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Title Page -- Contents -- List of Abbreviations -- Chapter 1: Introduction -- Issues and events as viewed through Māori eyes -- Approach based on He Whakaputanga and Te Tiriti -- The underlying problem of racism in New Zealand -- Reoccurring issues and themes -- The Waitangi Tribunal -- The fiscal envelope - side-stepping the Tribunal to extinguish Treaty claims -- The fisheries allocation debacle -- Racism and Pākehā media -- International criticism of government treatment of Māori -- Loss of key leaders -- Bright spots -- Added references -- Acknowledgements -- Chapter 2: 1994-95 - The Year of the Fiscal Envelope -- Sealord deal controversy - settling fisheries claims by removing rights -- Māori electoral option - government reluctance to ensure Māori participation -- The fiscal envelope debacle - unilaterally determined government policy on extinguishing Māori Treaty of Waitangi claims and rights -- Māori reaction to the fiscal envelope - initial silence at the magnitude of the insult followed by firm, repeated and unanimous rejection -- Waikato-Tainui Settlement - Crown-determined and a dangerous precedent -- Attempts to repeat Waikato-Tainui in Te Hiku o te Ika create uproar -- A bright spot - Whale Watch Kaikoura wins international acclaim -- Chapter 3: 1995-96 -- The Taranaki Report - laying bare 155 years of Crown atrocities -- The Hīrangi hui - strategising for constitutional change through decolonisation and scrutinising Māori leadership qualities -- Challenges to Crown-appointed Māori leaders -- Nelson Mandela visits and criticises the government's racist attitude -- Arson at Takahue -- … And at Taumaranui -- Minister of Conservation steps in on Whanganui problems -- Ngāi Tahu claims settlement negotiations recommence in the face of damaging litigation -- Negotiations abandoned in Te Hiku o te Ika -- Chapter 4: 1996-97

For Afghanistan, the dual prospect of declining donor support and high ongoing security spending over the medium term keeps its government budget tight. This paper uses a general equilibrium model to capture the security–development trade-off facing the government in its effort to rehabilitate growth and fiscal sustainability. In particular, it considers strategic policy options for counteracting and minimizing the negative macroeconomic impact of possible aid and revenue shortfalls. We find that the mobilization of domestic revenues through changes in tax policy is the preferred policy response for the Afghan central government. Such a response helps to place its finances on a sustainable path in the near term and preserve most of the growth potential. Cutting expenditures balances public finances but causes the economy to permanently shrink. Debt financing helps to preserve much of the economy size but can quickly put the sustainability of public finances at risk.

For Afghanistan, the dual prospect of declining donor support and high ongoing security spending over the medium term keeps its government budget tight. This paper uses a general equilibrium model to capture the security–development trade-off facing the government in its effort to rehabilitate growth and fiscal sustainability. In particular, it considers strategic policy options for counteracting and minimizing the negative macroeconomic impact of possible aid and revenue shortfalls. We find that the mobilization of domestic revenues through changes in tax policy is the preferred policy response for the Afghan central government. Such a response helps to place its finances on a sustainable path in the near term and preserve most of the growth potential. Cutting expenditures balances public finances but causes the economy to permanently shrink. Debt financing helps to preserve much of the economy size but can quickly put the sustainability of public finances at risk.

Front Cover -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- About the Author -- Abbreviations -- Chapter 1 Introduction -- Background -- Objectives of the Guidance Note -- Chapter 2 Objectives of Health Financing Policy Dialogue -- Objectives -- The Starting Point -- Unpacking the Health Financing Challenges -- Chapter 3 Macroeconomic and Fiscal Context: The Potential Government Resource Envelope for Health -- Key Questions -- Macroeconomic and Fiscal Constraints -- Key Questions and Resources to Understand the Macroeconomic and Fiscal Context -- Government Budget and Spending Priorities

We investigate the factors driving Bolivia's success in reducing inequality and poverty during the last 15 years. Our evidence suggests that the reduction was driven mainly by labor income growth at the bottom end of the income distribution. Increases in non-labor income (rents, transfers, remittances) also played a role, but a smaller one, although the introduction of Renta Dignidad has made a big difference for the elderly poor. Labor income increases were concentrated in the informal, low-skilled service and manufacturing sectors. As the gains from the commodity boom go into reverse, and the fiscal envelope becomes much tighter, it will be essential that labor and social policies are well designed and targeted to preserve the poverty and inequality reduction of the last 15 years.

Public investment to facilitate growth and poverty reduction is paramount to Sudan's development challenge. The acute need for rebuilding the country's deteriorated infrastructure and service delivery framework underscores the importance of more active and effective public investment. The disproportional composition of the spending adjustment raises particular concern on pro-poor and public investment spending during the subsequent fiscal adjustment period expected to follow. Under the growing fiscal decentralization trend, the state governments have taken up the primary responsibility to provide basic public service deliveries to the poor; in such a decentralized constellation, reduced support from the federal budget could seriously jeopardize the provision of basic services at the state and locality level. In particular, public investment expenditure now has to effectively address service delivery needs and the broader development agenda, while at the same time the overall resource envelope is declining. This note is the result of a rapid assessment of Sudan's public investment portfolio in the context of the anticipated fiscal adjustment. It is not a full-fledged review on public investment projects or the public investment management system. The main scope of the assessment is: to quickly identify available information on public investment projects from existing sources; to provide an contextual overview of the overall public investment portfolio in light of the imminent needs for rationalizing the public investment portfolio; and to outline conceptual guidelines for public investment adjustments and to propose longer-term tasks to improve public investment management.

Abstract
The EU's Recovery and Resilience Facility (RRF) represents a bold integrationist step in European economic governance. Besides the size of the fiscal envelope, the novelty also lies in the new governance. Member states prepare integrated investment and reform plans and need to fulfil milestones and targets to access funding. This article assesses the balance of power in negotiating the plans and the effect on domestic policymaking. Based on five case studies, we show that the RRF has enhanced the steering capacity of the European Commission on reforms and investments, while member states remain ultimately in charge of the plans. Second, we argue that, while the RRF enhances the efficiency of the policymaking process and allows the fast-forwarding of reforms, it has also led to a contractualization of the relationship with the EU and a centralization of decision-making processes within member states. This latter aspect may hamper ownership and legitimacy in policy implementation.

This article provides a set of measures that are recommended to the leadership of the European Union to enhance budgetary balance and control within a highly decentralized system, one that requires the coordination of budgetary policy in more than a dozen nations. These measures are intended to be relevant to European budgetary coordination efforts but also appear to apply to U.S. federal initiatives to reduce the annual budget deficit and total debt. The individual measures recommended include holding increases in expenditures at or below the rate of GDP growth, establishing envelopes for major accounts, placing all entitlement on a pay‐as‐you‐go basis, means testing of entitlements and elimination of automatic entitlement indexing, considering the option of marginal reductions in some entitlement programs, and voting on budgets as single, omnibus packages. The proposal to establish executive line‐item budget authority also is evaluated‐and rejected.

Through data envelope analysis, this article finds that the innovation efficiency of China's three regions is shrinking. From the perspective of Chinese fiscal federalism, we try to study the influence of two forms of local government competition (vertical competition and horizontal competition) on regional innovation efficiency. We find that both fiscal decentralization and competition among local governments effectively promote regional innovation efficiency, while there is no effective interaction mechanism between them. The attitude of local governments toward scientific and technological (S&T) activities also directly affects the efficiency of regional innovation. From the top of policy design, in order to establish a national innovation system and improve innovation efficiency, appropriate fiscal autonomy should be granted to local governments. Suggestions include that local governments should strengthen S&T activities and cooperate with each other, which is an important S&T policy guidance for central government in the future.

Considers legislation to discontinue Federal agencies' inventory reports to PO Dept on volume of postage-free Government business mail bearing indicia "Penalty for private use to avoid payment of postage $300." ; Dante B. Fascell, subcommittee chairman. ; Considers legislation to discontinue Federal agencies' inventory reports to PO Dept on volume of postage-free Government business mail bearing indicia "Penalty for private use to avoid payment of postage $300." ; Mode of access: Internet.

Mozambique has enjoyed strong economic growth but poverty levels are still unacceptably high. Mozambique is now in a transition period with an opportunity to plan for how resource revenues can contribute to poverty reduction and inclusive growth. Any policy to scale-up a cash transfer program will operate with a limited budget, meaning that decisions will need to be made on the optimal design choice in Mozambique. The objective of this policy note is to generate debate on implementing a scaled-up cash transfer in Mozambique's future resource-rich environment, as part of a broader strategy to reduce poverty. The scope of this note is focused on distributing resource revenues through a scaled-up cash transfer program, and not the broader management of resource revenues. Section one discusses growth and poverty dynamics. Section two presents the existing social protection system. Section three discusses policy options for implementing a scaled-up cash transfer program using a simulation exercise to estimate poverty and welfare effects for a given fiscal envelope. Section four discusses how to address the risks of financing a scaled-up cash transfer program from resource revenues. Section five focuses on the practicalities of how the social protection system should be strengthened to implement scaled-up cash transfer program and the final section concludes.