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В статье представлен исторический и теоретический анализ одного из новых направлений исследования бытования варваров — гендерной истории варварства. Гендер рассматривается как системная категория сложившейся в варваристике базовой терминологии. Впервые предпринята попытка проанализировать познавательный потенциал варваристики, включив в ее понятийную структуру гендерный подход. Рассматриваются наиболее значимые термины, понятия и концепты, их роль в структуре когниции варвара. Обозначены и раскрыты в исторической ретроспективе ключевые характеристики понятия «гендерное варварство» как устойчивого социокультурного явления. Специально анализируются субъекты и «мишени» гендерной истории, зарождающиеся концепты «латентного» варварства. Рассмотрены условия всеобщей экспансии архаической семантики терминов «варвар» и «варварство», особенности их трансляции и трансмутации во времени и пространстве.
The article presents a historical and theoretical analysis of one of the new directions of the study of the existence of barbarians — the gender history of barbarism. Gender is considered as a systemic category of the basic terminology that has developed in barbarism. For the first time, an attempt has been made to analyze the cognitive potential of barbarism by including a gender approach in its conceptual structure. The most significant terms, concepts and concepts, their role in the structure of the barbarian cognition are considered. The key characteristics of the concept of "gender barbarism" as a sustainable socio-cultural phenomenon are identified and disclosed in historical retrospect. The subjects and "targets" of gender history, emerging concepts of "latent" barbarism are specially analyzed. The conditions of the general expansion of the archaic semantics of the terms "barbarian" and "barbarism", the features of their translation and transmutation in time and space are considered.

Known as "the father of Russian Marxism," G.V. Plekhanov (1856-1918) was an outstanding theoretician of prerevolutionary Marxism whose works were relegated to virtual oblivion during the Stalin era. In the wake of the collapse of Marxism-Leninism, his interpretation of Russian history and of the Bolshevik revolution are once again attracting the attention of Russian scholars

This article studies the problems of ethno-political processes in Afghanistan's sociallife. This shock of social and political life was a manifestation of tension in the ethno-national sphere, originating in the time of the formation of the Afghan state, which was created by the Pashtun tribes with all the ensuing consequences.

В 13-й том «Архива еврейской истории» вошли избранные главы из воспоминаний выдающегося юриста начала ХХ века Бориса Гершуна, «простого человека» Анны Шойхет, «автобиография» которой охватывает первую половину прошлого века, воспоминания Геннадия и Елены Эстрайх об их попытках эмигрировать из СССР, начиная с конца 1970-х. Попытки завершились успехом уже в начале 1990-х. В раздел «исследования» вошли статьи об одном из малоизвестных членов знаменитого клана баронов Гинцбургов — Альфреде, сыне Горация и о народовольце Савелии Златопольском. Альфред Гинцбург был управляющим Ленскими золотыми приисками и внес существенный вклад в развитие российской золотодобывающей промышленности. И, разумеется, в благосостояние семейства. Статья о члене Исполнительного комитета «Народной воли» Савелии Златопольском является по существу первым исследованием об этом видном деятеле революционного движения. В приложении к статье публикуются показания Златопольского на следствии и письма из заключения. Завершают том публикации лагерных писем известного фольклориста и музыковеда Моисея Береговского и транскрипт интервью Бориса Каменко, чудом пережившего Холокост на Ставрополье. Все остальные члены его семьи были расстреляны нацистами. Материалы, публикуемые в настоящем томе, извлечены из архивов Москвы, Санкт-Петербурга, Нью-Йорка, а также из семейных архивов.

12-й том «Архива» открывается исследованием Ефима Меламеда (Киев) об истории надзора сталинских спецслужб за еврейскими писателями в конце 1930-х — начале 1950-х годов, имевшего последствиями репрессии и физическое уничтожение многих из них. В приложении к его статье публикуется уникальный материал — донесения тайного агента, «освещавшего» деятельность «братьев-писателей». Григорий Кан (Москва) вносит очередную лепту в изучение «вечной» темы: евреи

In the first half of the 20th century, a new genre developed in the Chinese visual arts, which is called the revolutionary historical painting. For more than 70 years, this trend in art has been supported by the state and has been in demand in the society. The early works of the revolutionary historical genre were mainly devoted to the opposition of the proletariat to imperialism, feudalism and bureaucratic capitalism during the new democratic revolution in China with the CCP playing the leading role in this struggle. Currently, Chinese artists working in the genre of revolutionary historical painting create works aimed at fostering the patriotic spirit and glorifying the greatness of China. The subjects of such works include not only heroic episodes of the revolutionary past, but also important events of our time.

The article deals with the history of the literary, cultural and political movement of Activism in Germany. Activism as an independent movement has developed in the framework of German Expressionism due to its politicization and dated back to denote the split among the young Expressionists. The relevance of Activism as an independent political movement has increased markedly during the war. ; Статья посвящена рассмотрению истории литературно- и культурно-политического движения активизма в Германии. Активизм как самостоятельное движение сложился в рамках немецкого экспрессионизма вследствие его политизации и относился ко времени обозначившегося раскола в среде молодых экспрессионистов. Актуальность активизма как самостоятельного политического течения заметно возросла в годы войны.

Based on historical sources, the article provides information on the emergence of railway transport in Uzbekistan, the construction of the Kagan–Termez narrow gauge railway, and economic and political interests in the implementation of road construction

In our modern world electoral sociology, which is under constant scrutiny by the general public, as well as members of the media, in many ways shapes the image of sociology as a scientific discipline. Today sociology is often represented by media reports about the results of public opinion polls on the subject of politics and electoral affairs. Meanwhile a certain other trend is apparent: the high expectations imposed on electoral studies, as well as on their verifiability and efficiency, encourage the further development of sociological research and sociology in general. Scientific studies on electoral processes are defined by the convergence of various schools and paradigms of research, which implies an overlapping of different approaches and methods. This article presents the stages of electoral sociology's development, from "straw polls" to contemporary theories of electoral behavior (the straw poll stage, electoral sociology in the 1930's and 1940's, ecological analysis in electoral sociology, the behavioral approach, the sociological theory on electoral behavior, the socio-psychological theory of electoral behavior, the theory of instrumental rationality), which in modern electoral sociology are known as "post-Gallup" theories. The author reveals the main characteristics of each stage of modern electoral sociology's development, while highlighting its achievements and value, and giving a comprehensive analysis of modern theories of electoral behavior, with regards to issues located on the line between political sociology and sociology of law. Among these issues special consideration is given to elections as a political phenomenon, the political culture and political attitudes of the electorate, features of voting systems, political mechanisms and electoral technologies.

In article sources of emergence and development of institute of cession are considered. Special attention is paid to the development of the Institute of cession in Russian law. The development of the institution of the cession in international civil law took place through the reception of the private law of Rome. Constantly there were innovations that were legislated and reflected in judicial practice. However, despite this, there are many questions on the application of the institution of the cession. In this regard, the constant improvement of legislation in this area, as well as the interpretation of accepted norms on cession, is required.