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Overview of International Human Rights and War -- Concepts of War and International Human Rights -- Human Rights and the Just War Tradition -- Humanitarian Restraints in Early Modern Warfare: Law of Armed Conflict from Antiquity to the Great War -- Contemporary Humanitarian Intervention: Beyond Rules-Based International Order -- International Human Rights Law and States of Emergency.

This report presents five case studies on EU Human Rights Dialogues (HRDs). The case studies concern the HRDs with the African Union, China, India, Morocco and Peru. Building on the findings of the previous reports in Work Package 3 of the FRAME project, the aim of this report is to explore how domestic and organisation-based conceptions of human rights, democracy and rule of law emerge in HRDs and what consequences these conceptions entails for the HRDs' goals. The report starts with a description of the methodology used (Chapter II). Next, Chapter III puts HRDs in context by examining their institutional setting. The Chapter specifically focuses on three key issues: respect for sovereignty and the equality of participants; transparency; and the priorities of the dialogues. Chapter IV is dedicated to the case studies. The Chapter is divided in two parts: the first part focuses on General Human Rights Dialogues and the second on Formal Human Rights Dialogues. General HRD's are Dialogues of a general nature based on regional or bilateral treaties, agreements or conventions or strategic partnerships dealing systematically with the issue of human rights. The first case study in this category concerns India. This is an elaborate study. It fills a gap in the scholarly literature since the EUIndia HRD has so far been little researched. One of the main difficulties that the case study highlights with the HRD is that the EU is conditioned by an essentially Eurocentric world-view about India. The next case study in this first part of the Chapter concerns Peru. The research shows that although the EU's conceptions of human rights differ in some respects from the Peruvian, the Dialogue has been productive. The last case study in the part of General HRD's concerns European Neighbourhood Policy (ENP), more specifically Morocco. This too is an elaborate case study which presents a much-needed addition to the academic literature. It details the institutional setting of the dialogue and describes to what extent diverging ...

Excerpts from the UN Charter.--Universal Declaration of Human Rights.--Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide.--International Convention on the Elimination of all Forms of Racial Discrimination.--International Covenant on Economic, Social, and Cultural Rights.--International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights.--Optional protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights.--American Convention on Human Rights. ; Mode of access: Internet.

Cover -- Title -- Copyright -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgements -- List of Abbreviations -- Introduction -- 1 What is a Human Right? -- Rights: general, positive, moral, human -- Understanding human rights -- 'Three generations' of rights -- Conclusion -- 2 A Brief History of Human Rights -- Introduction -- Natural rights in the eighteenth century -- More on the Enlightenment -- Social and economic rights in the nineteenth century -- The Second World War and the Universal Declaration of Human Rights -- Conclusion -- 3 Philosophical Foundations for Human Rights -- Introduction -- The interest view -- Human dignity -- Personhood -- Sceptics: MacIntyre and Rorty -- Conclusion -- 4 A Political Conception of Human Rights -- Introduction -- Human rights in international legal and political practice -- The political view -- Criticisms of the political view -- Conclusion -- 5 Religion and Human Rights -- Introduction -- A secular or religious source for moral authority? -- Religious freedom and secular liberalism -- Islam and human rights -- Conclusion -- 6 Universalism and Relativism -- Introduction -- Types of relativism and the 'Asian values' debate -- Universalism and the self -- Feminist and flexible universalisms -- Conclusion -- 7 Minority Groups and Minority Rights -- Introduction -- Liberal multiculturalism -- Critics of liberal multiculturalism: egalitarianism, exit and essentialism -- Conclusion -- 8 Global Poverty and Human Rights -- Introduction -- Manifesto rights, subsistence and security -- Pogge, poverty and rights -- Poverty, agency and harm -- Conclusion -- 9 Environmental Human Rights? -- Introduction -- Ways of conceptualizing environmental human rights -- Environmental values and human rights -- Climate change and human rights -- Conclusion -- Conclusion -- Further Reading -- Bibliography -- Index.

Cover Page -- Half Title Page -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Contents -- Foreword -- Introduction -- Chapter 1: The Global State of Human Rights -- 1: Global Human Rights: An Overview -- 2: The European Union Is Falling Short on Human Rights Commitments -- 3: Bangladesh Is Failing to Address Human Rights Abuses -- 4: Tibetans Are Suffering from Human Rights Abuses by China -- 5: The Arab World Is Experiencing a Deterioration of Human Rights -- 6: Israel Is Violating International Law and the Human Rights of Palestinians -- 7: The United States Must Face Its Own Record of Human Rights Abuses -- Periodical and Internet Sources Bibliography -- Chapter 2: Human Rights and Politics -- 1: Britain's New Government Must Make Human Rights a Top Priority -- 2: Myanmar's Government Must Be Pressured to Hold Fair Elections -- 3: China Must Stop Supporting Authoritarian Regimes -- 4: Israel Violates Human Rights and the European Union Is Complicit -- 5: North Korea Must Shut Down Its Concentration Camps -- 6: The European Union Should Support Democracy and Human Rights in Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan -- 7: The Honduras Truth Commission Faces a Daunting Task -- Periodical and Internet Sources Bibliography -- Chapter 3: Human Rights and Minority Populations -- 1: Global Caste-Based Discrimination Should Be Treated as a Human Rights Violation -- 2: China Continues to Tyrannize the Uyghur Minority -- 3: Estonia Is Discriminating Against Ethnic Russians -- 4: Sudan Violates the Human Rights of Its Citizens -- 5: Iranian Persecution of the Bahá'í Is an Injustice and Rejection of True Iranian Identity -- 6: Israel Must Safeguard the Rights of All People With in Its Borders -- 7: Sri Lanka Tries to Escape Accountability for War Crimes Against the Tamil People -- 8: Developing Countries Have a Poor Record on Gay Rights

Cover -- Half Title -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Table of Contents -- List of Tables -- Preface -- About the Contributors -- Part I The United Nations System -- 1 United Nations Mechanisms to Promote and Protect Human Rights -- Introduction -- Principles of the Machinery -- Human Rights Machinery -- The Main Structure of the Machinery -- Policy-making Bodies -- United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights -- Treaty Monitoring Bodies 30 -- Non-conventional Procedures: Special Rapporteurs and Working Groups -- Procedures -- Reporting under Human Rights Treaties -- Procedures Related to Human Rights Violations -- Non-governmental Organizations' Contribution to the Work of the United Nations Human Rights Mechanisms -- Notes -- Bibliography -- 2 The International Labour Organization's System of HumanRights Protection -- Introduction -- The ILO's History and Structures -- Tripartism: a Fundamental Concept -- The Concept of Fundamental Human Rights in the ILO -- Definition of Fundamental Human Rights in the ILO -- International Labour Standards: Adoption and Supervision -- The Adoption of Standards -- The ILO's Supervisory System -- The Committee on Freedom of Association -- Follow-up to the Declaration -- The Relationship Between ILO Human Rights Standards and Other United Nations Instruments on Human Rights -- Other Work with International Organizations on Human Rights -- Links Between Technical Cooperation and ILO Standards -- The Impact of the ILO's Work for Human Rights -- Cases of Progress: More than 2000 Noted in 35 Years -- The Effect Given to Recommendations of the Committee on Freedom of Association -- How Non-governmental Organizations Can Best Make Use of the ILO -- The Need to Adapt -- Reporting Obligations -- The Universality of Application of Standards -- Globalization and Workers' Rights

Cover -- Title -- Copyright -- Contents -- Introduction -- A Long History -- What Are Human Rights? -- Defining Universal Rights -- Inventing Human Rights -- Changing Rights -- The Power Of The State -- Rights In The Ancient World -- Early Rights In India -- The Classical World -- Rights In The Middle Ages -- The Magna Carta -- Rights For The Citizen -- Thomas Aquinas -- The Rise Of Individual Rights -- Revolution In England -- The Social Contract -- The American Revolution -- Revolution In France -- Fighting For Equality -- Votes For Women -- African American Equality -- The Civil Rights Movement -- LGBTQ Rights -- Human Rights Today -- The Threat of Terrorism -- Guantanamo Bay -- Warfare and Refugees -- The World Today -- Timeline -- Glossary -- Further Resources -- Index -- Back Cover.

Intro -- title page -- copyright page -- 1. What Are Human Rights? -- 2. History of Human Rights -- 3. How Can Human Rights Be Protected? -- 4. Helping People -- 5. Defending Human Rights -- Appendix: The Universal Declaration of Human Rights, 1948 -- Appendix: Joint Statement of the Chairpersons of the UN Human Rights Treaty Bodies on the Post-2015 Development Agenda -- International Organizations -- Series Glossary -- Further Reading -- Internet Resources -- Index -- Untitled -- Blank Page.

Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Table of Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- I. Standards -- 1. Human Rights and Forced Displacement: Converging Standards -- 2. Human Rights Standards: A Paradigm for Refugee Protection? -- 3. Forced Displacement: The Relevance of International Humanitarian Law -- 4. Forced Displacement and the Covenant on Civil and Political Rights -- 5. The Development of lnternational Standards to Protect Internally Displaced -- II. Monitoring and Reporting -- 6. Protecting the Rights of Displaced Children: Some Suggestions for Enhanced Monitoring and Reporting -- 7. Monitoring & -- Reporting: A Search for New Advocacy Strategies -- 8. Through Rose-Coloured Glasses: UNHCR's Role in Monitoring the Safety of the Rohingya Refugees Returning to Burma -- 9. Rights and Responsibilities of Refugees and Their Protectors -- III. Solutions -- 10. Land and Resource Access Rights and Forced Displacements of People: Can Democracy in the Countryside Help? -- 11. The Future: Articulating Responsibilities to Identify and Bring to Justice Perpetrators of Serious Human Rights Violations and International Crimes -- 12. Solutions: Human Rights Verification and Accountability -- 13. Human Rights and Forced Displacement: CARE's Perspective on Solutions -- 14. A New Role for Human Rights Organisations in Refugee Protection? -- IV. The Future -- 15. CIS Migration Conference and Program of Action: A Model for Addressing Human Rights and Forced Displacement -- 16. The Future of Refugee Protection -- 17. Further Promotion and Encouragement of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms, Including the Programme and Methods of Work of the Commission: Human Rights, Mass Exoduses and Displaced Persons -- 18. United Nations Initiatives in Humanitarian Emergencies Causing Forced Displacement.

As a human rights researcher with national affections, the author of Human Rights: China's Road tries to understand the underlying logic of human rights situations in China and the progress happening there.The author believes that the idea of human rights protection is unconditionally agreed upon by everyone, but the choice of specific patterns and routes is neither justified nor possible to remain unchanged through all the different concrete scenarios. For the 1.4 billion Chinese people, only they themselves are entitled to determine how they should protect their own human rights, and how to

The title of this essay is rather ambitious and the space available is hardly sufficient to examine two words of almost limitless expanse—"human rights"—whether standing alone or in tandem. This requires that I begin with (and remained disciplined by) what a teacher of mine, Leo Strauss, called "low facts." My low facts are these: We call ourselves humans because we have certain characteristics that define our nature. We are social and political animals, as Aristotle noted, and possess attributes not shared by other animals. The ancients noted this, of course, when they defined our principal behavioral and cognitive distinction from the rest of the natural world as the faculty of speech. The Greek word for this,logos, means much more than speech, as it connoteswordandreasonand, in the more common understanding, talking and writing, praising and criticizing, persuading and reading. While other animals communicate by making sounds of attraction or warning, leaving smells, and so on, none read newspapers, make speeches, publish their memoirs, or write poetry.

Human Rights enables readers to understand international standards for human rights, human rights abuses around the world, and the social, economic, and natural causes and effects of such abuses. The history of human rights concepts and declarations of human rights are examined, including the distinction that many historical theories and movements in human rights have made between social groups, namely free men versus women, children, slaves, and immigrants. This new resource goes on to explore human rights positions in the United States, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, China, Chechnya

"As I'm writing this, Christians are brutally murdering Muslims in the Central African Republic; people in Syria are being bombed, starved, and tortured; and homosexuals still face the death penalty in Iran as well as long prison sentences in countries like Uganda and Nigeria and persecution by thugs in many countries. These atrocities and many other disturbing phenomena are often called "human rights violations." What gives them this status? That is a question about which there has been a surprising amount of disagreement among political philosophers."

Human rights reflect a determined effort to protect the dignity of each and every human being against abuse of power. This endeavour is as old as human history. What is relatively new is the international venture for the protection of human dignity through internationally accepted legal standards and generally accessible mechanisms for implementation. That mission got a major impetus with the founding of the United Nations in 1945. While the primary focus of the international project for the realisation of human rights used to be on ways and means of limiting and governing political power, other institutions than the state are coming within its range of attention, too, including those of the corporate world. Recently, a 'human rights approach' to poverty has gained a prominent place on the development agenda. When human rights are seen as not just legal resources but also political instruments, this means that power is to be regarded as legitimate only if international human rights standards are followed. Legitimacy, in other words, becomes the core concept, referring to the right institutions and principles, the right procedures and also normatively acceptable outcomes. Hence, rights-based approaches to overcome poverty imply efforts to address economic injustices as well, in the first place at the level of the global economy as such.

Introduction -- The four paradigms or ideal-types in the discipline of international relations -- The different debates in the discipline of international relations -- Realism : theory and (the effectiveness of ) international human rights treaties -- Liberalism : theory and the effectiveness of international human rights treaties -- Institutionalism : theory and the effectiveness of international human rights treaties -- Fairness : theory and the effectiveness of international human rights treaties -- Transnational legal process : theory and the effectiveness of international human rights treaties -- Managerial process : theory and the effectiveness of international human rights treaties -- The autonomous legal discourse and the appellative or the discursive effect of human rights.