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1. Defining and conceptualising hate crime -- 2. The emergence of hate crime as a contemporary socio-legal problem -- 3. The international geography of hate -- 4. Victims and victimisation -- 5. Prejudice and hatred -- 6. Explaining hate crime -- 7. Law and law enforcement -- 8. Challenging hate and hate crime -- 9. Questioning the hate crime paradigm -- 10. Critical issues in hate crime.

Introduction to hate crimes -- The law of hate crimes -- Chronology -- Biographical listings -- Glossary -- How to research hate crimes -- Annotated bibliography -- Organizations and agencies.

The recruitment tactics of skinheads / T.J. Leyden, interviewed by Vivienne Walt -- A former skinhead tells of why bored, unsupervised, middle-class White youths make the best targets for skinhead recruiters -- Warning against the sin of homosexuality / Fred Phelps, Sr -- Promoting the white supremacist worldview / Matthew Hale, interviewed by Matt Sharkey -- Chapter 2: Survivors and witnesses speak out -- A mother wants the world to see what savagery was done to her son / Mamie Till-Mobley -- An African American woman writes about the funeral of her son, Emmett Till, a fourteen-year-old boy who was murdered by Southern Whites in the 1950s -- A woman's dark skin provokes hateful reactions after September 11, 2001 / Chitra Divakaruni -- An Indian American author describes how her dark color and foreign dress made her the target of misplaced anti-Arabic hatred following the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001 -- Killed because he looked Arab / Joginder Kaur -- The wife of an Indian American man explains how her husband was shot and killed by an Arizona man who, because of his anger over the September 11, 2001, tragedy, was determined to take revenge against anyone who looked Arabic -- Finding a swastika in my binder / Elizabeth Chase -- When confronted with anti-semitic symbols in her school, a Jewish teen decides it is important to stand up against hatred and ignorance -- May my son's death become a symbol against intolerance / Dennis Shepard -- The father of a murdered gay teen hopes that his son's death will force others to recognize the barbarity of hate crimes and spread a message of tolerance --Chapter 3: Taking action against hate -- From hate to hope / Keishuna Young -- After being the victim of a racial attack, an African American teen forms a local group to promote peace and unity in her community -- Fictionalized accounts can be reminders of the reality of hate crimes / Daniel A. Olivas

Cover -- Title -- Copyright -- contents -- 1 What Are Hate Crimes? -- Why Create Laws Against Hate Crimes? -- U.S. Hate Crime Law -- European Hate Crime Law -- Hate Crimes Versus Hate Speech -- Hate Crime and Genocide -- 2 Hate Crimes Gain Attention -- The FBI vs. the Klan -- Hate Crimes in American History -- The Jena Six -- 3 The Roots of Hate Crime -- The Tribal Mind -- Othering -- Social Instability -- Economic Instability -- Who Commits Hate Crimes? -- 4 Hate Crimes in the United States -- Native Americans -- African Americans -- Immigrants -- Rising Crimes Against Latinos -- Gays and Lesbians -- Women -- Religious Groups -- Disabled People -- 5 Hate Crimes Around the World -- Hate Crime in Russia -- Hate Crime in Europe -- India's Caste Conflict -- Crimes of Violence in Darfur -- 6 The Future of Hate Crime Laws -- Glossary -- For More Information -- Web Sites -- For Further Reading -- Bibliography -- Index -- About the Author -- Photo Credits

Cover -- Title -- Copyright -- Contents -- Foreword -- Introduction: The Scope Of Hate Crimes -- Chapter One: How People Learn To Hate -- Chapter Two: Hate Crimes Based On Race -- Chapter Three: Hate Crimes Based On Religion -- Chapter Four: Hate Crimes Based On Sexual Orientation -- Chapter Five: Hating Immigrants, The Disabled, And The Homeless -- Chapter Six: The Perpetrators Of Hate Crimes -- Chapter Seven: Fighting Hate Crimes -- Notes -- Discussion Questions -- Organizations To Contact -- For More Information -- Index -- Picture Credits -- About The Author -- Back Cover

This book uniquely combines a critical examination of the extent and diversity of transphobic hate crime together with a consideration of the victims and offenders. Trans people are marginalised in society and already negotiate complex physical and emotional challenges in order to live authentically in accordance with their self-identified gender presentation. Transphobic hate crime has devastating consequences both for the victim and trans people more generally by reinforcing the female/male binary and punishing gender non-conformity. In this thought-provoking study Jamel examines the history, extent, nature, and victim-offender relationship regarding these crimes whilst also considering the obstacles which affect legislation and policy-making decisions in response to hate crimes against trans people. The concept of a single transgender community is also critiqued in this book by exploring the diversity of trans identities cross-culturally. This original and timely book provides students, academics and those developing an interest in the topic with an understanding of the complexities of transphobic hate crime within the wider context of gender studies and critical criminology.

This report goes into detail the complexities and circumstances surrounding hate crime legislation and is updated accordingly.