Suchergebnisse

A review essay on a film by Samuel Fuller, The Big Red One -- The Reconstruction (Warner Home Video, 2005).

The year 1943 represented a turning point in the correlation of forces during the World War II.
In the first quarter there were important battles in North Africa, while the friendly forces to the
Allies consolidated in other African regions. Angola as a Portuguese colony was in a position of
neutrality, but strongly felt the effects of the conflict, due to security reasons and by the economic output. At the same time, the ideas of democracy and increasing Angolan urbanization stimulated the emergence of chains of opinion, very influential in the later development of the country.

A review essay on books by (1) Fareed Zakaria, The Post-American World (New York: W. W. Norton & Company, 2008); (2) Robert Kagan, The Return of History and the End of Dreams (Londres: Atlantic Books, 2008); (3) Michael Lind, The American Way of Strategy -- U.S. Foreign Policy and the American Way of Life (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2006); (4) Reinhold Niebuhr, The Irony of American History (Chicago University Press, 2008) & (5) Anatol Lieven and John Hulsman, Ethical Realism -- A Vision for America's Role in the World (New York: Pantheon Books, 2006).

Raymond Aron was at once a philosopher of history, following Max Weber's epistemological critique; a critic of ideology, concentrating on totalitarianism, & in defense of liberal democracy; an interpreter on modern society & the history of the 20th century; & an analyst of international relations. The subtleness of his thinking makes him stand apart from other experts associated with the realist tradition in international relations & his intellectual legacy is crucial for our understanding of the complexity of the Post-Cold war world. Adapted from the source document.

The aim of this article is to relate Duchamp's ready-made - a work of art that is identical to a common object - with the history of art that preceded it and to understand how its radical rupture was already contained in that history. I choose to start it with an introduction and interpretation of the ready-made. Then, supported by Gombrich, Greenberg and others, I examine the three types of art in history proposed by Peter Bürger, focusing in the question of the reality/unreality of the work, gradually approaching the relation of the work with its character of object. My main point is that the two-dimensionality of the paiting reinforces the existence of the canvas (or of the support in question) and thus also the relation of its experience with the concrete world in which the paiting is found, as opposed to the dramatic illusion of the three-dimensional picture. Hereafter, I examine the impressionists, when its started a movement that goes to the reality of the canvas, which is then radicalized in various aspects of modernism, where Duchamp is found. Having taken this course, I examine Bürger's concept of vanguard and its relation to what he calls the "vital praxis", the world outside the illusionist framework, which I explain through Walter Benjamin's idea of distraction. Here, I suggest to think the ready-made as a proposal of transposition of art and its theory to the "non-artistic" world of the common things.