the country. The cave has therefore been named Titova Špilja. Several memorial tablets have been erected in the post-war period, either to mark some historic spots or to honour the victims of the Fascist persecution, fallen partisans, etc., Among the memorial tablets set up at Komiža, the one on the Tower is in memory of the 1940 municipal election victory of the workpeople of Komiža when 18 councilmen were returned, who directed the municipal affairs under the leadership of the Communist Party of Croatia; others, set up on various houses at Vis, mark the one-time seats of the District Committee of the Communist Party of Croatia for the central Dalmatian archipelago, and of the Regional Committee of the People's Liberation Movement, etc. A memorial tablet, set up on the Kučić Family house at Komiža, reminds us of the decision made by the local Communist Party Committee in 1941 to start attacking the invader's forces, while the inscription on another tablet erected on the house owned by Luka Borčić (at Žena Glava), records the spot where – from January through October 1944 – the Dalmatian Regional Committee of the Communist Party of Croatia conducted the armed revolt of the people against the Fascist invader. Fallen partisans have been hounoured by memorial tablets set up at Vis, Komiža, Podstražje, Marinje Zemlje, Podšpilje, and on the Island of Biševo. Both native and British airmen, killed in action in the course of the struggle for liberation, have also been honoured, the native flyers at Velo Polje and the British at the Čunkovica crossroads. Monuments remind us of the executed hostages at Vis and Komiža in 1943 while a memorial tablet records the spot where Nikola Marinković – Top was killed. As a part of the celebration of the twentieth anniversary of the stay on the island (in 1944) of the members of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Yugoslavia, of the headquarters of the People's Liberation Army, and of Marshal Tito himself, several buildings were dedicated in 1964 to the fighters killed in action and to the victims of Fascist cruelty. Among such buildings are the memorial school, designed by the Architect N. Šegvić, and the memorial premises for popular meetings, etc., designed by S. Planić. A memorial well built at Podšpilje bears the inscription of some verses by J. Franičević and of names of the fallen fighters. A large monolith erected at Vis marks the spot where the Commander-in-Chief of the armed forces of the People's Liberation Army, Marshal Josip Broz Tito, reviewed the First Dalmatian Brigade decorating it for bravery with the Order of People's Liberation. A sentence from his speech reading: »Tuđe nećemo – svoje ne damo« (We do not what is not ours but we will not surrender what is ours) has been cut in the monolith. A number of buildings at Vis bear inscriptions recording various wartime events, e. g. the stay there (in 1944) of the presidium of the Anti-Fascist Council of Yugoslavia, of the People's Committe, of the Vis Island District Committee, etc. Some buildings at Komiža are marked in a similar way, and we learn from the inscriptions which of the houses were occupied by the Military Command, Military Hospital, Refugee Collecting Station, etc. Memorial tablets have also been set up at Borovik Village, in order to mark the houses once occupied by the Centrl Comittee of the Communist Party of Yugoslavia, the 26th Division Headquarters, and the Soviet, British, and American military missions. The Dalmatian Regional Committee of the Communist Party of Croatia, the Agitprop, the Slobodna Dalmacija Editorial Office, etc., were housed at Žena Glava Village, while various aerodrome services etc. had their quarters at Marinje Zemlje. The headquarters of the 1st Dalmatian Brigade and 3rd Overseas Brigade were at Podselje. A number of miscellaneous movable articles connected with the People's War of Liberation have been preserved and are now on show at the Museum at Vis as also in some private homes. A significant architectural contribution has been recorded on the island in the field of building construction. The Yugoslav Army Club premises at Komiža and a number of handsome dwelling-houses (all designed by the Architect Vitić) and the large Wine Cellars (designed by the Architect Fabris) are particularly noteworthy.
The paper analyses Art. 12 of the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities and its implications for the position of persons with mental disabilities. The new concept of legal capacity contained in Art. 12 should ensure that fundamental human rights of these persons are no longer "a dead letter on paper". However, once the Convention came into force, the implementation of this provision has proved to be problematic for States Parties. Diane Kingston, former Vice-Chairperson of the Committee on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, best expressed the scale of the problem in October 2015 when she emphasized that no country had until that point fully met the requirements contained in Art. 12. Given that the Convention is a document that prescribes the fundamental human rights, the statement that no national legislation is consistent with its key provision is confusing and worrying. Therefore, a special attention should be paid to Art. 12 and its implementation in practice ; U radu se analizira odredba čl. 12. Konvencije o pravima osoba s invaliditetom te njezin utje- caj na položaj osoba s duševnim smetnjama. Nova koncepcija poslovne sposobnosti sadržana u čl. 12. trebala bi osigurati da temeljna ljudska prava osoba s duševnim smetnjama više ne budu mrtvo slovo na papiru. No, nakon što je Konvencija stupila na snagu, implementacija ove odredbe pokazala se problematičnom za države stranke. O razmjerima problema najbolje govori izjava Diane Kingston, bivše potpredsjednice Odbora za prava osoba s invaliditetom, iz listopada 2015., kako dotad nijedna zemlja nije u potpunosti udovoljila zahtjevima sadržani- ma u čl. 12. S obzirom na to da je Konvencija dokument koji propisuje temeljna ljudska prava, izjava kako nijedno nacionalno zakonodavstvo nije usklađeno s njegovom ključnom odredbom zbunjujuća je i zabrinjavajuća te zahtijeva da se odredbi čl. 12. posveti posebna pozornost.
U članku se objavljuju rezultati istraživanja provedenih na lopudskom Kneževu dvoru. Donose se podaci o njegovim tipološkim obilježjima i načinu gradnje, o prostornoj organizaciji cjeline i kuće, o funkciji pojedinih prostorija i infrastrukturi 15. stoljeća. Tlocrtno rješenje i arhitektonska dekoracija unutrašnjosti i vanjštine pokazuju karakteristike i gotičkog i renesansnog stila. ; Research carried out in 2005 in the Rector's Palace on the island of Lopud resulted in two kinds of finds. One clarified the function and appearance of the rooms of this monument in the second half of the 15th century and proved to be important for the renovation. The second set of finds, however, can be considered completely unexpected, relating to the manner of construction, the preparation of the ground and the way the rooms are equipped technologically. Here it is not the stone furniture or installations that are meant. Almost nothing of these finds can be renovated and restored to its function, but is of great importance for knowledge of the conditions of housing at that time. By referring to the notes in little known fragments from the writings of the greatest treatise writers of the time it has been shown that the camino and necessario together with all the outlet ducts (chimneys and channels) are topics that they found engrossing. The typological particularity of the Lopud Rector's Palace derives from the combination of the two essentially different functions – residential and public. However, of all the seats of government in the extra-urban area of Dubrovnik, this is the best example of the creation of a grand building for public use by the adoption of the typological and architectural features of country villa architecture. The characteristic L-shaped ground plan created by a two storey house and wing with terrace, the disposition of the developed parts within the fenced plot and the division of the fenced garden into two parts (including the courtyard), the link of the hall with the terrace in front of the façade and with the garden behind are all marks of many of the Dubrovnik villas. But while the villas, almost without exception, have a standard floor plan on both ground floor and first floor – a central hall and two rooms on each side, in the Lopud Rector's Palace there was a deviation from this kind of plan. In the ground floor the deployment of the rooms and their apertures in shape and size is subordinated to function. But on the first floor it is very different: in that part of the façade that is visible in the full height, the fenestration is symmetrical, irrespective of the asymmetrical arrangement of the rooms. Here prevailed, clearly, the aspiration to mark the piano nobile by the regular distribution of windows. On the façade, then, the apertures of the ground floor and the upstairs do not correspond along the vertical axes. This prompts the conclusion that some of the elements in the organisation of the space and the fenestration – in spite of the stylistic forms of architectural decoration – reveal a stronger connection with Gothic than with Renaissance architecture. The interweaving of Gothic and Renaissance elements can be followed in the Lopud palace in the spatial division, in the distribution of apertures on the facades, and also in the parallel appearance of windows in both one and the other style. What is more, here it is shown that in spite of the increasingly marked penetration of Renaissance forms, the traditional Gothic shapes were still preferred, and considered a mark of refinement, particularly where the exterior is concerned. For this reason on the front elevation, which can be seen from a distance and from all around, there are only Gothic apertures, while the Renaissance windows are placed on the subsidiary lateral elevations visible only from the garden. The time of the creation of the Rector's Palace on Lopud was determined by some characteristics of the architecture and some stylistically formed elements of its stone furnishing. And while on the fireplace and all the wall wardrobes in the rooms, in the private areas, that is, Renaissance forms prevail, in the grandest public room in the hall on the top floor the most important decorative element, the large wall wash basin, the Gothic type of framework remains, decorated with Renaissance motifs. Irrespective of such combinations of two styles corresponding to a fairly broad time span, it is certain that a decision to build the Rector's Palace on Lopud could have occurred only after 1447; the upper limit for the building can be placed in the 1470s. Proof of this kind of dating can be found in Lopud itself. In its own Lopud surrounds, the Rector's Palace remained a supreme achievement. The example would be followed in various ways, but it would have been hard for the forms of the two styles to be so logically and properly combined at all levels anywhere else. In the quality of its architecture the Rector's Palace on Lopud should call to mind numerous still unexplored and undiscovered houses, palaces and mansions that with the loss of their original function are gradually disappearing, while at the same time, outside this country, increasing attention is being devoted to the history of residential architecture.
