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Psychology has a long tradition of interest and experience in single subject studies, providing a forerunner scientific platform for person-level trends as they contribute to population data science. Building on this long-standing tradition, population health scientists are increasingly concerned with opportunities to draw inferences about the single case, or studies utilizing an 'N-of-1'. At the same time, citizen scientists with health interests have become more equipped to conduct their own types of N-of-1 studies given new tools such as smart phone tracking and many other mobile health or "mHealth" devices. These advances in the single case or N-of-1 tradition sometimes involve self-tracking of health data and/or self-experimentation with one's own health. As networks (increasingly, virtual ones) of people work to maintain or improve their health, a new platform for scientific inquiry has emerged. This paper considers how the confluence of the single case tradition and self-experimentation are key ingredients in a new data science-rich platform, that of citizen health science.
Keywords: Citizen health science, single-case designs, single-subject studies, idiographic research, self-experimentation.

Population and Public Health (SPPH), School of ; Medicine, Faculty of ; Reviewed ; Faculty

DOI: 10.3126/jnhrc.v7i1.2296 Journal of Nepal Health Research Council Vol. 7, No. 1, 2009 April 54-57

AbstractThis study aims to analyze the network of interactions of Brazilian medical research groups, identifying key actors and their roles in generating and diffusing knowledge. Social network analysis was applied, with data from the Research Groups Directory Census of the National Council of Scientific and Technological Development, from 2016. The main results show (1) the central role of universities, public institutes, and university hospital research groups; (2) the importance of scientific infrastructure and research capability of scientists in knowledge production; (3) the minor role of the industry, denoting the fragility of university–industry interactions; (4) spatial concentration of network actors, mostly located in the south and southeast of Brazil; and (5) a great opportunity to expand flows and cooperation. Regarding these results, the recent budgetary cuts in science and technology resources since 2016 seem to be a misguided and detrimental strategy as these resources are essential for future technological and industrial development.

The purpose of this descriptive and cross-sectional study was to find out how healthy students' lifestyles were and 320 students (85.33%) formed the sample. Instruments used were: a questionnaire prepared by the researchers, the Health Promoting Lifestyles Profile (HPLP; Walker, Sechrist,
& Pender, 1987), the Ways of Coping with Stressful Life Events List (WCCL; Aysan, 1988, 1994), and the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI; Hisli, 1988; Sahin, 1989; Teğin, 1980). SPSS was used for data analysis. The students' HPLP mean total score was averaged with the highest subscale
score for self-actualization and the lowest for exercise. Mean scores on the WCLL for the problem focused and seeks social support subscales were lower than blamed self, wishful thinking, and avoidance mean scores. The mean score gained on the Beck Depression Inventory was 14.31 (SD
= 11.06). Results suggest that these students do not have enough information about maintaining a healthy lifestyle and were not using effective methods for coping with stress; and 40% of them were depressed.

Valuable to both the health professional and information provider, this book provides a comprehensive and detailed look at online biomedical database searching by end users. Experts fully assess the numerous implications of end user searching and synthesize a wide variety of views and successful practices. By examining the types of users, institutional settings, products used, and applications, this important volume probes the specific variations among programs and provides a solid overview of end user searching in the health science field. The volume includes informative chapters on determini

Paper 1. Food and Health from Conception to Extreme Old Age -- Paper 2. The Control and Standardisation of National Food Quality -- Paper 3. The Validity of the Concept of Health Foods -- Paper 4. Healthy Eating -- Paper 5. Education and Responsibility of Modern Food Technologists -- Paper 6. Consumer Health Considerations in EEC Legislation -- Paper 7. The Microbiological Control of Salmonellae in Processed Foods -- Paper 8. The Occurrence and Control of Clostridium botulinum in Foods -- Paper 9. Mycotoxins in Foods -- Paper 10. Assessment and Control of Microbiological Health Risks Presented by Foods -- Paper 11. Biochemical Aspects of Food Safety -- Paper 12. Food Additives: Industrial Uses, Value and Safety -- Paper 13. Acceptable Limits for Pesticides in Foods: The FAO/WHO Approach -- Paper 14. The Role of Food Processing in Decreasing Pesticide Contamination of Foods -- Paper 15. Trends and Perspectives in Food Contaminants -- Paper 16. Use of Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Culture Systems for Examining Biological Activity of Food Constituents 251 -- Paper 17. Erucic Acid -- Paper 18. Detoxification of Foods in Food Processing -- Paper 19. Performance of Process Plant in Relation to Food Quality and Safety -- Paper 20. The Processing of Food Using Ionising Radiation; Present Status -- Paper 21. Technological and Health Considerations of Modern Food Packaging -- Paper 22. Interaction of Food Components During Processing -- Paper 23. Methodology to Detect Nutritional Damage During Thermal Food Processing -- Paper 24. Are We Adequately Fed? -- Paper 25. Optimisation of Food Nutrient Composition -- Paper 26. Some Aspects of Dietary Fibre Metabolism in the Human Gut -- Paper 27. Obesity and Anorexia -- Paper 28. Infant Nutrition -- Paper 29. Protein Deficiency and the Brain -- Paper 30. Food and the Brain -- Paper 31. Lead and Brain Function.