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TODAY WITH YALTA BEHIND, GERMANY REUNIFIED, AND THE SOVIET EMPIRE IN SHAMBLES, FRENCH DIPLOMACY IS PERPLEXED WITH FRANCE CONTEMPLATING A EUROPE IN WHICH ALL THE OLD ROAD SIGNS HAVE BEEN ALTERED AND THE PRETENSES WHICH SUSTAINED FRANCE IN ITS DELUSIONS OF POWER ARE GONE. THIS ARTICLE EXPLORES FRANCE'S RELATIONSHIP WITH GERMANY AND BETWEEN THE EC AND THE FORMER COMMUNIST COUNTRIES. THE AMERICAN QUESTION AND NUCLEAR MATTERS ARE DETAILED. THE ARTICLE CONCLUDES THAT THE SUCCESS OF FRENCH FOREIGN POLICY NOW PRESUPPOSES NOT ONLY THAT FRANCE WILL HAVE THE MEANS TO MAKE HER VOICE HEARD BU ALSO THAT EUROPE WILL AGREE TO AMPLIFY IT THROUGHOUT THE WORLD.

The crisis in political representation / Pascal Perrineau -- Political values and attitudes in Europe / Etienne Schweisguth -- Religion and politics / Jean-Marie Donegani -- Gender and politics / Janine Mossuz-Lavau -- Young people and politics / Anne Muxel -- Interest groups in France and Europe / Emiliano Grossman -- Trade unions and politics / Guy Groux -- The political and administrative elites / Luc Rouban -- The media and searching for political information / Arnaud Mercier -- What remains of class voting? / Nonna Mayer -- The green movement / Daniel Boy -- French socialism : an exception in Europe? / Henri Rey -- Right-wing parties in France and in Europe / Florence Haegel -- The extreme-right in Europe / Pascal Perrineau -- Conclusion : France in Europe / Luc Rouban

The 1950s and 1960s were a key moment in the development of postwar France. The period was one of rapid change, derived from post-World War II economic and social modernization; yet many traditional characteristics were retained. By analyzing the eruption of the new postwar world in the context of a France that was both modern and traditional, we can see how these worlds met and interacted, and how they set the scene for the turbulent 1960s and 70s. The examination of the development of mass culture in post-war France, undertaken in this volume, offers a valuable insight into the shifts that took place. By exploring stardom from the domain of cinema and other fields, represented here by famous figures such as Brigitte Bardot, Johnny Hallyday or Jean-Luc Godard, and less conventionally treated areas of enquiry (politics [de Gaulle], literary [Françoise Sagan], and intellectual culture [Lévi-Strauss]) the reader is provided with a broad understanding of the mechanisms of popularity and success, and their cultural, social, and political roles. The picture that emerges shows that many cultural articulations remained or became identifiably "French," in spite of the American mass-culture origins of these social, economic, and cultural transformations

Frontmatter -- Contents -- Preface -- Introduction: Traditions of Nationhood in France and Germany -- I. THE INSTITUTION OF CITIZENSHIP -- 1. Citizenship as Social Closure -- 2. The French Revolution and the Invention of National Citizenship -- 3. State, State-System, and Citizenship in Germany -- II. DEFINING THE CITIZENRY: THE BOUNDS OF BELONGING -- 4. Citizenship and Naturalization in France and Germany -- 5. Migrants into Citizens: The Crystallization of Jus Soli in Late-Nineteenth-Century France -- 6. The Citizenry as Community of Descent: The Nationalization of Citizenship in Wilhelmine Germany -- 7. "Etre Français, Cela se Mérite": Immigration and the Politics of Citizenship in France in the 1980s -- 8. Continuities in the German Politics of Citizenship -- Conclusion -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index

Frontmatter -- Contents -- Illustrations -- Abbreviations -- Acknowledgments -- INTRODUCTION -- A Law of Difference in the History of Difference. THE FIRST EDICT OF "TOLERANCE" -- Waging Peace. MEMORY, IDENTITY, AND THE EDICT OF NANTES -- Sharing Sacred Space. PROTESTANT TEMPLES AND RELIGIOUS COEXISTENCE IN THE SEVENTEENTH CENTURY -- Religion and Politics in France during the Period of the Edict of Nantes (1598–1685) -- Catholic Conciliar Reform in an Age of Anti-Catholic Revolution -- French Protestants, Laicization, and the Separation of the Churches and the State, 1802–1905 -- Totems, Taboos, and Jews. SALOMON REINACH AND THE POLITICS OF SCHOLARSHIP IN FIN-DE-SIÈCLE FRANCE -- Catholic Culture in Interwar France -- The Right to Be Different. SOME QUESTIONS ABOUT THE "FRENCH EXCEPTION" -- Islam in a Secular Context. CATALYST OF THE "FRENCH EXCEPTION " -- Bibliography -- Index -- Contributors

Frontmatter -- Acknowledgements -- Contents -- List of Maps and Figures -- 1. The Left in France -- 2. The French Labour Movement in the Nineteenth Century -- 3. The French Socialist Party 1920-1936 -- 4. French Marxism 1945-1975 -- 5. The Elections of 1981 in Historical Perspective -- Select Bibliography -- Chronology -- Index

The article of record as published may be located at http://www.jstor.org/stable/20044604 ; The remarkable developments in Europe since late 1989--German unification, the collapse of comm Eastern Europe and the expectation of large-scale withdrawals of Soviet and American forces--have upset long assumptions of French security policy. Stable reference points have been displaced by new risks and uncertain preoccupations about the future of Russia, Germany and Europe's political order and institutions have be pressing and more acute.