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This handbook suggests a global, transnational perspective on the history of education as a field. Apart from an introductory chapter written by the editors, the text includes 36 articles divided into six parts. Each article describes a subject in the field and ends with a bibliography for further reading. As repeatedly stressed in the book, this field has developed since the early nineteenth century with the emergence of the modern nation-state. Its scope and content expanded and underwent some transformations since the 1960s with the introduction of new perspectives, issues, and methods through interaction with the discipline of history and the broader social sciences.

History comes across as a product of the effort to create social memory, written or verbal. It is based on information and documents and avoids emotional biases. Music, on the other hand, is a multifaceted phenomenon and its aim to entertain shapes it. On one hand, it interprets emotions, and on the other hand it bears the social, cultural and historical codes of the society to which it belongs. For this reason, it is possible to discover specific details of historical events in the kilams/songs of dengbêjs, important exponents of the Kurdish music of orality. This study focuses on unveiling traces of historical events in the songs of the dengbêjs, in context of the relationship between history and music. Information and documents dealing with the Kozanoğlu events in kilam/songs are compared. A good example of the importance of the dengbêjs in Kurdish history is taken from when in the 19th century, the Ottoman state established a military unit called Fırka-i Islahiye as a part of its policy of asserting its full dominance in rural areas, and also to carry out compulsory resettlement policies. In order to support the operation, the Kurdish chief Sürmeli Memed Pasha set out, taking with him under his auspices Evdale Zeynikê, a dengbej singer. However, the Kurdish troops reaching Kozan were defeated due to the climatic conditions and the cholera epidemic. Witnessing all the events, Evdale Zeynikê sang kilam/songs for every stop on the route and on the death of the Pasha. Throughout this account, which is based in Kurdish culture and immured with a strong dengbêj tradition, it is possible to find details of Kurdish history in the kilams/songs of the dengbêjs.

Demokrasi, hukukun üstünlüğü, insan hakları gibi kurucu normlara sahip farklı bir siyasi kimlik ve bütünleşme modelini temsil eden ve "değerler birliği" olarak tanımlanan Avrupa Birliği, 2010'lu yıllardan itibaren bizzat kendi üye devleti Macaristan'ın birlik değerlerini ihlaline yönelik sorunlar yaşamaktadır. Nitekim Avrupa Parlamentosu, 12 Eylül 2018'de Macaristan'ın temel değerlerini ihlal ettiğine dair açık bir riskin varlığını tespit kararı almıştır. Böyle bir kararın, bu kurumda ilk kez bir üye devletine karşı alınmış olması konunun önemini göstermektedir. Kuramsal çerçevesini İnşacılık yaklaşımının oluşturduğu bu tezde; Avrupa Birliği'nin temel değerlerini, uluslararası politikada en önemli araçlar olarak kullandığı iddialarına dayanan, İnşacılık yaklaşımından beslenen ve ilk kez Ian Manners tarafından öne sürülen "normatif güç Avrupa" kavramı, Macaristan vakası bağlamında incelenecektir. Birliğin uyguladığı süreç incelendiğinde, bu sorun karşısında normatif temelli bir yaklaşım sergilediği sonucuna ulaşılmaktadır. ; The European Union, which represents a different model of political identity and integration with its fundamental norms such as democracy, the rule of law, and human rights, and is defined as a union of values, has been facing problems in violation of its values by its own member state, Hungary, since 2010. Hence on 12th September, 2018 the European Parliament decided that there was a clear risk that Hungary violated the fundamental values of the union. The fact that such a decision was taken against a member state for the first time in this institution shows the importance of the issue. In this thesis, of which the constructivism constitutes the theoretical framework approach, the concept of "normative power Europe", nurtured from the constructivist approach, and firstly proposed by Ian Manners, based on the claims that the European Union uses its fundamental values as the most significant means in the international politics, will be examined within the context of the case of Hungary. When the process implemented by the Union is examined, it is concluded that it has a normative based approach to this problem.

This research aims to evaluate the developments in the recent history of the social studies course in Turkey (1998-2022) through the curricula. Since 1998, 2005, and 2018 social studies curricula and literature studies were used as data sources, the research conducted with the document analysis method. The data were evaluated by the thematic analysis method. At the end of the research, it was determined that the 1998 curriculum, which was first prepared with a behavioral approach, did not fully reflect the understanding of contemporary social studies. Secondly, the 2005 curriculum, which was prepared with a constructivist approach, emphasized individual identity instead of social identity, unlike the curricula prepared until that time. Furthermore, the 2005 curriculum brought many innovations such as learning strands, sub-disciplines, skills, concepts, values, activity recommendations, and assessment and evaluation elements that did not exist in previous curricula. Moreover, while sub-disciplines, skills, concepts, and activity recommendations were not included in the 2018 curriculum, some values were removed and some new values were added instead. Finally, it has been seen that the 2018 curriculum includes various competencies and literacy, unlike the 2005 curriculum. Based on these results, it can be suggested that the 2018 curriculum be updated in more detail to guide teachers.

The aim of this research is to reveal the bibliometric analysis of the published articles on collective memory. For this purpose, journal articles published in the Web of Science database were examined. In the Web of Science database, the keywords; collective memory" was searched in the categories of history, geography, and educational research. The study material is limited to 1986-2021 as the year, English as the publication language and SSCI, ESCI and A&HCI as indexes. The data obtained from the Web of Science database were analyzed with the bibliometrix package included in the RStudio program. Related to the subject of collective memory, annual production, the most relevant authors, the most relevant journals, the number of article productions in countries, the most frequently used sources, the most used keywords in the researches and the current trends in the articles on the subject of collective memory were determined in the journal articles. As a result of the research, it was identified that in recent years, when the articles written on the subject of social memory in history, geography and education researches have been increasing and diversifying, issues such as commemorative culture, space, violence, power and politics have created a trend towards this field. It was determined that the most relevant countries for the subject area were the USA, England, Israel, Germany and Canada. In the articles written on collective memory, it was determined that the most frequently used keywords of the researchers were history, politics, identity, memory, war, place, holocaust, and commemoration culture. It is thought that these results will give perspective to researchers who plan to conduct research in this field.

Makale son yıllarda radikal sağın Avrupa'daki hızlı yükselişini neo-liberalizmin hüküm sürdüğü aşamadaki tarihsel kapitalist sistemin büyük bir krize girdiği çağımızda bunun yansıması olarak gittikçe derinleşen Avrupa entegrasyonuna bir karşı cevap, ulusu ve ulus-devleti geri sahiplenme girişimi ve sistemi zorlama hareketi bağlamında anlamak ve açıklamak amacını taşımaktadır. Kapitalist sistem 16. yüzyıldan beri tüm yerküreye adım adım yayılırken milletlerin birer sosyal kategori olarak üretilmesinde, 19. yüzyıl ürünü olan milliyetçilik ise kapitalizmin işleyebilmesine en elverişli olacak egemen ulus-devletlerden oluşan bir dünya modeli yaratılmasında aktif rol oynamıştır. Fakat gelinen neo-liberalizm safhası bu karşılıklı çıkar ilişkisini milliyetçilik aleyhine bozmuştur. Kapitalist sistem artık ulus-devletlerin yerine ulusaşırı şirketlerin ve ulusüstü bölgesel birliklerin öne çıktığı, ulus-devletlerin egemenliklerinin olabildiğince yontularak sermayenin önündeki tüm kısıtlamaların kaldırılacağı küresel bir dünya istemekte; bu ise milliyetçiliği sistemin yeni haline karşı bir ideoloji olarak yeniden kurmaktadır. Özellikle kriz dönemlerinde milliyetçilik sermayenin kontrolünden çıkmakta ve hatta ona karşı bir tehdit haline gelmektedir. Bu nedenle modern ulus-devlete alternatif niteliğe bürünen Avrupa entegrasyonu projesi özellikle 2008 krizi sonrası etnik temelli ultra-milliyetçilik, ırkçılık, devletçilik, yabancı düşmanlığı vb. eğilimler taşıyan radikal sağı körüklemektedir. Bu bağlamda çalışma üç bölümden oluşmaktadır; öncelikli olarak tarihsel kapitalist sistem ve milliyetçiliğin ilişkisinin değişimi yaşanılan yapısal dönüşümlerin etkisiyle beraber aktarılacak, ikinci bölümde Avrupa entegrasyonunun temel hatları anlatılarak neden ulus-devlete tehdit olarak yansıtıldığı açıklanacak, son olarak radikal sağın tanımı, genel ideolojik özellikleri ve politik duruşu detaylıca ele alınarak yükseliş trendi Finlandiya örneği özelinde incelenecektir. ; The article evaluates the rising radical right phenomenon in Europe recently as a quest to protect the nation and the nation-state from and a response to the deepening European integration and the economic crisis deprived from the neoliberalism phase of the historical capitalist system. Capitalist system expanding to the world step by step since the 16th century has had a role in the evolution of nations as new social 292 Uca S (2017). Avrupa'da Radikal Sağın Yükselişi ve Finlandiya Örneği. Mülkiye Dergisi, 41(1), 291-317. categories while the 19th century born nationalism has also helped to construct a world model composed of sovereign nation-states which was fundamental for the system's continuity and workability. However, this collaboration has reached a dead point when the neo-liberalism has gained a hegemonic position in the last 30 years in which transnational corporations and supra-national regional organisations are favoured rather than the nation-states whose sovereignties are eroded to open free space for the capital in today's global world. As a result, today nationalism is being recreated as an anti-system ideology in order to survive, going out of the control of the bourgeoisie and even becoming a threat to it especially in crisis times. Therefore, the European integration project which poses an alternative to the modern nation-state is fuelling the radical right movement showing ethnic-based nationalist, racist, statist, xenophobic etc. tendencies. In this regard, the article consists of three parts. Firstly, the change of the relation between the capitalism and nationalism in parallel with the effects of the structural transformations in the system will be explained. Secondly, the outline of the European integration and why it is assumed as a threat to the nationstate will be indicated. Finally, the definition of the radical right, its main ideological features and political stance will be evaluated focusing on the Finland case specifically