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A characteristic phenomenon for russian public opinion of the XIX century was the appeal to the experience of European countries in the form of discussion of management models and public institutions. This is also characteristic for the discussion of interethnic relations in a polyethnic country, and for discussing the model of managing national suburbs. For the governments of Austria and Germany, Russia, who at the end of the eighteenth century divided Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, the Polish issue was extremely acute. The Russian authorities studied the policies of these two countries on the Polish lands and its consequences. In turn, these problems were reflected in domestic journalism. References to the policy of Austria-Hungary and Germany in the parts of Poland that were withdrawing to them were an integral part of those recommendations that the publicists, as spokesmen of public sentiments, addressed the government. As an example of public discussion, the article compares the views of B.N. Chicherin and N.K. Rennenkampf on the situation in the Polish lands of Austria-Hungary, Germany and Russia. It is analyzed their arguments in favor of this or that model of management of the Polish territories. It is described the correspondence of the views of the publicists with the real state of affairs in Galicia, Poznan and the Kingdom of Poland. A working hypothesis has been proved about Chicherin's use as a means of propagating his liberal views of the experience of the parliamentary activity of the Poles in the Austro-Hungarian and German empires. Copyright © 2019 by International Network Center for Fundamental and Applied Research Copyright © 2019 by Academic Publishing House Researcher s.r.o.

Educational manual contains the basis of the lecture course by discipline "Local government and social work" for students of specialty "Social work", control questions and bibliography to each topic.

This article is devoted to systemizing the stages of online research development in Germany, based on analyzing the reports of the main German-language conference on online research (General online Research Conference). The article focuses on the thematic and methodical evolution of online research since 1995 till the present day, emphasizing the most popular methods and areas of science where using this type of research is widespread. The author describes the history of online research and identifies four stages of online research development in Germany: online research as a method (Stage 1); atomization of subject areas (Stage 2); technological development and methodological improvement (Stage 3); distribution of Big Data (Stage 4). The stages are arranged by year, with systemization based on the thematic and methodical orientation during a particular period. The author analyzes the features of each of the stages in terms of technological innovation. The transformation of traditional offline methods in web space is also considered in the article. Particular attention is paid to the fact that both Russian and German languages have no single conceptual apparatus, and use a very broad list of terms in their specialized literature. This was the motivation behind compiling a terminological thesaurus within this work.

Author reveals the features of the political culture of the electorate in Russia and Germany. Through the comparative survey he finds gender differences in political consciousness and the voting behavior. Author analyzes the reasons for the limited participation of women in Russian political life and provides some recommendations
for improving the democratization process of the political sphere.

Based on the printed press and archival materials from the 19th - early 20th century, the article analyzes the historical policy of the German states, aimed at commemorating the memory of the era of the War of Liberation 1813-1815. Special attention is paid to the 50th and 100th anniversaries. Direct and indirect practices of attracting German youth to participate in commemorative celebrations are considered. ; В статье на основе печатной прессы и архивных материалов XIX - начала XX вв. анализируется историческая политика немецких государств, направленная на коммеморацию памяти об эпохе Освободительной войны 1813-1815 гг. Особое внимание уделяется 50-летнему и 100-летнему юбилеям. Рассматриваются прямые и косвенные практики привлечения немецкой молодежи к участию в коммеморативных торжествах.