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"Venezuela: 4th & 5th republics" (Neira Fernández, Enrique) ; Presentation ; I. Conceptual frame ; Challenges and modernization ; Reforms of the state ; Governance ; Genuineness ; Decentralization ; Democracy ; Leadership ; Militarism ; Democratic caesarism ; Populism ; Violence ; Revolution ; Socialism ; II. The fourth republic (Before Chávez) ; A look back ; The economic thing ; The social thing ; The political thing ; The ethical thing ; III. The fith republic (In the times of Chávez) ; Introduction ; The strong man ; The process. Political ideology ; The process. Characteristics ; The beautiful revolution ; Gusty future ; Conclusion. The quadrature of the circle ; neira@intercable.net.ve ; Nivel analítico

"Venezuela: 4th & 5th republics" (Neira Fernández, Enrique) ; Presentation ; I. Conceptual frame ; Challenges and modernization ; Reforms of the state ; Governance ; Genuineness ; Decentralization ; Democracy ; Leadership ; Militarism ; Democratic caesarism ; Populism ; Violence ; Revolution ; Socialism ; II. The fourth republic (Before Chávez) ; A look back ; The economic thing ; The social thing ; The political thing ; The ethical thing ; III. The fith republic (In the times of Chávez) ; Introduction ; The strong man ; The process. Political ideology ; The process. Characteristics ; The beautiful revolution ; Gusty future ; Conclusion. The quadrature of the circle ; neira@intercable.net.ve ; Nivel analítico

With: Patent and trade-mark laws of the Spanish-American republics, Brazil, and the Republic of Haiti. Washington : G.P.O., 1904. ; At head of title: Oficina Internacional de las Repúblicas Americanas, Wáshington, D.C. ; "Revisado hasta Agosto de 1904." ; Mode of access: Internet.

These article contain a análisys of the Rubén Darío's book: Prosa Política (Las repúblicas americanas), compilated for the complete words (1920). The book ist a compilation of journalist view of de Latin Américan Repúblics, published for Dario in the Mundial Magazine. The poet characterize the political, economic and cultural progress of the New Continent´s Nations ; Este artículo contiene un análisis del libro Prosa política (Las repúblicas Americanas) de Rubén Darío, reunido para las obras completas (1920). El volumen es una compilación de semblanzas periodísticas de cada una de las Repúblicas Americanas, publicadas por Darío en el Mundial Magazine, con las que el poeta caracteriza el progreso político, económico y cultural de las naciones del Nuevo Continente

In Repúblicas del Nuevo Mundo…, Hilda Sabato claims that republicanism in nineteenth-century Spanish America was characterized by its precocity and its political and social consistency, but also by its volatility. How can we account for both the historical persistence of that system and its instability at the same time? This essay takes up and discusses the ideological and institutional reasons alleged by the Argentine author and proposes to include other factors in the equation. ; Según muestra Hilda Sabato en su libro, el republicanismo en la Hispanoamérica decimonónica se caracterizó por su precocidad y por su consistencia política y social, mas también por su volatilidad. ¿Cómo explicar al mismo tiempo el arraigo histórico del sistema y su inestabilidad? Este ensayo retoma y discute las razones ideológicas e institucionales alegadas por la autora argentina y propone incluir otros factores en la ecuación.

Asia Central representa un objetivo primordial en la actual política exterior turca, al igual que para la diplomacia rusa, china, estadounidense y europea. Turquía ha fortalecido su acercamiento hacia las ex-repúblicas soviéticas firmando importantes acuerdos que pueden ayudar a la Política de Vecindad que desarrolla la Unión Europea en la región. Pero Turquía, tampoco se olvida de Rusia, actor fundamental de Asia Central, con quién ha estrechado relaciones desde la llegada del AKP al poder. ; Nowadays Central Asia is an essential aim in Turkish foreign policy, as well as for Russian, Chinese, American and European diplomacy. Turkey has strengthened its approach towards Former Soviet republics by reaching important agreements that can help Neighbourhood Policy that the European Union is carrying out in the area. But Turkey hasn't never forgotten about Russia which plays an essential role in Central Asia, with which its relationships has tightened after JOP carne to power.

"Venezuela: 4th & 5th republics" (Neira Fernández, Enrique) ; Presentation ; I. Conceptual frame ; Challenges and modernization ; Reforms of the state ; Governance ; Genuineness ; Decentralization ; Democracy ; Leadership ; Militarism ; Democratic caesarism ; Populism ; Violence ; Revolution ; Socialism ; II. The fourth republic (Before Chávez) ; A look back ; The economic thing ; The social thing ; The political thing ; The ethical thing ; III. The fith republic (In the times of Chávez) ; Introduction ; The strong man ; The process. Political ideology ; The process. Characteristics ; The beautiful revolution ; Gusty future ; Conclusion. The quadrature of the circle ; neira@intercable.net.ve ; Nivel analítico

It analyses the methodological foundations and essence of political journalism as a social institution, as well as the interaction of politics and journalism. Based on an interdisciplinary study, the article gives an account of the peculiarities of the realization of political journalism in the world and in Azerbaijan, stating that political journalism performs informative, communicative, ideological, cultural, enlightening, organizational and recreational functions. It concludes by highlighting the power of the media to carry out democracy, in political decision-making and debates through the power of information. In other words, the power of the media is the power of political journalism, the unity of the media with political and economic power. It also points to the place and role of social media political science. Political media science is considered a new phenomenon in former Soviet republics. It is characterized as a phenomenon that encompasses systematic political theory, the science of modern comparative media, media, and politics. It is also believed that the political science of the media is related to the mediation of politics and the political processes of l to information.

En este artículo se aborda el estudio de la evolución de la política exterior rusa desde la desintegración de la URSS hasta el advenimiento de Putin. Observando de este modocómo los cambios acaecidos durante estos años, así como las representaciones que los dirigentes tienen sobre su propia identidad como nación, han provocado que consideren fundamental conservar a toda costa su antigua zona de influencia. Posteriormente se analizadichas estrategias, a través de diferentes territorios. El artículo se centraen la prioridad que tiene para el Kremlin la defensa de las minorías, como medida de presión e influencia sobre las antiguas exrepúblicas soviéticas. De estas,las minorías rusas cobran una especial importancia, no sólo porque constituyen una prioridad en la política exterior rusa actual,sino también porque podrían desestabilizar todoel arco Báltico-Caucásico. Esta zona se está convirtiendo en una nueva área de fricción entre Rusiay las potencias occidentales, deseosas de reintegrar a los nuevos países en sus instituciones (OTAN,UE, etc.).Las consecuencias de la nueva política exterior rusa, mucho más agresiva que en décadas anteriores, no ha tardado en desembocar en conflictos armados. Su estudio permitirá identificar la relación de fuerzas existentes y prevenir los riesgos que corren ciertos países del este de Europa ; In this article we approach the study of the evolution of Russian foreign policy. Since the disintegration of the USSR until the advent of Putin. Observing the changes occurred during these years, as well as the representations that the leaders have about their own identity as a nation. And how this have cause them to consider it fundamental to preserve at all costs their former zone of influence. Later we analyze these strategies trough different territories. Wel focus on the priority that the Kremlin has for the defense of minorities, as a measure of pressure and influence on former soviet republics. Of these minorities, Russian minorities have a special importance, not only because they are a priority in Russia's current policy, but also because they could destabilize the entire Baltic- Caucasian arch. This area is becoming a new area of friction between Russia and the Western powers, eager to reintegrate the new countries into their institutions (OTAN, EU, etc.). The consequences of the new Russian foreign policy, much more aggressive than in previous decades, it has not taken long to lead to armed conflicts. This study will allow us to identify the relationship of existing forces and prevent the risks that certain countries of Eastern Europe are facing