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"This book is a compendium of papers on various new movements that emerged after the Asian financial crisis, which lead to Asia becoming the enhanced growth center of the world. Beginning with the analysis of the Asian crisis and the subsequent capital flight, the book goes on to study the impact of these events on the Hong Kong economy, the role of the government in Indonesia and financial restructuring in Thailand. The book then explores the new movement of regional cooperation, such as Free Trade Agreement, and financial cooperation and integration. On the real side of the economy, the book delves into issues such as cooperation between Japan and China, development of the Greater Mekong sub-region, growth of China, fiscal coordination in Korea, technological network in East Asia, and growth and inequality in Vietnam."

The paper takes the stand that the central banks as financial regulators have their own interest in imposing more regulations. It models the institutional behaviour for the central bank and government using the Indirect Inference testing and estimation method as it finds a set of coefficients of the model that can generate the actual observed behaviour for the US. The paper establishes that good monetary policy can reduce instability. Regulation at worse destabilises the economy and at best contributes little to stabilise the economy. After the financial crisis, financial regulations were too severe and thus actually increased instability.

This article analyses the potential for Russian oil export growth through the next decade. It concludes that supply for exports will continue to grow, albeit moderately. The greater or lesser intensity of that growth will depend on the evolution of both production and internal consumption, and especially on the reaction by investors to sector changes promoted by government energy policy. From this analysis, we find three likely scenarios for Russian oil exports. The most positive envisages it will be possible to diversify exports while the most negative suggests that Russia will have scant opportunity to develop an export diversification strategy. Adapted from the source document.

Astronomy is a deeply cultural science; an evening spent under a dark, starry night sky can evoke feelings of awe, wonder, and of being a global citizen. On the other hand, the pursuit of astronomical knowledge depends on cross-border co-operation: observers need shared infrastructure and intelligence to study the Universe's greatest mysteries. Not only does this advance science, but also brings significant societal and political benefits: through international collaboration, astronomy can bring governments and nations together to foster trust, peace and prosperity, and to help bridge the North-South divide. In turn, many astronomers themselves are rooted in a culture of openness, devoted to reaching and supporting marginalised communities and narrowing societal gaps. Together, through embracing the mystery of the Universe, we can draw forth upon our empathy and compassion, and come together under one sky.

This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of online learning during the pandemic at SMPN Sukamulya, Tangerang Regency, and find appropriate strategies so that the Tangerang Regency local government can implement online learning. The method used for this research is descriptive qualitative. The source of data in this study comes from informants who are in direct contact with the policies implemented. The results showed that the effectiveness of online learning policies during the Covid-19 pandemic at SMPN 2 Sukamulya, was influenced by various factors, including the availability of internet networks, teacher competence, supervision, learning motivation for students, special assistance for internet quotas, school eligibility to run online learning policies, regulations to regulate the continuity of learning in virtual classrooms, and the feasibility of using online learning methods according to teachers and parents.

This paper contributes to the literature by updating the analysis of the impact of the recent oil prices fall on the renewable energy (RE) industry and deployment. The research analysis uses the Renewable Energy Industrial Index (RENIXX), which tracks the world's 30 largest publicly traded companies and oil prices daily data from January 2003 to March 2016. RENIXX represents RE industries developing solar, wind, geothermal, bioenergy, hydropower and fuel cells technologies. This paper tests the hypothesis that claims high oil prices encourage the substitution of alternate energy sources for conventional energy sources. Furthermore, it discusses RENIXX performance behavior with respect to the governments' policies factor that investors should take into account. Moreover, the paper proposes a theoretical model that relates RE industry progress with oil prices and policies through the fuzzy logic system.

Jose Manuel Garcia-Margallo, the Spanish Minister for Foreign Affairs and Cooperation, is a young minister: he Entered the government for the first time in December 2011 at the age of 67, he is nonetheless an aim Experienced politician. In this interview with Michel Faure, the Harvard-educated expert on monetary and financial issues makes the case for an anti-recession style of diplomacy Focused on winning foreign markets and investing to create jobs. A staunch defender of what he calls 'la marca Espana' (the Spanish brand), Jose Manuel Garcia-Margallo factotum believes in blending Economic and conventional diplomacy. Above all, His outspokenness Has Made him a media celebrity. His bald statements are a far cry from the usual subdued murmurings of the diplomatic corps and Regularly make headlines in the Spanish and foreign press. Adapted from the source document.

This paper examines the empirical outcomes of the policies of nine monetary authorities (eight OECD nations and the Euro zone) so as to infer the strength and stability of the economic relationships behind those policies. Governments, responding to earlier rampant inflation, have in recent decades avowed to pursue monetary policies to maintain inflation at a low stable rate. In recent decades, the relationship between inflation and money supply, that is postulated in the received wisdom and confirmed by decades of observation, appears to be breaking down. In examining possible causes of this instability, this paper sees on-going changes in the velocity-of-money to be less plausible than shifting dominance in world currencies or the creative destruction of technological progress. This paper suggests the relative monetary stability of recent decades may be less achievable in the future.

The French defense code recently published regroups a total of 71 texts dating from 1791 to 2004. But this regrouping, as suggested here, fails to fill the legislative void that exists in matters of modern defense action, such as external operations of use of nuclear force. None of the texts concerned defines the power-sharing between the president & the republic, the government, & the parliament. Given these & other faults, it is here argued that these texts should be more deeply revised in order to reflect the reality of today's defense requirements & contingencies. Otherwise, executives may be placed in the difficult & untenable situation of not being able to verify the legality of orders they may receive in today's radically different defense environment. This article examines these claims against a series of contemporary security issues. Adapted from the source document.

Value-driven community-based communication – the social vacine against HIV and AIDS? Recent statistics show the prevalence of HIV/AIDS in South Africa is still not decreasing, despite numerous intervention programmes and the formation of AIDS councils. In the medium to long term HIV/AIDS prevention could be more successful if there were to be a stronger paradigm shift towards more horizontal communication at the community level as opposed to the current mainly government-driven top-down approach which communicates solutions primarily through the national media. An interpersonal and interactive community approach, based on dialogue, is therefore urgently needed. Above all, this community focus should be based on clear values to ensure sustainability. Faith-based organisations should play a far greater role in AIDS campaigns in which the normative dimension is spelled out explicitly.