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The adoption of ethical relativism as the working assumption of social science is not justified by the evidence. The assumption usually rests upon authorities from sister disciplines, but these are rarely specified. Most social scientists have abandoned the commonsense view that the scientific study of man can contribute to his happiness by helping him formulate appropriate social & individual goals & choose the right means of achieving them. Rather, they usually demonstrate excessive confidence in scientific facts & methods &, conversely, profess excessive scepticism about the fruitfulness of any attempt to resolve issues of value. Modified HA.

Subjectivism, some cultural differences, and cultural moral relativism -- A remembered incident, human rights as a "higher standard," and arguments against cultural moral relativism -- More on "higher standards," arguments against subjectivism, why Maria is not a cultural moral relativist, and manners versus morality -- Tolerance, conscience, moral universals, ethnocentrism, and moral absolutes -- Modified cultural moral relativism and qualified subjectivism -- Moral relativism versus moral absolutism, the determining type of moral relativism versus the varying type, Vishnu sums up, and different kinds of cultural differences revisited