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At a time of tremendous flux throughout Europe, this book provides solid analyses of the events and trends that are rapidly reshaping the region. Originally published as an edition of Dcedalus, this updated volume brings together leading scholars to examine such issues as the major paradigmatic shifts occurring in Eastern Europe, the long-te

A Europe of States versus a Federal Europe, by Robert Toulemon
The Convention on the future of the European Union will try to establish a broad coalition of support for its proposals to have the best chance of them being accepted by the 2004 intergovernmental conférence. Rather than coming up with a compromise that would maintain the present division of the EU between the community pillars and the intergovernmental pillars, it would be desirable if the members of the convention were to synthesise the two approaches, which should complement, not compete with, each other. It is necessary to balance the attachment of each state to its sovereignty, a désire to be directly linked to the definition and putting in place of the EU's policies, on the one hand, with the need to abolish the veto in an enlarged Europe, to bring Europe closer to its citizens, and to assure internal and external openness, on the other. By progressively enlarging the areas of competence or the EU through a well-adapted and flexible process, especially taking into account the diversity of expectations and the capabilities of present and future members, it might be possible to corne up with a satisfactory proposal.

Intro -- Contents -- Preface -- Chapter 1 -- Renewable Energy Community across Europe: Is Public Policy Helping or Not? -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Analysis of Relevant EU Legislation -- Last Decade -- Post-2020 -- Acknowledging Community Energy -- Final Legislation -- Conclusion -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Biographical Sketches -- Chapter 2 -- A Review of the Cryptic Diversity of the Viviparous Lizard, Zootoca vivipara (Lichtenstein, 1823) (Squamata: Lacertidae) in Central Europe and Its Postglacial Re-Colonization Out of the Carpathian Basin: Chromosomal and Molecular Data -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Karyotype Characteristics -- Diversity in Central Europe -- Re-Colonization -- Conclusion -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 3 -- European Countries and EU Politics: Does It Matter Who Governs? The Impact of Political Decisions in Europe -- Abstract -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Theoretical Framework -- 3. Methodological Framework -- 3.1. General Research Methodology -- 3.2. Data Collection and Analyses -- 3.3. Selection of Research Topic -- 3.4. Selection of Research Countries -- 3.5. Positioning of Party Political Preferences -- 4. The Evolution of Irregular Migrants' Access to Housing -- 4.1. The Evolution of Irregular Migrants' Access to Housing in Germany -- 4.2. The Evolution of Irregular Migrants' Access to Housing in the UK -- 4.3. The Evolution of Irregular Migrants' Access to Housing in the Netherlands -- 5. The Evolution of Facilitating Irregular Migrants' Access to Housing -- 5.1. The Evolution of Facilitating Irregular Migrants' Access to Housing in Germany -- 5.2. The Evolution of Facilitating Irregular Migrants' Access to Housing in the UK -- 5.3. The Evolution of Facilitating Irregular Migrants' Access to Housing in the Netherlands -- Conclusion -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Biographical Sketch.