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Law and Justice party was a "Euro-Atlantic" political party in the whole period of its political existence. Three major characteristic features of political thought in the foreign affairs of Law and Justice party were: 1) an Atlantic course; 2) a concept of realism in the European Union; and 3) postulated subjectivity in the Central Europe and towards the Eastern Europe. Law and Justice party created its own concept of the role of North Atlantic Treaty Organisation in the security policy of the Republic of Poland. Law and Justice waited until the occurrence of good conditions to bring the wrought concept into reality. It was more than sure that such conditions will occur in the future. There was no doubt that Russia was danger for the Western hemisphere. Such an evaluation was strengthened in the years 2008-2010 as the consequence of the Russian aggression on Georgia and Smolensk catastrophe. Law and Justice waited to: 1) win the parliamentary elections; 2) the end of the policy of reset in Russian-American relations. The theoretical and ideological premises and the type of political competition in Poland justified a negative evaluation by Law and Justice party of the foreign policy of Poland towards NATO in the period of the left–wing – agrarian government coalition and the government coalition of liberal – agrarian parties. Law and Justice party remained critical of the foreign policy of Poland led by Civic Platform in the scope of its theoretical, conceptual and decisive senses.

Law and Justice party was a "Euro-Atlantic" political party in the whole period of its political existence. Three major characteristic features of political thought in the foreign affairs of Law and Justice party were: 1) an Atlantic course; 2) a concept of realism in the European Union; and 3) postulated subjectivity in the Central Europe and towards the Eastern Europe. Law and Justice party created its own concept of the role of North Atlantic Treaty Organisation in the security policy of the Republic of Poland. Law and Justice waited until the occurrence of good conditions to bring the wrought concept into reality. It was more than sure that such conditions will occur in the future. There was no doubt that Russia was danger for the Western hemisphere. Such an evaluation was strengthened in the years 2008–2010 as the consequence of the Russian aggression on Georgia and Smolensk catastrophe. Law and Justice waited to: (1) win the parliamentary elections; (2) the end of the policy of reset in Russian – American relations. The theoretical and ideological premises and the type of political competition in Poland justified a negative evaluation by Law and Justice party of the foreign policy of Poland towards NATO in the period of the left–wing – agrarian government coalition and the government coalition of liberal – agrarian parties. Law and Justice party remained critical of the foreign policy of Poland led by Civic Platform in the scope of its theoretical, conceptual and decisive senses.

Celem artykułu jest ocena aktywności jednostek samorządu terytorialnego w powiecie poznańskim w zakresie pozyskiwania funduszy unijnych w latach 2004–2008. Podjęto próbę określenia roli środków, które można było pozyskać w ramach Zintegrowanego Programu Operacyjnego Rozwoju Regionalnego (ZPORR) w realizacji zadań podejmowanych przez gminy. Dokonana została analiza struktury projektów oraz próba oceny aktywności, skuteczności i efektywności władz gmin powiatu poznańskiego w pozyskiwaniu wsparcia finansowego w ramach ZPORR, który był najważniejszym instrumentem polityki regionalnej w pierwszych latach członkostwa Polski w Unii Europejskiej. W analizie zwrócono również uwagę na fakt, że okres funkcjonowania tego programu był dla władz samorządowych ważnym etapem nabierania doświadczeń w zakresie aplikowania o środki unijne. ; The aim of the article is assessment of Poznan poviat local governments' activity in obtaining the EU funding over the years 2004–2008. An attempt has been made to diagnose the role of the resources attainable within the Integrated Operational Programme of Regional Development in executing assignments undertaken by gminas. Analysis of the projects' structure and an attempt of assessment of the activity, efficiency and effectiveness of the gminas' authorities in Poznan poviat in obtaining financial aid within the IOPRD been made. IOPRD has been the most important device of regional policy in the first years of Poland's membership in the European Union. What is more, the period of IOPRD's functioning for local authorities has been a time of learning applying for the EU funding.

Red. nauk. Wydziału Organizacji i Zarządzania: Lewandowski, Jerzy. ; This study has been devoted to the agency system of the European Union and its place and role in the decisional and management process of this integration grouping. The content of this monograph has been divided into six chapters – five of them describe the EU agencies; chapter I has an introductive character and presents the description of the EU institutional system. In the following chapters (i.e. II, III, IV, V and VI) one can find a detailed description of a genesis, organizational structure, goals and functions of the Community agencies, foreign policy and security agencies, agencies for domestic affairs and judicature and executive agencies. To illustrate goals and functions, the decisional and management activities of the EU agencies have been presented as a decentralized structures supporting EU institutional system, member states and their citizens. The deepening of the integration process has caused, that the agencies have become an indispensible element of the whole institutional system. The agencies have been entrusted with numerous and various tasks depending on the agency`s type. In this way they secure a sophisticated knowledge, beginning from the quality of our professional life and environment, through basic rights, services for the society and the industry, finishing on security, justice and application of the structural aid. All these issues are present in this monograph.

Celem niniejszego tekstu jest spojrzenie na procesy europeizacyjne z aktualnej perspektywy uwzględniającej bardzo istotny kontekst kryzysu w strefie euro. Badania nad europeizacją wydają się sięgać do swoich korzeni – a więc po ponad dekadzie fascynacji transformacyjnym wpływem Unii Europejskiej i Jednolitego Rynku na państwa kandydujące, studia nad europeizacją wracają do analizy wewnętrznych polityk państw członkowskich i pytań o "siłę rażenia" Brukseli w ich realizacji. W końcowej części analizy autor odnosi problematykę europeizacji do kontrowersyjnej debaty nad legitymacją władzy w systemie Unii Europejskiej. Debata ta jest szczególnie istotna w czasach kryzysu, kiedy decyzje w zakresie polityki społeczno-gospodarczej podejmowane są poza konwencjonalnymi metodami znanymi z demokracji przedstawicielskiej na poziomie państwa narodowego, i jednocześnie są to decyzje silnie wpływające na życie obywateli wspólnoty.The objective of the paper is to look at the Europeanisation processes from the perspective of the euro-zone crisis. It seems that after a decade of fascination of transformative impact outside of the European union, the Europeanisation studies agenda comes back to its roots, meaning the domestic changes influenced by the supranational preasures. The crisis context is also delivered in the prism of the controversial debate on the legitimacy of the EU authorities and democratic deficit in general. This debate is crucially important in contemporary Europe since the key economic decissions are taken beyond the standard democratic procedures and at the same time they are highly contested by the public/demos.

Please visit: http://krzysztoffirlej.pl/; W niniejszym artykule zaprezentowano system doradztwa rolniczego (FAS – Farm Advisory System) w Polsce, jego finansowanie oraz wykorzystanie przez rolników i posiadaczy lasów w ramach działania 114 PROW. Poszczególne części opracowania opisują istotę i znaczenie usług doradczych, powiązanie systemu doradztwa rolniczego z zasadami wzajemnej zgodności, analizę efektywności narzędzia 114 PROW oraz charakterystykę działań wybranej instytucji akredytowanej do świadczenia usług doradczych w ramach FAS. Na podstawie zebranych danych można wysunąć wniosek, że FAS jest ważnym instrumentem WPR wspierającym rolników w spełnianiu wymogów wzajemnej zgodności oraz kreowaniu nowoczesnego i konkurencyjnego rolnictwa, jednak wymaga zmian organizacyjno – prawnych, które pozwolą lepiej wykorzystać środki publiczne przeznaczone na finansowanie usług doradczych. ; Summary: The article presents farm advisory system (FAS) in Poland established to support farmers seeking to meet the European Union cross-compliance requirements. Particular sections of the study describe the essence and importance of advisory services, the link between the farm advisory system and cross-compliance rules, financing of advisory services within 114 Rural Development Programmes 2007–2013 and the evaluation of effectiveness of this tool. The analysis of the collected data shows that FAS is an important instrument of the common agricultural policy which supports farmers in meeting cross-compliance requirements and creating modern and competitive agriculture, however, it requires organizational and legal changes which will allow better use of public funds intended to finance advisory services. ; Krzysztof Firlej

Celem artykułu jest pokazanie, jaką rolę w kształceniu w szkołach wyższych odgrywają programy współpracy międzynarodowej. Opis programów oraz ich zakresu działań ma zobrazować, jakie jest ich znaczenie dla edukacji. Szeroki wachlarz zadań oparty jest przede wszystkim na transferze studentów oraz pracowników w całej Unii Europejskiej i poza nią. Przynosi to korzyści na wielu płaszczyznach, przede wszystkim umożliwia zdobywanie i przekazywanie doświadczeń naukowych. Ponadto sprzyja wspólnemu opracowywaniu programów naukowych, ujednolicaniu systemu zaliczania przedmiotów, wzajemnemu uznawaniu dyplomów i punktów zaliczających okres studiów odbytych za granicą. Programy współpracy międzynarodowej zapewniają spójne i ambitne postawy ponadnarodowego wspierania działań na rzecz nauki. ; The article is aimed at showing what is role of the programs of international cooperation in educating at Universities. The description of programs and their range of activities is supposed to depict what their meanings is for the education. A wide range of tasks is leaned above all against the transfer of students and employees in the entire European Union, but also outside it. It is benefitting on many plains, above all this enables to get and to broadcast scientific experience. Moreover it is supporting shared drawing up scientific programs, for standardizing ranking objects, for mutual recognition of diplomas and of points ranking the study period undergone abroad. Programs of the international cooperation guarantee consistent and ambitious attitudes of the supranational support for measures for the learning.