Suchergebnisse

This article contributes to the study of Hispanic-Serving Institutions (HSIs) through a narrative grounded on two points of innovation. It offers frameworks to decenter the conversation on HSIs from normative practices in higher education to focus on pedagogical, cultural, and political relational processes that find greater congruence between nominal HSIs and the Latina/o students, families, and the communities that populate those universities. It looks at points of innovation that emerged in two different parts of the country at different places, spaces, and time. One was initiated at the University of North Florida (UNF) in the early-to-mid-1970s, and the second is taking place at the University of Texas Rio Grande Valley in South Texas (UTRGV). The UNF experience placed race relations front and center of its innovation and offers an appropriate historical lens through which to understand the social and institutional change taking place in South Texas. The UTRGV work provides an example of how an HSI can align its curricular and core identity to reflect the population and region it serves. This study employs a methodology and theoretical framework that aligns the inquiry, pedagogy, and meaning-making process in a generative and relational discourse.

This article presents the results of petrographic studies into collections of artifacts from the Acheulean complexes located in the Darvagchai Geoarchaeological District in Southeastern Dagestan. Throughout the entire Stone Age, raw stone was a crucial resource for subsistence of ancient humans. The lack of high-quality flint raw materials had been previously considered to be the main factor for concluding that this area was rarely visited by ancient humans. Archaeological research over the past decade has shown the opposite. During the exploration works, over ten Paleolithic sites were discovered and studied. Analysis of raw material sources has revealed that there are several main types of rocks in the area of the sites. The petrographic composition of the collections indicates that the overwhelming majority of artifacts were made of flint, while sporadic artifacts were made of limestone and sandstone. Flint raw materials which were used at the sites are distinguished by large number of internal defects, primarily, fracturing. The raw material factor played a very important role in the area. All large, carefully shaped macro-tools were made of sandstone and limestone, while mostly poorly shaped small artifacts were made of flint. Thus, sizes, methods, and intensity of processing stone tools demonstrate direct dependence on the type of raw material.

Aim: To explore how the media and socially established hero narrative, affected the nursing staff who worked in the frontline during the first round of the COVID19-pandemic. Background: During the COVID19-pandemic, both media, politicians and the public have supported and cheered on the frontline healthcare workers around the world. We have found the hero narrative to be potentially problematic for both nurses and other healthcare workers. This paper presents an analysis and discussion of the consequences of being proclaimed a hero. Design: Hospital ethnography including fieldwork and focus groups. Method: Empirical data was collected in a newly opened COVID19-ward in a university hospital in the urban site of Copenhagen, Denmark. Fieldwork was performed from April until the ward closed in the end of May 2020. Succeeding focus group interviews with nursing staff who worked in the COVID19-ward were conducted in June 2020. The data were abductively analysed. Results: The nursing staff rejected the hero narrative in ways that show how the hero narrative leads to predefined characteristics, ideas of being invincible and self-sacrificing, knowingly and willingly working in risk, transcending duties and imbodying a boundless identity. Being proclaimed as a hero inhibits important discussions of rights and boundaries. Conclusion: The hero narrative strips the responsibility of the politicians and imposes it onto the hospitals and the individual heroic health care worker. Impact: It is our agenda to show how the hero narrative detaches the connection between the politicians, society and healthcare system despite being a political apparatus. When reassessing contingency plans, it is important to incorporate the experiences from the health care workers and include their rights and boundaries. Finally, we urge the media to cover a long-lasting pandemic without having the hero narrative as the reigning filter.

This article presents evidence of a "Latino oral health paradox," in which Mexican immigrant parents in California's Central Valley report having had better oral health status as children in Mexico than their U.S.‐born children. Yet little research has explored the specific environmental, social, and cultural factors that mediate the much‐discussed "Latino health paradox," in which foreign‐born Latinos paradoxically enjoy better health status than their children, U.S.‐born Latinos, and whites. Through ethnography, we explore the dietary and environmental factors that ameliorated immigrant parents' oral health status in rural Mexico, while ill preparing them for the more cariogenic diets and environments their children face in the United States. We argue that studies on the "Latino health paradox" neglect a binational analysis, ignoring the different health status of Latino populations in their sending countries. We use the issue of immigrant children's high incidence of oral disease to initiate a fuller dialogue between U.S.‐based studies of the "health paradox" and non‐U.S.‐based studies of the "epidemiological transition." We show that both models rely on a static opposition between "traditional" and "modern" health practices, and argue that a binational analysis of the processes that affect immigrant children's health can help redress the shortcomings of epidemiological generalizations.

While French jails are facing the double-bind of an increasing number of prisoners to manage efficiently, and pressures to humanize their treatment, the development of judicial procedures and the role of legal professionals in the daily functioning of the prison changes practices of custody. Through the ethnographic survey of two jails (observations and interviews with prisoners, staff, parole judges, lawyers, etc.), the dissertation contributes to a sociology of institutions and of law in action. It investigates the often contradictory aspects of law in prison : a tool of mass management and of individualization of sentences ; an expression of the coercive power and a guarantee of the rights of the administration's subjects ; a neoliberal framing of reentry and a fundamental reference to human dignity. The outline follows the prisoner's trajectory and various moments of his evaluation (intake, disciplinary hearings, parole boards) : these practical uses of law are embedded into interactions between agents of the institution and their clients (men, mostly young, from lower socio-economic backgrounds and belonging to racial minorities). Multiple professional fields (custody, the judicial, the social) are involved, but also moral feelings pertaining to how notions like dangerousness, responsibility or vulnerability are framed in the public sphere. Circulating between different scales (the local jail, the prison administration, public policies) this research offers, through the case study of prison, a contribution to an anthropology of the State. ; Alors que les maisons d'arrêt françaises sont soumises à la double injonction de gérer efficacement un nombre croissant de personnes et d'humaniser le traitement pénal, le développement des procédures juridiques et de la place des professionnels du droit dans le quotidien de la prison modifie les pratiques de prise en charge. À travers l'ethnographie de deux établissements (observations et entretiens avec détenus, personnels pénitentiaires, juges d'application des peines, avocats, etc.), cette thèse contribue à une sociologie de l'institution et du droit en actes, étudiant les multiples facettes du droit en prison : instrument de gestion de masse comme d'individualisation de la peine, expression du pouvoir coercitif et garantie des droits des administrés, formulation d'une conception libérale de la réinsertion et du principe de dignité individuelle. Le développement suit le parcours carcéral du détenu et les différents moments de jugement (accueil des arrivants, commissions de discipline, audiences d'aménagement de peine) : ces mises en œuvre pratiques du droit sont encastrées dans des interactions entre les agents de l'institution et leur public (des hommes, souvent jeunes, issus de milieux populaires et des minorités ethnico-raciales) ; elles font intervenir des enjeux de champs professionnels multiples (sécuritaire, juridique, social) ainsi que des sentiments moraux relatifs aux formulations dans l'espace public des notions de dangerosité, responsabilité, vulnérabilité. Circulant entre l'échelle de l'établissement, de l'institution, et des politiques publiques, cette recherche propose, à partir du cas de la prison, une contribution à une anthropologie de l'État.

During the early metal period (10th century BC-3rd century AD), burials in stone structures such as dolmens and stone cists became widespread in Korea and Japan. Burials in stone cists represent a unique and poorly studied theme of the burial culture of the ancient population of these regions. The purpose of this work is a comprehensive analysis of the funeral rite of burials in stone cists in South Korea and Japan. The basic site for the study of burials in stone cists in the territory of Korea is Daepyeongri near Jinju city. Similar burials in stone cists are also noted at the sites of Jouno, Yoshinogari, and Doigahama in Western Japan. The study of the funeral rite of burials in stone cists at these sites revealed the identity of the construction and some features of the funeral rite of these structures. Stone cists are sub-rectangular in the plan built of stone slabs placed on the edge, also with stone slabs on the floor and as overlaps. The dimensions of the cists generally correspond to the height of the buried persons. Burials contained therein were performed, in most cases, according to the rite of the corpse placement on the back. The buried persons lie with their head to the south or east, their arms and legs bent. There is no clear differentiation in the grave goods between male and female burials. It is assumed that a single case of partial burial in Korea is associated with contacts with neighboring Japan. Some features of burial rites may indicate special social status of the buried person: the use of cinnabar, picturesque images on grave ceilings. The presence of the children's burials in the stone cists in both Korea and Japan refutes the persistent opinion that children were buried only in ceramic urn pots and indicates that social status of some children was equal to the adult members of society at that time.

Three sites of Ust-Ulma I—III were explored in the 1980s in the Mazanovsky District of Amur Region, at the mouth of the Ulma River which flows into the Selemdzha River, on its left side. Essentially, the evidence from these sites represents the Late Paleolithic Selemdzha culture. However, the upper cultural layer at these sites contained the evidence both from the Neolithic (Ust-Ulma I) and the Paleometal Age. Most of the artifacts, including pottery fragments of different periods, bronze objects, and stone tools come from the Ust-Ulma III site. Their study has shown that they belonged to two periods of the Paleometal Age. Fragments ofvessel rims of the Uril and Talakan cultures of the Early Iron Age, as well as Mikhailovka culture of the Early Middle Ages have been unambiguously identified. There were a few finds of the Uril pottery, but a bronze knife of distinctive shape belonging to this culture was discovered at the nearby Ust-Ulma I site. The largest number of pottery fragments, one bronze adornment, and one stone polished tool of distinctive shape are definitely associated with the Talakan culture. Different pottery fragments of the Mikhailovka culture have revealed that they belonged to about ten vessels; however, there were not many fragments belonging to this culture at the excavated site. Introduction of this small pottery collection into scholarly use has made it possible to place one more location of the Uril, Talakan and Mikhailovka cultures on the archaeological map of Amur Region. In addition, the evidence of the Late Neolithic Osinoozersk culture was present at the nearby Ust-Ulma I site.

Abstract
Transnational family living refers to the situation of maintaining relationships across national borders. It is dependent on a certain degree of flexibility from the state. As part of the crisis response to the COVID-19 pandemic, this flexibility was revoked. As a result, existing mobility inequalities became more visible than ever: while travel restrictions came as a shock to many, they created an additional challenge to those who had been struggling in the past. All persons engaged in transnational family living had to find ways to navigate the new situation. Our project is based on policy review and online ethnography taking Norway as a case. We discuss how individuals tried to maintain cross-border and mixed-status family lives during the first year of the pandemic, reacted to the borders closing, and found solace and advice from others in similar situations. The COVID-19 pandemic and the travel restrictions that followed have exposed vulnerabilities associated with transnational living and revealed to those involved that their arrangements were conditioned by the non-interference of the state. Our article engages in the discussion on the complexity of transnational family living and uses the case of the pandemic and the sudden state intervention in mobility regulations to expose the hidden parts of the puzzle that sustain the contemporary attributes of transnationalism.

Drawing on two case studies from large-scale fieldwork carried out on euthanasia in Belgium and assisted suicide in Switzerland, this article focuses on the processes of normalization that structure aid in dying. Normalization takes place through a set of apparatuses only partially derived from current legislation, which underlie the relationships that develop between those requesting aid in dying, healthcare staff, volunteers, and loved ones. The resulting arrangements are specific to each national context, but the empirical data also point to broadly common traits, highlighting new paradigmatic forms of aid in dying in the contemporary era. ; SCOPUS: ar.j ; info:eu-repo/semantics/published

One of the means to preserve and study cultural heritage objects is aerial photography by unmanned aircrafts combined with a complex of photogrammetric techniques. The article provides data on 3D-modeling of the territories of various archaeological heritage objects located in the Ural and Siberian federal districts of the Russian Federation. The main goals of photogrammetry are visualization of the state of areas with such objects, analysis of relief elements of the modern surface, and documentation of archaeological excavations. The article concisely describes the chaine operatoire — operational and production chains of actions during archaeological field work — inspection and excavation and briefly describes the scientific results of photogrammetric work at the surveyed archaeological sites. In addition, the main disadvantages of the photogrammetry technique when using images taken by unmanned aircraft caused by the imperfections of the software and at times the unsatisfactory results of aerial photography are presented. With the help of three-dimensional modeling, we can create a visual 3D image of the territory of an archaeological site. Photogrammetry data were used in practice, both during field work (monitoring the technical condition of archaeological objects, determining the spatial characteristics of relief elements on the site), and in the process of writing various scientific reports (correcting elements of the topographic plan, planning measures to ensure the preservation of archaeological heritage objects; keeping records of a dig site and its sections, stratigraphic and planigraphic profiles, constructions, structures, etc.). The development of 3D-modeling technologies contributes to obtaining more precise information about the objects under study; currently it is one of the most reliable and simple ways to visualize cultural heritage objects.