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Resulta significativo el cuidado de la salud de las personas en edades reproductivas, pues mantienen la capacidad productiva de las poblaciones y sostienen financieramente sus sistemas de seguridad social. El objetivo fue indagar respecto a este cuidado en Argentina en el período 2005-2020 mediante el análisis de las tendencias de la mortalidad. Interesó especialmente estimar la participación relativa de las muertes evitables en total de muertes contabilizadas anualmente, su composición según causas específicas y su dinámica según sexo. Se trabajó con una metodología cuantitativa y descriptiva basada en el cálculo de tasas específicas de mortalidad para la población de 15 a 44 años, y el análisis de regresión joinpoint para evaluar su tendencia temporal, con base en información oficial. Los resultados mostraron un predominio de causas evitables en el total de muertes relevadas, pero mayormente en hombres (principalmente, evitables por prevención). Entre estos últimos, la tasa de mortalidad evitable descendió significativamente y en las mujeres no varió. Asimismo, se observaron reducciones significativas de las tasas de mortalidad por enfermedades infecciosas y parasitarias, enfermedades del sistema circulatorio y accidentes. Como contrapartida, se incrementaron significativamente las tasas de mortalidad por enfermedades respiratorias, tumores (en mujeres) y eventos de intención no determinada.

Under 2020 genomförde sekretariatet för selektivt fiske, vid institutionen för akvatiska resurser (SLU Aqua) tillsammans med svenskt yrkesfiske, 2 projekt inom ramen för regeringens satsning på selektivt fiske. Den övergripande målsättningen för alla projekt inom selektivt fiske är att underlätta införandet av den landningsskyldighet som sedan 2015 införts i och med reformen av EU:s gemensamma fiskeripolitik, samt att utveckla mer skonsamma och rovdjursäkra fiskemetoder. Projekten syftade därför till att minska oönskad fångst i svenskt fiske antingen genom att utveckla befintliga fiskemetoder (framförallt inom trålfiske) eller genom att utveckla alternativa fiskemetoder (främst passiva redskap såsom fällor och burar), eller att minska bottenpåverkan vid trålfiske. De tre projekt som utfördes under 2020 var: 1. "Ökad användning av utvecklade redskap" (HaV Dnr 2215-2019) – Kapitel 2 2. "Redskapsutveckling för fiske efter skrubbskädda i Östersjön" (HaV Dnr 808-2020) – Kapitel 3 3. "Utveckling av riktat hållbart skrubbskäddefiske i Östersjön" (HaV Dnr 2776-2020) – Kapitel 4 Projekten genomfördes genom att projektförslag togs fram gemensamt av SLU Aqua och näringen utifrån fiskets uttryckliga behov och idéer. Projektförslagen prioriterades och beslutades av en särskild styrgrupp på Havs- och vattenmyndigheten (HaV) där HaV och Jordbruksverket beslutar, varefter SLU Aqua upphandlade utförare och agerade projektledare. Vinnande part ansvarade sedan för att anskaffa och utveckla respektive projektidé enligt projektplanen med stöd från sekretariatet. Projektet "Ökad användning av utvecklade redskap" togs dock fram gemensamt av näringens producentorganisationer Havs- och kustfiskarnas producentorganisation (HKPO) och Sveriges fiskares producentorganisation (SFPO), Havs och vattenmyndigheten, Jordbruksverket samt SLU som en följd av ytterst begränsat upptag i praktiskt fiske av tidigare utvecklade och utvärderade redskap inom ramen för sekretariatets arbete.

The purpose of the dissertation is to analyze the institutionalization of national masculinity policy in Sweden, focusing on idea and policy development regarding the issue of men and gender equality from the 1980s until the 2020s. Swedish national masculinity policy can be characterized as a delimitable area within gender equality policy that is specifically focused on promoting the development of gender equal men. The dissertation shows Sweden as pioneering in regard to this institutional invention promoting "the new man" and as active in disseminating these ambitions internationally. The main material consists of reports from Swedish governmental working groups and inquiries on men and gender equality during the period, as well as the gender equality policy bills and written communications submitted by the Swedish government to parliament. A methodological approach for an ideational policy analysis in historical perspective is outlined to study the institutionalization process of this policy area over time. The dissertation analyzes the discursive framework that the issue of men and gender equality has been embedded in, how the issue has been addressed at the political level, how it has been problematized in the working groups and inquiries, and finally formally institutionalized by the government. Based on Carol Bacchi's method for policy analysis, the dissertation shows how policy problems regarding men and gender equality have been constructed and represented in different ways during the institutionalization process and what the discursive effects of different policy representations have been. In comparison to previous research on masculinity politics in various men's groups or social movements, the dissertation shows the need to analyze "national masculinity policy" in relation to institutional factors and frameworks. The development of national masculinity policy is discussed in relation to theories of institutional change. The dissertation shows how ideas about men and gender equality that have been developed in research, social movements, and public debate have influenced politics, confirming the assumptions in feminist institutional research that emphasize the importance of ideas for institutional change. This development is described in terms of idea-based incremental institutional change. The dissertation also points to the importance of actors in problem representation processes, using the concept of interpretive repertoire to highlight how the actors who participated in the governmental inquiries on men and gender equality balanced the different perspectives found in their contexts (ideas in public debate, research, and policy). In other words, the dissertation studies the path from idea to formal institution when it comes to the question of the new man in Sweden.

Up until 2020 Aleksandr Lukashenka's authoritarian regime had ruled Belarus for 26 years without major challenges. Thus, the popular mobilization that took shape in connection with the August 2020 presidential election came as a surprise. It was not the first time that elections in Belarus were not fair – but it was the first time that large sectors of the population reacted openly. Six months later, Belarusians all over the country were still contesting the falsified results. What contributed to this mobilization and politicization of a previously largely apolitical society? Why does that development represent such a serious threat to the authoritarian system? This study sees the Belarusian presidential election and its aftermath as illustrating the 'politics of uncertainty' of electoral authoritarian regimes. Because of the intrinsic insecurity of authoritarian systems, all regular elections in that context entail risks, which in theory might lead to change. In Belarus, the emergence of latent threats to the regime's legitimacy in the form of social cleavages and an economic crisis, combined with the fundamental dynamics of the 'election game', amplified this instability. The election served as the starting point for a process of transformation that became the most serious threat ever faced by the Lukashenka regime.

Öresundsbron fyller 20 år! Vad har hänt under dessa år? Och vart är vi på väg? Danska och svenska forskare, analytiker och journalister ger i denna antologi en aktuell bild av brons betydelse och utvecklingen i regionen. Gräns- och id-kontroller, pendling och ett förändrat politiskt samarbete har präglat bilden under de senaste åren, men vad betyder detta i ett större sammanhang och hur kan det tolkas? Coronapandemin som fått stor påverkan på Öresundsregionen utbröt under slutarbetet med denna bok våren 2020 och kommenteras kort. Dessutom möter vi den danska tonåringen som går på skategymnasium i Malmö, forskaren som gått från att demonstrera mot bron till att hylla regionen, författaren som utforskat sin transidentitet i Köpenhamn och en rad andra personer som lever och verkar omkring Öresund. I sex essäer utvecklar forskarna sin syn på hur Öresundsbron utgör en gräns mellan två länder och inte bara en fast förbindelse samt hur den nya benämningen Greater Copenhagen anknyter till bron och berättelsen om Öresundsregionen. De undersöker hur bron skapar nya mönster för tillgänglighet, urbanisering och geografisk olikhet och hur en till synes vanlig tv-serie lyckades förnya och fördjupa brons symbolkraft. Vidare får vi ta del av hur bron är en projektionsyta för olika slags engagemang och identiteter som kan vara både lokala och kosmopolitiska. I den avslutande essän ställs den kritiska frågan huruvida Öresundsbron som vi känner den i dag är ett tecken på en ny tid och modernitet med förankring i den djupa nationalstaten. En inledning och en epilog ramar in de sex forskaressäerna, samt ett rikt urval av röster och reflektioner om bron och regionen. Längre intervjuer med människor som rör sig i den dansk-svenska gränsregionen varvas med kommentarer från makthavare och allmänhet. Tillsammans bidrar de olika inslagen till en komplex bild av Öresundsbrons betydelse

The European Commission expects the use of biomass for energy in the EU to increase significantly between 2010 and 2020 to meet a legally binding target to cover at least 20% of EU's total energy use from renewable sources in 2020. According to estimates made by the member states of the EU, the direct supply of biomass from forests is expected to increase by 45% on a volume basis between 2006 and 2020 in response to increasing demand (Beurskens LWM, Hekkenberg M, Vethman P. Renewable energy projections as published in the national renewable energy action plans of the European Member states. ECN and EEA; 2011. http://https://www.ecn.nl/docs/library/report/2010/e10069.pdf [accessed 25.04.2014]; Dees M, Yousef A, Ermert J. Analysis of the quantitative tables of the national renewable energy action plans prepared by the 27 European Union Member States in 2010. BEE working paper D7.2. Biomass Energy Europe project. FELIS Department of Remote Sensing and landscape information Systems, University of Freiburg, Germany; 2011). Our aims were to test the hypotheses that European private forest owners' attitudes towards supplying woody biomass for energy (1) can be explained by their responses to changes in prices and markets and (2) are positive so that the forest biomass share of the EU 2020 renewable energy target can be met. Based on survey data collected in 2010 from 800 private forest owners in Sweden, Germany and Portugal our results show that the respondents' attitudes towards supplying woody biomass for energy cannot be explained as direct responses to changes in prices and markets. Our results, furthermore, imply that European private forest owners cannot be expected to supply the requested amounts of woody biomass for energy to meet the forest biomass share of the EU 2020 renewable energy target, at least if stemwood is to play the important role as studies by Verkerk PJ, Anttila P, Eggers J, Lindner M, Asikainen A. The realisable potential supply of woody biomass from forests in the European Union. For Ecol Manag 2011;261: 2007-2015, UNECE and FAO. The European forest sector outlook study,II 2010-2030. United Nations, New York and Geneva; 2011 [abbreviated to EFSOS II] and Elbersen B, Staritsky I, Hengeveld G, Schelhaas MJ, Naeff H, Bottcher H. Atlas of EU biomass potentials; 2012. Available from: http://www.biomassfutures.eu [accessed 14.10.2013] suggest. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

In the past eighty years, the Swedish university and higher education sector has undergone major changes. The conditions for conducting higher education and research have fundamentally changed. Universities and colleges have evolved from narrow elite institutions to educating large sections of the population and have increasingly attracted the interest of politics. They are located throughout the country and have gradually been assigned greater and greater resources and responsibilities. The majority of publicly funded research is currently conducted at the country's universities. At the same time, the sector's development has been characterized by considerable continuity. It is impossible to understand the structure of today's Swedish higher education landscape without taking into account the background and historical development of the universities and colleges. This report deals with developments in the period 1940–2020. The starting point is the state's reforms in higher education and research. It is both about broad, overarching reforms that affected large parts of the activities at universities and colleges in one context and about the continuous adaptation of regulations and systems. The purpose is to draw an overview of the development of the modern Swedish university. The report is primarily aimed at people working at universities and authorities, but also at politicians and people from the interested public who want to know more about the background to today's university and college system and why it looks the way it does. The report has been prepared by the University Chancellor's Office, as part of the mission to follow developments in Swedish higher education and research. The University Chancellor's Office also annually publishes up-to-date statistics on the Swedish university and a large number of reports on various themes.