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The circumstances and contexts that set Qatar on a road of prosperity are gaining momentum every new day. From a small British colony country as late as 1970, Qatar has undergone evolution beginning with settling on its current name after numerous suggestions for the Arab state. Thus, the study interest was to answer two research questions; what is the basis of the success stories of Qatar and lessons for other third world countries? And Is Qatar headed to another level of categorization to leverage into the status of first world countries? The study is mainly guided by structural functionalism theory. The study entailed a systematic literature review approach through which various current literature were analyzed. The progress is largely attributed to the effective strategies entailing financial investment, cultural branding, and policy re-engineering. The political stature and efficient constitution controlled by effective leadership are contributions to milestones observed in the country.

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a contagious disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus. The virus that causes COVID-19 spreads mainly when an infected person is in close contact with another person. The aim of this study is to determine the effect of COVID-19 on different countries, using USA as comparism factor. Ninety four countries were selected based on their continents, countries and cases of infection. Data from each country were obtained from United Nations Geoscheme and WHO and were analyzed and compared to that of the United State of America (USA).Data analyzed revealed that most countries in Africa appears to be least affected by the virus. Data also revealed that many countries have been able to understand and manage the spread and infectivity of the virus compared to the USA. Result from the study also showed that the many countries have been able to improve on managing the infection when compared to USA mortality. This may be due to among other factors a more robust immune response, herd immunity and united approach in the management of the disease. The result also helps to provide insight as to how significant developing and providing vaccine may be to this part of the world. Result from the study suggests that while Africa has a better immunity for the virus, there seems to be improvement the management of disease by other continent.

EU enlargement and South East Asia, Vietnam's opportunities for cooperation, international political implications. Developments in new EU member states and their relations with Vietnam (Poland, Slovakia, Czech Rep., Hungary)

Accounting for nearly 80% of the global population and occupying three quarters of the world' area, the developing countries are affirming their roles in the global progress. However, the independence and sovereignty of these countries are often faced with many challenges stemming from upheavals in the international security environment, globalization, violence policies of big countries and power competition among them. In this context, in order to preserve their independence and sovereignty, the developing countries need to build democratic and progressive states, improve their real national strengths, struggle against the "peaceful evolution" of the powerful nations. This paper analyzes factors which influence the independence and sovereignty as well as the current process of struggling and defending the independence and sovereignty of the developing countries ; Chiếm khoảng 80% dân số và ¾ diện tích toàn cầu, các nước đang phát triển đang khẳng định vai trò, vị thế của mình trong đời sống quốc tế. Tuy nhiên, độc lập, chủ quyền của các nước đang phát triển luôn đứng trước nhiều thách thức đến từ những biến động của môi trường an ninh quốc tế; chính sách cường quyền của các nước lớn; quá trình toàn cầu hóa; sự cạnh tranh quyền lực của các nước lớn. Trong bối cảnh đó, để giữ được độc lập, chủ quyền, các nước đang phát triển cần xây dựng một nhà nước dân chủ, tiến bộ; tăng cường thực lực quốc gia; đấu tranh chống "diễn biến hòa bình" của các nước lớn. Bài viết phân tích những nhân tố tác động đến độc lập, chủ quyền và quá trình đấu tranh bảo vệ độc lập, chủ quyền của các nước đang phát triển hiện nay.

cover -- संक्षिप्त अनुक्रमणिका -- विस्तृत अनुक्रमणिका -- आकृत्यांची सूची -- तक्त्यांची सूची -- प्रस्तावना -- पुस्तकाविषयी -- लेखक परिचय -- ऋणनिर्देश -- विभाग १ पसरलेले पंख -- प्रकरण १ १९५० नंतरच्या सर्वसमावेशक वृद्धीच्या विकास धोरणांची स्पर्धात्मक सापेक्षता: पूर्वावलोकन -- प्रकरण २ विकास प्रक्रियेचा अनुभव -- विभाग 2 वैकासिक क्रांतीची चिकित्सा -- प्रकरण 3 वैकासिक क्रांतीचे पुनःपरीक्षणः किती वास्तव? -- प्रकरण ४ वैकासिक क्रांतीच्या प्रेरणा -- प्रकरण ५ वैकासिक क्रांती: खुली होती का बंदिस्त? -- प्रकरण ६ वैकासिक क्रांती आणि सर्वसमावेशक वाढीचा ध्यास -- विभाग ३ उदारमतवाद एक दुःस्वप्न -- प्रकरण ७ उदारमतवादाचा उद्रेक -- प्रकरण ८ उदारमतवादाचा चढता आलेख -- प्रकरण ९ नैतिक अधिकारांचे उदारमतवादी तत्त्वज्ञान आणि त्यांची आर्थिक विषयपत्रिका -- प्रकरण १० उदारमतवादाने सर्वसमावेशक वृद्धीकडे केलेले दुर्लक्ष -- विभाग ४ उदारमतवादाची एक लाट सामावून घेणे -- प्रकरण ११ उदारमतवादासमोरील सैद्धान्तिक आव्हाने -- प्रकरण १२ खाजगीकरणाची काळी बाजू -- प्रकरण १३ संरचनात्मक समायोजन उपक्रम आणि सर्वसमावेशक नसणारा विकास -- प्रकरण १४ उदारमतवादाचा नीतीनिरपेक्ष पाया -- विभाग ५ मानव संसाधन उपक्रम -- प्रकरण १५ मानव विकास उपक्रम -- प्रकरण १६ सर्वप्रथम मनुष्यबळ विकास व्यूहरचना -- प्रकरण १७ सर्वप्रथम मनुष्यबळ विकास आणि विकासकेंद्रित व्यूहरचना यापैकी एकाची निवड -- प्रकरण १८ वृद्धीसंबंधित समस्या आणि मानवी विकास उपक्रम -- प्रकरण १९ मानव विकास उपक्रम आणि सर्वसमावेशक विकासाचा ध्यास -- विभाग ६ सर्वसमावेशक विकास -- प्रकरण २० सर्वसमावेशक विकास व्यूहनीती -- प्रकरण २१ सर्वसमावेशक विकास व्यूहनीतीची मूलतत्त्वे -- प्रकरण २२ सर्वसमावेशक विकासाचा शोध -- प्रकरण २३ वृद्धी, समानता आणि दारिद्र्य यांमधील मूलभूत संबंध -- प्रकरण २४ सर्वसमावेशक विकासाचे सुलभीकरण -- प्रकरण २५ सर्वसमावेशक विकास व्यूहनीतीची नैतिक प्रेरणा -- प्रकरण २६ प्रखर वास्तव उजेडात आणणे -- संदर्भग्रंथ सूची.

This article explores the significant role that the state is still expected to play in initiating and implementing the energy transition. In this regard, it is laid out in three parts. Part I focuses on the premise of the role that derives from constitutional law. This role is considered classic, because it is based on different functions of the state, and the legitimate constrain that distinguishes it from other social actors, including non-state actors. Tremendous materials are offered by the analysis either from the perspective of sociology or law studies when it comes to the specific situation of French-speaking African states. The scope of analysis is broadened with the energy law approach. With a focus on African English-speaking countries, the article examines both the way the state is enforcing statutes aiming to design its own transition scheme and exercising its discretionary power through its energy policy. Beyond the functions of the state—deriving from its sovereign power—these elements set out the direction in quest of a specific role the state can play in the energy transition as a process in Part II. As such, the energy transition, if it is to lead to coherent social change, requires strong and dynamic leadership, including clear, nuanced, and forward-looking direction on the broad sections of the overall process, and the environmental justice issues that necessarily cluster around them. For this reason, the role of the state is construed as both a steering role, and an integrative role for environmental, economic and social issues. Part III provides a rationale for the necessary and strong support of international cooperation—to the state—in order to achieve the paradigm shift smoothly. In Part IV, I emphasize the African Union's transition initiatives in the run-up to COP 25, which I hold out as an inducement for states' efforts. In fact, this article seeks to address these issues. Taken together, they could help build a coherent pattern of the role that African states play in the energy ...

This article deals with the determinants of Pakistan relations with Afghanistan with reference to past present and future. There are numerous writings on the topic under consideration mainly in terrorism perspective but this study deals with the socio-cultural, political, economic and diplomatic relations between Pakistan and Afghanistan. Unique relationship of two Muslim and neighboring countries as peace and security of both countries is inter-linked. Although Pakistan and Afghanistan are facing many challenges but both of them are doing their best to handle the issues of terrorism, Pakhtunstan and Durand line. Present study will fill this gap. Since independence Pakistan has endeavored to maintain good relations with Afghanistan in pursuance of its policy to have good relations with Muslim Countries. By focusing on the need to improve socio-economic and cultural ties of both countries is very important for the peaceful co- existence of both the countries which will ensure peace and prosperity in the region. Pakistan, has its plus points and can be useful for the development of the Afghanistan while Afghanistan has colossal untapped mineral and labour assets which can help Pakistan to build its economy. Also, Afghans might have the ability to get coordinate access to Pakistan's ports of Arabian Sea, while Pakistanis can get steer access to Central Asian markets.

Oil and gas as the non-renewable resources are considered very valuable for the countries with petroleum economics. These resources are not only diffused equally around the world, but also they are common in some places which their neighbors often come into conflicts. Consequently, it is vital for those countries to manage their resource utilization. Lately, game theory was applied in conflict resolution of common resources, such as water, which is a proof of its efficacy and capability. This paper models the conflicts between Iran and its neighbors namely Qatar and Iraq between their oil and gas common resources using game theory approach. In other words, the future of these countries will be introduced and analyzed by some well-known 2 × 2 games to achieve a better perspective of their conflicts. Because of information inadequacy of the players, in addition to Nash Stability, various solution concepts are used based on the foresight, disimprovements, and knowledge of preferences. The results of mathematical models show how the countries could take a reasonable strategy to exploit their common resources. ; This paper models the conflicts between Iran and its neighbors namely Qatar and Iraq between their oil and gas common resources using game theory approach. In other words, the future of these countries will be introduced and analyzed by some well-known 2 9 2 games to achieve a better perspective of their conflicts. Because of information inadequacy of the players, in addition to Nash Stability, various solution concepts are used based on the foresight, disimprovements, and knowledge of preferences. The results of mathematical models show how the countries could take a reasonable strategy to exploit their common resources.