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The Philippines health sector is at a critical stage in its transformation. While the country has undertaken several significant health sector reforms in the past decades, a large unfinished policy agenda remains. The achievement of the health Millennium Development Goals (MDGs), especially among poor households, is at risk and there is a newly emerging challenge of addressing non-communicable diseases MDG. The overall health spending ratio is one of the lowest in the region with out-of-pocket (OOP) spending, a measure of financial protection, at over half of all health spending, well above the average for global comparators. It is within this context, that the Philippine health sector review takes stock of health reforms implemented to date, and evaluates the impact of these reforms on health systems performance. Based on this evaluation, the review identifies the challenges and future policy directions for accelerating the transformation of the Philippines health sector for improved health outcomes, financial protection of the population and consumer satisfaction.

"In March 2001, the Ministry of Health of the Government of Eritrea launched a process to prepare a long-term health sector policy and strategic plan (HSPSP), with a focus on assuring equitable, quality, and sustainable health care. The Ministry outlined an open, participatory, three-step process for developing the HSPSP, with active participation from all partners in the health sector." "This study serves as the preliminary basis for further rounds of discussions and analysis among stakeholders to arrive at a strategic vision for the Eritrea health sector. It incorporates comments received from the Ministry of Health's central agencies, Zoba (regional) health teams, external partners working in Eritrea, and the World Bank Eritrea Country Team."--Jacket

The health sector in Pakistan is riddled with numerous
problems, constraints and contradictions. There is the problem of a lack
of health facilities in rural areas, of unemployed doctors despite the
acute shortage of trained medical personnel in the country, of 'brain
drain' of medical graduates, of the inability of medical graduates to
work in simple rural settings and their dependence on "sophisticated"
technology of pharmaceutical companies enriching themselves at the
expense of the common man, and of a lack of potable water and adequate
sewerage in slums and rural areas. The list can be expanded but the
stark fact is that most of the people have little or no access to
adequate health facilities and are faced with a high incidence of
disease.

Kenya faces major socio-economic and health challenges since the independent 1963. Tuberculosis, HIV/AIDS and malaria are the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in Kenya. The Government of Kenya has been trying to build a health system which can effectively provide quality health services to the population of the country. In Kenya, health services are provided through a network of over 5,000 health facilities countrywide. The country spends 5.1% of its GDP on health sector. As a result both mortality and morbidity rates are decreasing in Kenya. Infant and under-5 mortality rates are high in the country compare to the some other developing countries. Despite many attempts are taken by the Government yet the health sector of Kenya is far to reach the Millennium Development Goals. The paper discusses aspects of health of Kenya to make a healthy nation in the world.

The health department is mainly responsible for infrastructure and the quality of health and family planning services. Other health-related considerations fall beyond the health department. The maternal mortality rate (MMR) in rural areas, for example, is deeply rooted in early marriage, early pregnancy and frequent pregnancy. These are social and cultural practices that need to be effectively handled by the community itself. If panchayats mobilise and sensitise people to health issues, notably, the need to raise the age of marriage manage anaemia, promote FP and remove men's ignorance and indifference, and there is effective partnership between the health department and panchayats, change could be effected.