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Secret marriages and cases that reached the Church courts show that there was a social tension in the society, as marriage was also a social fact affected by family, financial and feudal aspects. Therefore, in reality, the choice by people, especially by women, was not free. In real life, marriages were still formed for economic, social, even military reasons. Marriage consent rules developed into an entire section of the contract law, they were not only the foundation of the contemporary matrimonial law, but also produced certain fundamental elements of the contract law, namely the notion of free will and related notions of an error, coercion and deceit. The Christian matrimonial law that was formed in the Middle Ages existed in the Western Europe until the Reformation in the 16th century, in England even longer.

Secret marriages and cases that reached the Church courts show that there was a social tension in the society, as marriage was also a social fact affected by family, financial and feudal aspects. Therefore, in reality, the choice by people, especially by women, was not free. In real life, marriages were still formed for economic, social, even military reasons. Marriage consent rules developed into an entire section of the contract law, they were not only the foundation of the contemporary matrimonial law, but also produced certain fundamental elements of the contract law, namely the notion of free will and related notions of an error, coercion and deceit. The Christian matrimonial law that was formed in the Middle Ages existed in the Western Europe until the Reformation in the 16th century, in England even longer.

Secret marriages and cases that reached the Church courts show that there was a social tension in the society, as marriage was also a social fact affected by family, financial and feudal aspects. Therefore, in reality, the choice by people, especially by women, was not free. In real life, marriages were still formed for economic, social, even military reasons. Marriage consent rules developed into an entire section of the contract law, they were not only the foundation of the contemporary matrimonial law, but also produced certain fundamental elements of the contract law, namely the notion of free will and related notions of an error, coercion and deceit. The Christian matrimonial law that was formed in the Middle Ages existed in the Western Europe until the Reformation in the 16th century, in England even longer.

Secret marriages and cases that reached the Church courts show that there was a social tension in the society, as marriage was also a social fact affected by family, financial and feudal aspects. Therefore, in reality, the choice by people, especially by women, was not free. In real life, marriages were still formed for economic, social, even military reasons. Marriage consent rules developed into an entire section of the contract law, they were not only the foundation of the contemporary matrimonial law, but also produced certain fundamental elements of the contract law, namely the notion of free will and related notions of an error, coercion and deceit. The Christian matrimonial law that was formed in the Middle Ages existed in the Western Europe until the Reformation in the 16th century, in England even longer.

With the enlargement of the European Union, Europe is experiencing profound changes. All European nation states are going to face growing cultural and linguistic diversity. Therefore, considerable efforts to understand, respect, and sustain the very contrasts that make Europe so rich and complex will be required from all EU citizens. A specific feature of European cultural life is the ability to engage effectively with diversity. This engagement is linked to its basis in tradition and new developments.

With the enlargement of the European Union, Europe is experiencing profound changes. All European nation states are going to face growing cultural and linguistic diversity. Therefore, considerable efforts to understand, respect, and sustain the very contrasts that make Europe so rich and complex will be required from all EU citizens. A specific feature of European cultural life is the ability to engage effectively with diversity. This engagement is linked to its basis in tradition and new developments.

With the enlargement of the European Union, Europe is experiencing profound changes. All European nation states are going to face growing cultural and linguistic diversity. Therefore, considerable efforts to understand, respect, and sustain the very contrasts that make Europe so rich and complex will be required from all EU citizens. A specific feature of European cultural life is the ability to engage effectively with diversity. This engagement is linked to its basis in tradition and new developments.

Adapted from the source document.

This resource book for students introduces the main concepts of multilingualism and provides a wide range of definitions revealing the complex nature of the phenomenon. It also provides knowledge on historical developments, linguistic and cultural changes and emphasizes the historical relevance to the present situation in Europe. The documentation on the EU policy on multilingualism is critically evaluated while placing policy issues in the context of national and institutional perspectives. The resource book for students explores the economic value of languages and the impact of global English as well as the role of other "big" languages in Europe and the world. The case studies of different European countries/ cities provide deeper knowledge and develop understanding of political, educational, economic and socio-cultural aspects of multilingualism. These aspects are highlighted by examining cultural and socio-political factors that may influence or even determine minority/ migrant language loss, their development or maintenance. Finally, it provides an analysis of challenges for the educational sector and the schooling of multilingual children.

This resource book for students introduces the main concepts of multilingualism and provides a wide range of definitions revealing the complex nature of the phenomenon. It also provides knowledge on historical developments, linguistic and cultural changes and emphasizes the historical relevance to the present situation in Europe. The documentation on the EU policy on multilingualism is critically evaluated while placing policy issues in the context of national and institutional perspectives. The resource book for students explores the economic value of languages and the impact of global English as well as the role of other "big" languages in Europe and the world. The case studies of different European countries/ cities provide deeper knowledge and develop understanding of political, educational, economic and socio-cultural aspects of multilingualism. These aspects are highlighted by examining cultural and socio-political factors that may influence or even determine minority/ migrant language loss, their development or maintenance. Finally, it provides an analysis of challenges for the educational sector and the schooling of multilingual children.