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This collection gathers together the most important articles written by the pioneering historian of international law, Charles Henry Alexandrowicz (1902-1975). The essays shed new light on the development of international law, and particularly the influence of states outside the West --Source other than Library of Congress

Known as "the father of Russian Marxism," G.V. Plekhanov (1856-1918) was an outstanding theoretician of prerevolutionary Marxism whose works were relegated to virtual oblivion during the Stalin era. In the wake of the collapse of Marxism-Leninism, his interpretation of Russian history and of the Bolshevik revolution are once again attracting the attention of Russian scholars

Today, the demand for transparency is omnipresent. In particular, transparency is considered a prerequisite for good governance, for political participation and democracy. On closer inspection, however, transparency proves to be ambivalent. For complete transparency has not yet been achieved anywhere. Moreover, measures to increase transparency can have the opposite effect and stir up mistrust. Historians are just beginning to discover this topic. The volume assembles contributions covering European history since the 19th century. The contributors focus on political and cultural history, but include also economic and media history as well as the history of ideas. They analyse publicly debated demands and efforts for transparency, conceived as the access to information or ist disclosure.

This article studies the problems of ethno-political processes in Afghanistan's sociallife. This shock of social and political life was a manifestation of tension in the ethno-national sphere, originating in the time of the formation of the Afghan state, which was created by the Pashtun tribes with all the ensuing consequences.

This work is a study of administrative corruption from an historical perspective. It aims to answer questions such as :Can we find general patterns in the development of corruption? And what are the connections between administrative corruption, political corruption and development?

When we consider the words in the History, we place the analysis of discourse in a more general questioning of the "language". The speech called "spontaneous", as well as speech called "scientists" construct a representation of the "language". In this speech about "language" and particularly about words crystallize political conflicts, social, national, generational: I would like to draw attention to these linguistic tension points, and to treat them in their theoretical dimension - including a reflection on the loan-, and in their practical dimension, by an analysis on the texts of the period of the Enlightenment and the French Revolution, but also of more contemporary data. ; Quand on envisage les mots dans l'histoire, on place l'analyse des discours dans un questionnement plus général sur la " langue ". Les discours dits " spontanés ", aussi bien que les discours dits " savants ", construisent une représentation de la " langue ". Dans ces discours sur la " langue " et particulièrement sur les mots, se cristallisent les conflits politiques, sociaux, nationaux, générationnels : c'est sur ces points de tension linguistique que je voudrais attirer l'attention, en les abordant à la fois dans leur dimension théorique, avec notamment une réflexion sur l'emprunt, et dans leur dimension concrète, par une analyse qui privilégie les textes de la période des Lumières et de la Révolution française, sans s'interdire toutefois l'exploration de données plus contemporaines.

When we consider the words in the History, we place the analysis of discourse in a more general questioning of the "language". The speech called "spontaneous", as well as speech called "scientists" construct a representation of the "language". In this speech about "language" and particularly about words crystallize political conflicts, social, national, generational: I would like to draw attention to these linguistic tension points, and to treat them in their theoretical dimension - including a reflection on the loan-, and in their practical dimension, by an analysis on the texts of the period of the Enlightenment and the French Revolution, but also of more contemporary data. ; Quand on envisage les mots dans l'histoire, on place l'analyse des discours dans un questionnement plus général sur la " langue ". Les discours dits " spontanés ", aussi bien que les discours dits " savants ", construisent une représentation de la " langue ". Dans ces discours sur la " langue " et particulièrement sur les mots, se cristallisent les conflits politiques, sociaux, nationaux, générationnels : c'est sur ces points de tension linguistique que je voudrais attirer l'attention, en les abordant à la fois dans leur dimension théorique, avec notamment une réflexion sur l'emprunt, et dans leur dimension concrète, par une analyse qui privilégie les textes de la période des Lumières et de la Révolution française, sans s'interdire toutefois l'exploration de données plus contemporaines.