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In 19th century Württemberg restrictive marriage laws were introduced to reduce the number of children born into families without sufficient means. The effect is discussed using ages at marriage in Feuerbach, a wine-growing village near Stuttgart, later an industrial town. From 1807 to 1832, when no legal restrictions were in force, marriage ages rose due to economic pressures. A downward trend occurs only after restrictions were lifted in the 1870s. Closer inspection reveals social and gender specific differences. From 1840 to 1879, a period of restrictive laws as well as economic upheaval, women of different social groups married at widely differing ages, whereas men's marriage ages converged. After 1880 women's marriage ages came closer again, but differences in male marriage ages widened. Men in higher social groups married later, whereas wage-earning workers could marry earlier. Legal restrictions failed to reduce the birthrate. The number of illegitimate children and premarital conceptions rose dramatically. A falling total birthrate only begins among couples marrying after 1880.

In dem vorliegenden Bericht wird der Frage nachgegangen, inwiefern vierzig Jahre "sozialistischer Politik" das Heiratsverhalten der Menschen in der ehemaligen DDR geprägt haben. Dabei werden nicht nur das Heiratsalter und die Altersdifferenz der Ehepartner untersucht, sondern auch die Bildungskombination in der Ehe, da zu erwarten ist, daß die DDR-Ehen bildungsmäßig homogener sind als die bundesdeutschen Ehen. Ferner wird der Frage nachgegangen, ob und wie sich das eng verflochtene System familienfördernder Maßnahmen und Rahmenbedingungen in der Sozial-, Bildungs- und Wohnraumvergabepolitik der DDR ausgewirkt hat. Datenbasis bilden für die DDR die "Einkommensstichprobe in Arbeiter- und Angestelltenhaushalten (AAE) im August 1988" und für die Bundesrepublik Deutschland das "Sozio-ökonomische Panel, Welle 5 (1988)". Zunächst werden die Rahmenbedingungen für das Heiratsverhalten in der DDR dargestellt, worauf eine empirische Analyse des Heiratsverhaltens folgt. Ausgehend von der beobachtbaren und zu erwartenden Änderung der Rahmenbedingungen in Ostdeutschland nach der Wiedervereinigung werden abschließend einige zu erwartende Entwicklungen des Heiratsverhaltens prognostiziert. (ICF)

At first an overview about marriage patterns in Albania around 1900 and the influence of religion on marriage patterns in Southeastern Europe is given. The Albanian census of 1918 used for this analysis is presented and the religious situation in Albanian in 1918 is explained. Research questions are defined and possible other factors influencing marriage patterns in Albania are discussed. The descriptive analysis reveals religious influences on marriage patterns, but cannot quantify the amount of different factors. This first analysis of the influence of religion on marriage ages in Albania using microdata in a logistic regression shows that a considerable influence of religion on marriage ages remain even after including a series of other variables. Generally other variables like the regions within Albania, literacy, Slavic ethnicity, and age had stronger influences on ages at marriage than religion. But religion in the form of Roman Catholicism was the main factor influencing the share of unmarried women around an age of 50 years.