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Abstract. This article aims to answer the research question
of whether a relationship exists between migration
and jihadi terrorism in Europe. The core argument is
that increased migration from mainly Muslim countries
has added to the risk of jihadi terrorism in European
countries. The phenomena of homegrown extremism
within immigrant communities, the cross-border movement
of radicalised individuals, and the return of foreign
fighters have all raised the likelihood of Islamic
terrorism in Europe. The research results suggest that
while migrants coming from terrorist-prone states are
an important vehicle through which terrorism is manifested
and diffused, there is an even bigger threat of
jihadi terrorism from radicalised individuals within
European immigrant communities.
Keywords: migration, radicalisation, terrorism, jihad,
Europe

This volume is the result of a conference at University College London in 2007 which addressed the scale and form of civil defences in early medieval Europe, c. 800-1000. Previous work has largely focussed on individual sites or specific categories of evidence. These papers offer new interdisciplinary perspectives driven by a landscape approach. Several contributions focus on civil defence in England around the time of King Alfred the Great, and together provide a new agenda for the study of Anglo-Saxon military landscapes. European case-studies facilitate a comparative approach to local and regional defensive structures and interpretive paradigms. Topics and themes covered include civil defence landscapes, the organization and form of defensive structures, and the relationships and dynamics between social complexity, militarization, and external threats. With papers ranging from England to Spain and Germany to Scandinavia the volume is of relevance to a range of disciplines including archaeology, history, onomastics, geography, and anthropology