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In the light of the problems shown by the member universities of the CRE, and in view of the major cultural, social and economic changes throughout Europe, a historical study on the social identity of the European University was launched in 1982. Discusses this joint university research project, which involves historians, sociologists and political philosophers. (JLN)

Over the past decades, European Us have undergone a continuing institutional transformation, central to which is increasing external pressure for accountability. The Standing Conference of Rectors, Presidents, & Vice-Chancellors of the European Us, which represents 360 Us & equivalent institutions from 23 European countries, has undertaken a research project inspired by this process: the History of the European U in Society project. The project faced several methodological problems that required a long planning process, involving (1) a feasibility study; (2) finding allies; (3) testing a procedure; & (4) preparation of a manuscript, now under way. Resources for the project include collaborators & funding. The current state of the project is assessed. W. H. Stoddard

THE AUTHOR CONSIDERS THE CONCEPTS OF GENERAL HOSPITALS AND DAY HOSPITALS AS POSSIBLE ALTERNATIVES TO THE MENTAL HOSPITALS. THE FUNCTIONS OF MENTAL HOSPITALS ARE DESCRIBED. THE DIFFERENT LEVELS OF SUSTAINING AND CORRESPONDING INTERVENTION SERVICES OF PSYCHIATRY ARE EXPLAINED, AND A CHART IS PROVIDED. PROVIDING INSTITUTIONS FOR ALL TYPES OF MENTALLY ILL IS DISCUSSED.

Before 1948 19% of the hospital beds in GB depended on voluntary action. Under the Nat Health Service the Exchequer meets all ordinary expenditure, including capital expenditure. Leagues of hospital Friends have spread rapidly, esp in the South of England. Their main emphasis is on personal service, such as visiting patients. Over 16,000 members engage in some form of personal service compared with 10,000 members of Boards & Committees of management under the Ministry of Health. The Leagues have become a recognized recruiting ground for the Boards & Committees. They are largely Mc led & operate mostly in Mc areas, offsetting in a small way the public policy of nat uniformity. The Ministry has welcomed their voluntary support from the outset & has increased its encouragement. The Leagues have helped maintain a lively local interest in each hosp's work. They have not much criticized the hospital Service. A League with well-developed visiting arrangements might usefully be invited by the management Committee to submit a report on patients' opinions of the Hosp. IPSA.

IN THIS REPORT ON THE BOOK OF THE ABOVE TITLE BY FRANK HONIGSBAUM, THE AUTHOR NOTES THAT SUCCESSIVE BRITISH GOVERNMENTS BEWAIL ESCALATING COSTS OF THE NATIONAL HEALTH SERVICE, BUT THE SYSTEM IS SURPRISINGLY CHEAP COMPARED WITH THAT OF THE U.S.A. AND MOST EUROPEAN COUNTRIES. THE BOOK IS BASED ON EXAMINATION OF CONTEMPORARY RECORDS SHOWING HOW GP ENTHUSIASM FOR HOSPITAL WORK WAXED AND WANED.