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The publication presents an analysis of the materials of the surveys of the FCTAS RAS, the Interregional Social Science Study "The Future of Russia", the Levada Center and the Public Opinion Foundation for the last two decades, covering historical topics. The aim of the study was to identify the main characteristics of the historical consciousness and the state of the historical memory of Russians at present. Studies by sociological centres in recent years show that the historical knowledge of a large part of Russians is fragmentary, comes from different sources, and is not always correct. Many events and personalities are mixed up in consciousness, or even forgotten altogether. Moreover, this phenomenon refers not only to distant events in history, known exclusively from textbooks, but also to decades directly related to the person´s life. Choosing between various historical alternatives of the country's future vision, Russians to a greater extent are focused on neutral ideas of strengthening Russia's position in the external and internal arena, whilst the ideas of an "Orthodox state", a turn towards Europe or Eurasianism do not find major support among the population. With major contribution by the authorities the Great Patriotic War at present is the main historical event, overshadowing all the others. At the same time, the constant emphasis on the war theme and on heroic moments, combined with the levelling of tragic ones, causes a distorted perception of the event among a part of the population. In addition, the interpretation of history (especially during the Great Patriotic War) becomes the arena of a "political war." Various political forces give their own interpretation of events, that can both confuse some citizens and, on the other hand, form irreconcilable ideological opponents. The memory of the war is becoming more and more mythologised as a consequence of the fact that its real participants are gradually passing away. In connection with all above, current and future generations will have to look for grains of truth in a highly politicised and sometimes deceptive information field. The correct perspective of raising the awareness of the Russian population, "clarifying historical consciousness" is seen in a multifaceted historical discourse with the participation of professional historians, openness to any discussion, and broader media coverage.

Reprint of General statistics of cities, 1909, by the Bureau of the Census, first published in 1913 by the Govt. Print. Off., Washington; of General statistics of cities, 1916, by the Bureau of the Census, first published in 1917 by the Govt. Print. Off., Washington; and of Historical statistics on State and local government finances, 1902-1953, by the Bureau of the Census, first published in 1955 by the Govt. Print. Off., Washington ; Mode of access: Internet.

The prospering economy has boosted employment and reduced unemployment to historical low levels. The risk of overheating is increasing with double digit growth in wages and higher consumer price inflation, although it remains within the central bank's tolerance band.

Economics and Historypresents six state-of-the-art surveys from some of the leading scholars in cliometrics. The contributions are all written at an accessible level for the non-specialist reader and consider a broad range of issues from this highly topical area. Written clearly and comprehensively, allowing easy accessibility for the non-specialist readerBrings together the very latest research in this highly topical subject from leading scholarsContributions cover a broad range of areas within this subjectThe latest publication in the highly successful Surveys ofRecent Research in Economics Book Series David Greasleyis Professor of Economic History in the School of History, Classics and Archaeology at Edinburgh University. His research interests include the construction of national income accounts in historical perspective, comparative economic development, the Great Depression in the USA, British industrialization since 1700, and the economic history of New Zealand.Les Oxleyis Professor in Economics at the University of Canterbury, and Adjunct Professor at Curtin University of Technology, Australia. His research interests include modelling and testing theories of economic growth, financial econometrics, intellectual property, energy economics and cliometrics. He is a founding editor of Blackwell's Journal of Economic Surveysand sits on the editorial boards of several international journals.

In 1807 the English East India Company published a report by Dr Francis Buchanan (1762–1829), a Scottish medic in its employ. The report, titled A Journey from Madras, marked an important moment in colonial savoir faire – the emergence of the statistical survey as a form of natural historical knowledge-making in colonial India. What is not generally known is that Buchanan, who received his MD from the University of Edinburgh, had learnt the procedures he employed in his report in the natural history course taught there by the Rev. John Walker (1731–1803). This chapter seeks to explain why and how Walker's teaching travelled to India with Buchanan, and helped him justify British colonisation of south India.

Examines historical contextualism, a methodological claim that valid history is only demonstrated via the reconstruction of a context (ie, a perspective) regarding the text being studied. It is argued that contextualism is logically futile since no observer or researcher can form a perspective on any text without somehow altering it, thereby changing the context under examination. Further, as a form of relativism, historical contextualism denies that morality can enter into historical study & thereby render the history of thought seemingly irrelevant to contemporary moral issues. It is concluded that, while contextualism requires that history be viewed in its original context, history should be informed by modern perspectives as well. 17 References. Adapted from the source document.